全國(guó)翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題及答案

　　在日復(fù)一日的學(xué)習(xí)、工作生活中，我們很多時(shí)候都不得不用到真題，真題是命題者根據(jù)一定的考核需要編寫(xiě)出來(lái)的。一份好的真題都是什么樣子的呢？下面是小編收集整理的全國(guó)翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)資格(水平)考試真題及答案，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

　　真題及答案1：

　　英譯漢 Passage One

　　Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. Providing women and girls with equal access to education, health care, decent work, and representation in political and economic decision-making processes will fuel sustainable economies and benefit societies and humanity at large. Therefore, gender equality and womens empowerment are one of the overarching priorities of UNESCO.

　　性別平等不僅是一項(xiàng)基本人權(quán)，也是實(shí)現(xiàn)世界和平、繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必要基礎(chǔ)。為女性提供平等的教育、醫(yī)療保健、體面工作以及確保她們?cè)谡�治和�?jīng)濟(jì)決策過(guò)程中的代表權(quán)，將促進(jìn)可持續(xù)經(jīng)濟(jì)，并在更大層面造福社會(huì)和全人類(lèi)。因此，堅(jiān)持性別平等，賦予婦女權(quán)力是教科文組織的首要優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)之一。

　　This is a strategy for making women’s as well as men’s concerns and experiences an integral dimension of the design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of policies and programmes in all political, economic and societal spheres so that women and men benefit equally and inequality is not perpetuated. The ultimate goal is to achieve gender equality.

　　這是一項(xiàng)戰(zhàn)略性策略，旨在實(shí)現(xiàn)男女平等。因此，無(wú)論男性和女性，他們的關(guān)切和經(jīng)歷都要融入所有政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)領(lǐng)域政策和方案的設(shè)計(jì)、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)測(cè)和評(píng)估，從而使男女平等受益，阻止不平等現(xiàn)象的持續(xù)蔓延。

　　Increasing attention is being placed on gender equality issues globally, buoyed by several legal and normative instruments: conventions and declarations. Chief among these are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The latter, which was the outcome of the United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women, in 1995, emphasizes the key role of media to promote gender equality in all spheres; all stake-holders are called to join forces to combat “stereotyping of women and inequality in women’s access to and participation in all communication systems, especially in the media”. UNESCO’s commitment and strategy to this end is pursued through a two-fold approach: (i) gender-specific programming and (ii) taking gender-focused actions in all of UNESCO’s fields work.

　　性別平等問(wèn)題日益在全球引發(fā)關(guān)注，也得益于若干法律和規(guī)范性文書(shū)（公約和宣言）的出臺(tái)，其中最主要的是《消除對(duì)婦女一切形式歧視公約》和《北京宣言和行動(dòng)綱要》。后者是1995年聯(lián)合國(guó)第四次婦女問(wèn)題世界會(huì)議的成果，強(qiáng)調(diào)媒體在促進(jìn)所有領(lǐng)域兩性平等方面的關(guān)鍵作用，并呼吁所有利益關(guān)聯(lián)方攜手破除對(duì)“對(duì)婦女的陳舊觀念，消除婦女獲得和參與信息交流領(lǐng)域尤其是媒介領(lǐng)域所遭遇的不平等現(xiàn)象”。教科文組織在這方面的承諾和戰(zhàn)略是通過(guò)兩種方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的：（1）根據(jù)性別設(shè)計(jì)的計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目；（2）在教科文組織的所有領(lǐng)域工作中實(shí)施性別關(guān)注行動(dòng)。

　　UNESCO’s Communication and Information Sector has fully embraced this commitment and has engaged globally in a wide range of gender-specific initiatives across its divisions and main actions. Equality between women and men working in the media, and equality in news reporting on women and men, are of equal importance and are being stridently pursued. In cooperation with the International Federation of Journalists and many other partners, UNESCO has adopted this global framework of Gender-Sensitive Indicators for Media (GSIM). These indicators have been developed to enable effective assessment of related development in the media.

　　教科文組織的傳播和信息部門(mén)積極踐行這個(gè)承諾，并在全球范圍內(nèi)在其各部門(mén)和主要行動(dòng)中采取了針對(duì)性舉措。實(shí)現(xiàn)在媒介組織和媒介內(nèi)容男女平等具有同等的重要性，也是我們一直在努力實(shí)現(xiàn)的目標(biāo)。教科文組織與國(guó)際記者聯(lián)合會(huì)和許多其他合作伙伴合作，通過(guò)了這一全球媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)框架協(xié)議，以有效評(píng)估媒體的相關(guān)發(fā)展。

　　In order to further enrich the GSIM resource, and as a fundamental step for its completion, a second round of consultation was carried out online with UNESCO media partners globally. Broadcasting and print associations contributed comments, suggestions and insights to further enhance the document. The consultation with these associations was essential because it enables UNESCO to embed into the GSIM the perspectives of these key partners. This enables us to stress that use of the GSIM is not an attempt to limit freedom of expression and the independence of media, but to voluntarily enrich these underlying characteristics. UNESCO is confident that, if fully implemented, the GSIM will produce an impact in both qualitative and quantitative terms.

　　為了進(jìn)一步豐富媒體性別敏感指標(biāo)內(nèi)涵，實(shí)現(xiàn)指標(biāo)完善工作，教科文組織與其全球媒體合作伙伴在線進(jìn)行了第二輪磋商，吸納來(lái)自廣播和印刷協(xié)會(huì)這些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴提供的意見(jiàn)、建議和見(jiàn)解，以進(jìn)一步提高指標(biāo)質(zhì)量。與這些協(xié)會(huì)的協(xié)商是至關(guān)重要的，因?yàn)樗�使教科文組織能夠?qū)⑦@些關(guān)鍵合作伙伴的觀點(diǎn)納入全球戰(zhàn)略信息管理。這樣做也使我們強(qiáng)調(diào)，使用性別敏感指標(biāo)并不是試圖限制了言論自由和媒體獨(dú)立性，而是自愿去充實(shí)指標(biāo)應(yīng)有之義。教科文組織相信，如果性別敏感指標(biāo)得到充分實(shí)施，其將對(duì)性別平等事業(yè)的質(zhì)和量都產(chǎn)生影響。

　　英譯漢 Passage Two

　　When rainfall is measured in feet, not inches, we are witnessing climate change bearing down on us. Catastrophic destruction tied to the Atlantic hurricane season, monsoon rains in Mumbai, and downpours in Niger are just a few of the many extreme weather events that are being intensified by global warming. While the rise of a few degrees in temperature may not be enough for a person to run a fever, that change is enough to radically impact the earth’s climate. By way of comparison, the earth was once rendered largely uninhabitable by a one to two-degree Celsius drop in temperature—an era now referred to as the Little Ice Age. In response to the threat posed by global climate change, most nations have committed to significant mitigation efforts, through the Paris Agreement, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

　　當(dāng)我們用英尺而不是英寸來(lái)衡量降雨量時(shí)，我們就能切身感受氣候變化的影響。全球變暖，極端天氣增多，例如與大西洋颶風(fēng)季節(jié)有關(guān)的災(zāi)難性破壞、孟買(mǎi)的季風(fēng)雨和尼日爾的洪災(zāi)。對(duì)于人類(lèi)而言，氣溫上升幾度不足以讓人發(fā)燒，但對(duì)于地球來(lái)說(shuō)，影響確是根本性的。歷史上地球上的溫度僅僅下降了1到2攝氏度，地球一度變得基本上不適合居住——這個(gè)時(shí)代現(xiàn)在被稱(chēng)為小冰河時(shí)代。為了應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化帶來(lái)的威脅，大多數(shù)國(guó)家作出重要努力，依據(jù)《巴黎協(xié)定》，減少溫室氣體排放，力求減緩全球變暖加劇。

　　But will these collective efforts be enough? Some scientists are trying another approach, exploring new tools to deliberately alter the global climate system. These discrete and diverse technologies are often grouped under the all-encompassing and poorly defined rubric of “climate engineering” or “geoengineering.” These radically different approaches aim to either halt the process of global warming by removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere or to counteract warming already under way.

　　但是，這些集體努力就足夠了嗎？一些科學(xué)家正在嘗試另一種方法，探索有意改變?nèi)�球氣候系統(tǒng)的新工具。這些不同而多樣的技術(shù)通常被歸為“氣候工程”或“地球工程”這一包羅萬(wàn)象的模糊術(shù)語(yǔ)。這些截然不同的方法旨在通過(guò)從大氣中清除溫室氣體來(lái)阻止全球變暖的進(jìn)程，或者采取措施應(yīng)對(duì)已經(jīng)在發(fā)生的變暖現(xiàn)象。

　　The problem is, while several tools seem to be gaining ground in computer models, laboratories, and even real-world experiments, public discussion has not kept pace with their advancement. To date, there has been too little transparency and international dialogue around the progress, feasibility, risks and benefits of these efforts. Climate engineering and current mitigation and adaptation efforts are not mutually exclusive. Experts generally agree that these new technological approaches alone are unlikely to provide adequate protection from the dangers posed by rising global temperatures.

　　但是問(wèn)題是，盡管這些工具措施通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)模擬、實(shí)驗(yàn)室及現(xiàn)實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)都取得了進(jìn)展，但公眾卻對(duì)此并不知情，慢了半拍。迄今為止，圍繞這些努力的進(jìn)展、可行性、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和好處，其透明度不高和開(kāi)展的國(guó)際對(duì)話也太少。事實(shí)上，氣候工程與當(dāng)前人們采取的緩解于適應(yīng)性措施并不是相互排斥的。另外，專(zhuān)家們普遍認(rèn)為，僅靠這些新的技術(shù)方法不太可能提供足夠的保護(hù)，以應(yīng)對(duì)來(lái)自全球氣溫上升帶來(lái)的危險(xiǎn)。

　　In 1965, the Science Advisory Committee raised concerns about manmade climate change and warned that “man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment.” More than 50 years later, the field of climate engineering remains largely unknown, especially to policymakers and the public.

　　1965年，科學(xué)咨詢委員會(huì)提出了對(duì)人為改變氣候變化的擔(dān)憂，并警告稱(chēng)“人類(lèi)正在無(wú)意中進(jìn)行大規(guī)模的地球物理實(shí)驗(yàn)。”50多年后，氣候工程領(lǐng)域在很大程度上仍然未知，尤其是對(duì)決策者和公眾而言。

　　There are real risks to using or rejecting climate engineering. While it is tempting to be for or against climate engineering, what decision makers need to do now is to gather scientific facts and ask as many questions as possible about what the deployment of these technologies might mean for individuals, societies, nations and regions.

　　無(wú)論采取還是摒棄氣候工程都確實(shí)存在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。雖然支持或反對(duì)氣候工程的理由都很具有說(shuō)服力，但決策者現(xiàn)在需要做的是掌握大量科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)，并盡可能多地詢問(wèn)這些技術(shù)的運(yùn)用對(duì)個(gè)人、社會(huì)、國(guó)家和地區(qū)意味著什么。

　　漢譯英 Passage One

　　琴心和小核桃是兩個(gè)出生在2016年的“萌妹子”。在臥龍國(guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)(National Nature Reserve）進(jìn)行了兩年的野化培訓(xùn)后，2018年12月27日，它們?cè)邶埾�一虹口�?guó)家級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)被放歸。當(dāng)時(shí)兩只熊貓接受了體檢，它們的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和各項(xiàng)生理指標(biāo)均正常。

　　兩只大熊貓放歸后，科研人員組成的監(jiān)測(cè)小組立即著手對(duì)它們進(jìn)行跟蹤監(jiān)測(cè)。無(wú)線電監(jiān)測(cè)、GPS數(shù)據(jù)下載及分析、大熊貓糞便樣品采集、生存環(huán)境調(diào)查、紅外相機(jī)監(jiān)測(cè)等多種設(shè)備和手段的應(yīng)用，讓監(jiān)測(cè)隊(duì)員可以隨時(shí)掌握兩只熊貓的動(dòng)向。通過(guò)收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，開(kāi)展野外研究，監(jiān)測(cè)人員希望了解兩個(gè)小家伙能否逐步適應(yīng)新的野外環(huán)境，融入野生大熊貓種群。

　　“我們保護(hù)區(qū)位于大熊貓分布區(qū)的中段，其顯著特點(diǎn)是直接聯(lián)系著岷山山系和邛山頂最大的大熊貓野生種群棲息地。”保護(hù)區(qū)虹口站站長(zhǎng)劉波表示，“這里是野生大熊貓生存、繁衍以及圈養(yǎng)（captive-bred）大熊貓放歸的天然走廊。”

　　Qinxin (“Heart of Qin”) and Xiao Hetao (“Little Walnut”), two adorable pandas born in 2016, were released into Longxi - Hongkou National Nature Reserve on December 27, 2018 after two years of rewilding training in Wolong National Nature Reserve. Physical examination on the spot revealed that their growth and physiological indicators met all the required standards. Since their release, a dedicated team of researchers began to monitor the progress of the two animals, by harnessing radio monitoring systems, analyzing GPS data, collecting fecal samples, investigating their living environment, and deploying infrared camera detectors. Through data collection and field research, they could determine whether the pandas can accustom themselves to the new environment and fit into the wild panda population over time.

　　“This place is in the central section of the region where pandas are distributed. It is a direct link between the Minshan mountains and Qionglai mountains, both of which are the largest habitats of wild pandas,” said Liu Bo, head of Hongkou Station in the reserve. “It is not only a place where wild pandas live and reproduce, but also a natural corridor through which captive-bred pandas are reintroduced into the wilderness.”

　　漢譯英 Passage Two

　　污染防治攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)是全面建成小康社會(huì)決勝階段的三大攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)之一。目標(biāo)是到2020年生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量總體改善，主要污染物排放總量大幅減少，環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)得到有效管控。

　　The war on pollution is one of the three major campaigns launched by China in the decisive stage of its efforts to build a well-off society in all respects. The objective is to achieve an overall improvement in the ecological environment, a significant reduction in the emissions of major pollutants, and the effective control of environmental risks by 2020.

　　生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題本質(zhì)上是高資源消耗、高污染排放的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展方式造成的。所以我們必須提高資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用效率，減少資源消耗，并將生態(tài)文明(ecological conservation）的要求融入到經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)中，加快形成節(jié)約資源和保護(hù)環(huán)境的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)、生產(chǎn)方式、生活方式。我們要加快建立健全五大生態(tài)文明體系，即生態(tài)文化體系、生態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系、目標(biāo)責(zé)任體系、生態(tài)文明制度體系和生態(tài)安全體系等。這些體系的建立有助于我們從根本上解決生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題。

　　Environmental issues are essentially results of an economic development model marked by excessive resource consumption and high pollutant emissions. Therefore, it is imperative to improve resource efficiency, reduce resource consumption, integrate environmental efforts into economic development, and facilitate the establishment of an industrial structure and way of life and work that is resource-efficient and environmentally-friendly, so as to provide time and space for nature to recover and develop. There is also a need to accelerate the construction of five systems surrounding ecological civilization in terms of culture, economy, objectives and accountability, institutions, and security, all of which, when established, will contribute to the fundamental resolution of environmental problems.

　　我們要樹(shù)立良好的生態(tài)環(huán)境是最大的民生福祉這一基本民生觀。堅(jiān)持生態(tài)為民，重點(diǎn)解決損害群眾健康的突出環(huán)境問(wèn)題。從打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)到水污染防治、土壤污染防治、農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境整治、城市污水治理。還自然以寧?kù)o、和諧、美麗，不斷滿足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的對(duì)美好環(huán)境的要求。

　　In livelihood improvement, we must stay committed to the fundamental belief that an excellent ecological environment delivers the greatest wellbeing to the people. Therefore, guided by the mission of creating a high-quality environment for all, we take robust efforts to address pressing environmental problems that harm the public’s health. From winning the battle against air pollution to managing water pollution, land contamination and urban wastewater, and upgrading rural living conditions, our efforts are geared to restoring serenity, harmony, and beauty to nature and meeting the growing demand of the residents for a nice environment.

　　真題及答案2：

　　2024年6月四級(jí)翻譯真題及答案

　　原文1：農(nóng)歷

　　農(nóng)歷(the lunar calendar)起源于數(shù)千年前的中國(guó)，根據(jù)太陽(yáng)和月亮的運(yùn)行規(guī)律制定。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)農(nóng)歷在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)和人們?nèi)粘Ｉ�活中發(fā)揮著重要作用。古人依據(jù)農(nóng)歷記錄日期，安排農(nóng)活，以便最有效地利用自然資源和氣候條件，提高農(nóng)作物的產(chǎn)量和質(zhì)量。中國(guó)的春節(jié)、中秋節(jié)等傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的日期都基于農(nóng)歷。農(nóng)歷是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分，當(dāng)今依然廣為使用。

　　參考譯文：

　　The lunar calendar originated in China thousands of years ago, formulated based on the movement patterns of the sun and the moon. For a long time, the lunar calendar has played a significant role in agricultural production and peoples daily lives. ancient people recorded dates and arranged farm work according to the lunar calendar to make the most effective use of natural resources and climatic conditions, enhancing the yield and quality of crops. The dates of traditional Chinese festivals like the Spring festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival are all based on the lunar calendar. The lunar calendar is an essential part of Chinese traditional culture and is still widely used today.

　　原文2：四合院

　　四合院(siheyuan)是中國(guó)一種傳統(tǒng)的住宅建筑，其特點(diǎn)是房屋建造在一個(gè)院子的四周，將院子合圍在中間。四合院通常冬暖夏涼，環(huán)境舒適，尤其適合大家庭居住。四合院在中國(guó)各地有多種類(lèi)型，其中以北京的四合院最為典型。如今，隨著現(xiàn)代城市的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的四合院已逐漸減少，但因其獨(dú)特的建筑風(fēng)格，四合院對(duì)中國(guó)文化的傳承和中國(guó)歷史的研究具有重要意義。

　　參考譯文：

　　The siheyuan is a traditional Chinese residential architecture characterized by houses built around a central courtyard. It is typically warm in winter and cool in summer, providing a comfortable environment especially suitable for large families. The siheyuan comes in various types across China, with the Beijing siheyuan being the most typical. Nowadays, with the development of modern cities, traditional siheyuan have gradually decreased. However, due to its unique architectural style, the siheyuan is of great significance to the inheritance of Chinese culture and the study of Chinese history.

　　原文3：福

　　漢語(yǔ)中的福表示幸福和好運(yùn)，是中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化中最常用的吉祥符號(hào)之一。人們通常將一個(gè)大大的福字寫(xiě)在紅紙上，寓意期盼家庭幸福、社會(huì)安定、國(guó)家昌盛。春節(jié)貼福字是民間由來(lái)已久的習(xí)俗。為了歡慶春節(jié)，家家戶戶，都會(huì)將福字貼在門(mén)上或墻上表達(dá)對(duì)幸福生活的期待。人們有時(shí)還將福字倒過(guò)來(lái)貼，表示幸福已到。

　　參考譯文：

　　In Chinese, "Fu" represents happiness and good luck, and it is one of the most commonly used auspicious symbols in Chinese traditional culture. People often write a large "Fu" character on red paper, symbolizing the expectation of family happiness, social stability, and national prosperity. It is a long-standing folk custom to post the "Fu" character during the Spring Festival. To celebrate the Spring Festival, every household will put up the "Fu" character on the door or wall to express their expectation for a happy life. Sometimes, people even paste the "Fu" character upside down, indicating that happiness has arrived.

　　真題及答案3：

　　CATTI三級(jí)筆譯 A卷

　　【英譯漢】（Financial Times 2017）：

　　At 51, Cathy McDonnell wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience crunching data at Qinetiq to better use. She had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young, but she wanted to get back into the corporate world.

　　Several applications later, all for jobs in her former field of defence, she was getting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of later-life work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help older people — mainly women — return to work, often after breaks to care for families.

　　Cathy eventually secured a place on an 11-week “Career Returners” programme with O2, open to men and women, which included being buddied with a 20-year-old male student who was also with the company on work experience. He helped to acquaint her with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual private network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.

　　“On the assessment day, I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘These women have a lot to offer, let’s see what they can do.’ That was refreshing.”

　　In fact, by hiring female returnees, companies can access hard skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs — and for a discount. In return, employers coach older females back into working life.Through her returnship, Ms McDonnell gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant, handling projects within service management at O2.She still is earning less than she would like to. “But it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,” she says.

　　It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young families. UK government figures show that women account for around 90 per cent of people on extended career breaks for caring reasons.

　　A lack of middle-aged women working, particularly in highly skilled roles, is costing the UK economy 50bn a year, according to a report. The report found that men over 50 took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time roles older women often accept. Some 41 per cent of women in work in the UK do so part-time, as opposed to only 11 per cent of men.

　　A study last year by economists found “robust evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women” in a range of white and blue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for older women to find jobs than it is for older men regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.

　　【漢譯英】（《網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間國(guó)際合作戰(zhàn)略》）：

　　現(xiàn)在，以互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的信息技術(shù)迅速發(fā)展，引領(lǐng)了生產(chǎn)新變革，創(chuàng)造了人類(lèi)生活新空間，拓展了國(guó)家治理新領(lǐng)域。中國(guó)大力實(shí)施網(wǎng)絡(luò)強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略、國(guó)家信息化戰(zhàn)略、國(guó)家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略、“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”行動(dòng)計(jì)劃。中國(guó)大力發(fā)展電子商務(wù)，推動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)深度融合發(fā)展，改善資源配置。這些措施為推動(dòng)創(chuàng)新發(fā)展、轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式、調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)揮積極作用。

　　中國(guó)歡迎公平、開(kāi)放、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的市場(chǎng)，在自身發(fā)展的同時(shí)，致力于推動(dòng)全球數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。中國(guó)主張自由貿(mào)易，反對(duì)貿(mào)易壁壘和貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義。我們希望建立開(kāi)放、安全的數(shù)字經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境，確保互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新服務(wù)。我們主張互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入應(yīng)公平、普遍。中國(guó)愿加強(qiáng)同其他國(guó)家和地區(qū)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和信息技術(shù)方面的交流與合作。我們應(yīng)共同推進(jìn)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和創(chuàng)新，確保所有人都能平等分享數(shù)字紅利，實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。

　　三級(jí)筆譯 B卷

　　【英譯漢】：

　　In December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were found. Scientists believe that It was caused by a previously unknown virus- Now named COVID-19.

　　Coronaviruses have the appearance of a crown. Crown in Latin is called "corona" and thats how these viruses got their name. There are different types of coronaviruses that cause respiratory and sometimes gastrointestinal of symptoms.

　　Its known that coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. But the animals which transmit COVID-19 are not known yet. And the exact dynamics of how the virus is transmitted is yet to be determined.

　　From what is known so far, there can be a number of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. There can be fever and respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, theres been pneumonia, kidney failure and death. There is currently no specific medication for the virus and treatment is supportive care. There is currently no vaccine to protect against the virus. Treatment and vaccines are in development.

　　Nevertheless, we are committed to combatting the COVID-19 epidemic. Its certainly troubling that so many people and countries have been affected, so quickly. Now that the virus has a foothold in so many countries, the threat of a pandemic has become very real. But it would be the first pandemic in history that could be controlled. The bottom line is: we are not at the mercy of this virus.

　　The great advantage we have is that the decisions we all make-as governments, businesses, communities, families and individuals can influence the trajectory of the epidemic. We need to remember that with decisive, early action, we can slow down the virus and prevent infections. Among those who are infected, most will recover.

　　Its also important to remember that looking only at the total number of reported cases and the total number of countries doesnt tell the full story. This is an uneven epidemic at the global level. Different countries are in different scenarios, requiring a tailored response. Its not about containment or mitigation. Its about both.

　　All countries must take a comprehensive blended strategy for controlling their epidemics and pushing this deadly virus back. Countries that continue finding and testing cases and tracing their contacts not only protect their own people, they can also affect what happens in other countries and globally. The WHO has consolidated its guidance for countries in four categories: those with no case; those with sporadic cases; those with clusters; and those with community transmission. For all countries, the aim is the same: stop transmission and prevent the spread of the virus.

　　For the first three categories, countries must focus on finding, testing, treating and isolating individual cases and following their contacts. In areas with community spread, testing every suspected case and tracing their contacts become more challenging. Action must be taken to prevent transmission at the community level to reduce the epidemic to manageable clusters.

　　【漢譯英】

　　水稻是世界上最主要的糧食作物之一，世界上一半以上人口（包括中國(guó) 60%以上人口）都以稻米作為主食。中國(guó)是世界上最早種植水稻的國(guó)家，至今已有 7000 年左右的歷史，當(dāng) 前水稻產(chǎn)量占全國(guó)糧食作物產(chǎn)量近一半。水稻作為主要的糧食，無(wú)論對(duì)中國(guó)還是對(duì)世界的重要性都是不言而喻的。中國(guó)在超級(jí)雜 交水稻（super hybrid rice）生產(chǎn)方面成就突出，關(guān)鍵人物便是袁隆平。被譽(yù)為“中國(guó)雜交水 稻之父”。他的名字不僅在中國(guó)家喻戶曉，在國(guó)際上也享有盛譽(yù)。袁隆平于上世紀(jì) 60 年代開(kāi)始雜交水稻研究。他帶領(lǐng)科研團(tuán)隊(duì)使中國(guó)雜交水稻一直領(lǐng)先 于世界水平，不僅不斷實(shí)現(xiàn)雜交水稻的高產(chǎn)量目標(biāo)，而且在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中不斷推廣應(yīng)用，從實(shí)際上解決了中國(guó)人吃飯難的問(wèn)題。袁隆平還多次到美國(guó)、印度等國(guó)家傳授技術(shù)，為 30 多個(gè) 國(guó)家和地區(qū)的政府官員和科研工作者講學(xué)，促進(jìn)雜交水稻技術(shù)造福世界。

　　1987 年 11 月 3 日，聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織在巴黎總部向袁隆平頒發(fā)科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，認(rèn)為他的科研成果是“第二次綠色革命”。2004年，袁隆平獲得世界糧食獎(jiǎng)（the World Food Prize），表彰 他為人類(lèi)提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富、數(shù)量充足的糧食所做出的突出貢獻(xiàn)。

　　真題及答案4：

　　【CATTI】一級(jí)筆譯真題

　　Section 1 Translation

　　Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英譯漢)

　　Translate the following passage into Chinese.

　　Alice Munro, winner of the 2013 Nobel Prize in Literature, once observed: “The complexity of things — the things within things — just seems to be endless. I mean nothing is easy, nothing is simple.”

　　That is also a perfect deion of Ms. Munro’s quietly radiant short stories — stories that have established her as one of the foremost practitioners of the form. Set largely in small-town and rural Canada and often focused on the lives of girls and women, her tales have the swoop and density of big, intimate novels, mapping the crevices of characters’ hearts with cleareyed Chekhovian empathy and wisdom.

　　Fluent and deceptively artless on the page, these stories are actually amazingly intricate constructions that move back and forth in time, back and forth between reality and memory, opening out, magically, to disclose the long panoramic vistas in these people’s lives (the starts, stops and reversals that stand out as hinge moments in their personal histories) and the homely details of their day-to-day routines: the dull coping with “food and mess and houses” that can take up so much of their heroines’ time.

　　Ms. Munro’s stories possess an emotional amplitude and a psychological density . Her understanding of the music of domestic life, her ability to simultaneously detail her characters’ inner landscapes and their place in a meticulously observed community, and her talent for charting “the progress of love” as it morphs and mutates through time — these gifts have not only helped Ms. Munro redefine the contours of the contemporary short story, but have also made her one of today’s most influential writers.

　　In short fiction that spans four and a half decades. Ms. Munro has given us prismatic portraits of ordinary people that reveal their intelligence, toughness and capacity to dream, as well as their lies, blind spots and lapses of courage and good will. Such deions are delivered not with judgmental accountancy, but with the sort of “unsparing unsentimental love” harbored by a close friend or family member.

　　Like Ms. Munro, many of the women in these stories grew up in small towns in Canada and, at some point, faced a decision about whether to stay or to leave for the wider world. Their lifetimes often span decades of startling social change — from a time and place when tea parties and white gloves were de rigueur to the days of health food stores and stripper bars.

　　For that matter, Ms. Munro’s women, often find themselves caught on the margins of shifting cultural mores and pulled between conflicting imperatives — between rootedness and escape, domesticity and freedom, between tending to familial responsibilities or following the urgent promptings of their own hearts.

　　In story after story, passion is the magnet or the motor that drives women’s choices. Love and sex, and marriage and adultery are often mirrors that reveal a Munro heroine’s expectations — her fondest dreams and cruel self-delusions, her sense of independence and need to belong.

　　Ms. Munro is adept at tracing the many configurations that intimacy can take over the years, showing how it can suffocate a marriage or inject it with a renewed sense of devotion. She shows how sexual ardor can turn into a “tidy pilot flame” and how an impulsive tryst can become a treasured memory, hoarded as a bulwark against the banalities of middle age.

　　Illness and death frequently intrude upon these stories, and the reader is constantly reminded of the precariousness of life — and the role that luck, chance and reckless, spur-of-the-moment choices can play. Some of Ms. Munro’s characters embrace change as a liberating force that will lift them out of their humdrum routines, or at least satisfy their avid curiosity about life. Others regard it with fearful dismay, worried that they will lose everything they hold dear — or at least everything familiar.

　　Part 2 Chinese-English Translation (漢譯英)

　　Translate the following passage into English.

　　現(xiàn)代西方的中國(guó)學(xué)大致經(jīng)歷了兩個(gè)代際的變化。第一代是歷史主義流派主導(dǎo)的，第二代是意識(shí)形態(tài)至上流派所主導(dǎo)的。當(dāng)代西方對(duì)中國(guó)的認(rèn)知，不論是學(xué)術(shù)界或大眾媒體，都深受這兩大代際和流派的影響。

　　現(xiàn)代中國(guó)學(xué)研究的第一代，可以追溯到20世紀(jì)初。他們用歷史主義的語(yǔ)境研究現(xiàn)代中國(guó)，研究方法深受中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化影響，研究領(lǐng)域涵蓋了中國(guó)的政治、歷史、社會(huì)狀況和引領(lǐng)中國(guó)現(xiàn)代史的領(lǐng)袖人物。

　　中國(guó)學(xué)的第二代，始于89年，在后冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)代的意識(shí)形態(tài)狂熱中誕生。這一時(shí)期的研究，陷入自由民主或?qū)Ｖ篇?dú)裁的意識(shí)形態(tài)兩元對(duì)立。在研究取向上，強(qiáng)調(diào)政治立場(chǎng)先行和意識(shí)形態(tài)掛帥，目的只有一個(gè)，即證明中國(guó)的政治制度必然崩潰。可惜，這一代流派的研究一再被中國(guó)成功發(fā)展的事實(shí)證偽，備受質(zhì)疑。

　　最近幾十年來(lái)，中國(guó)全方位快速崛起，其巨大影響波及至世界各個(gè)角落。全球政治、歷史、經(jīng)濟(jì)研究的頂尖人士，紛紛聚焦中國(guó)，希望探究這一歷史重大事件的深遠(yuǎn)含義。

　　當(dāng)下，中國(guó)學(xué)正迎來(lái)一個(gè)新的代際，即第三代。第三代中國(guó)學(xué)發(fā)端于新的形勢(shì)背景下，研究方法和取向都不同以往。這一代際的演進(jìn)，將推動(dòng)中國(guó)學(xué)從基礎(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)型，并對(duì)世界對(duì)中國(guó)的認(rèn)知產(chǎn)生決定性影響。

　　這個(gè)群體不再象前兩代那樣限于中國(guó)通，而是來(lái)自各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。第三代中國(guó)學(xué)呈現(xiàn)的一個(gè)趨向可以稱(chēng)為實(shí)證派，即以收集客觀數(shù)據(jù)為基本研究方法，客觀分析中國(guó)的治理模式。

　　真題及答案5：

　　大學(xué)英語(yǔ)MTI英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題

　　第一大題：短語(yǔ)翻譯

　　OPEC

　　BRICS

　　BRI

　　SDGs

　　UNEP

　　ChatGPT

　　green methanol

　　common prosperity for all

　　internet of things

　　virtual reality

　　global security initiative

　　craftsmanship spirit

　　renewable energy

　　bio-medicine

　　supply chain

　　翻譯：

　　納米技術(shù)

　　基因編輯

　　疫苗接種

　　監(jiān)事會(huì)

　　干細(xì)胞

　　上市公司

　　文化霸權(quán)

　　智慧城市

　　碳中和

　　小微企業(yè)

　　量子計(jì)算機(jī)

　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)空間治理

　　主權(quán)國(guó)家

　　國(guó)際秩序

　　歷史唯物主義

　　第二大題：篇章翻譯

　　Comparative evidence is also growing to show why countries decide to remove legal barriers for women. Policies empowering women strengthen the economy and are critical for lasting progress in development. Slowing global growth, the rising risks of climate change, conflict, and the lingering effects of COVID-19 have dealt a major setback to this progress in recent years — with disproportionate effects on the lives and livelihoods of women. Equal treatment of women under the law is associated with larger numbers of women entering and remaining in the labor force and rising to managerial positions. It generates higher wages for women and facilitates more women owning a business. Reforming in ways that encourage women to contribute to the economy as employees and entrepreneurs will both level the playing field and make the economy more dynamic and resilient in the face of shocks.

　　Since its inauguration in 2018, the China International Import Expo (CIIE) has emerged as a defining platform symbolizing China’s dedication to promoting high-standard opening up and sharing development gains with the global community. The CIIE embodies China’s commitment to driving economic globalization and cooperation aimed at collective prosperity. The CIIE signifies China’s support for multilateral trade and determination to uphold free and open markets amid rising protectionism. By providing businesses worldwide access to China’s vast market, the CIIE enables deals worth billions, allows debuts for thousands of new products and facilitates participation from over 100 countries in each edition. The CIIE has become an ‘international public good’ that creates vast opportunities for global enterprises, even attracting companies from countries with tense political relations with China. Hence, the CIIE reflects China’s adherence to advancing high-standard opening up that imparts benefits across national boundaries.

　　While global average temperatures are already exceeding 1.1°C above pre-industrial levels, current plans reflected in the nationally determined contributions (NDCs) are putting us on a path towards 2.4°C–2.6°C by the end of the century. Even if the rise in temperature eventually slows as a result of more ambitious collective climate change mitigation efforts, climate risks will accelerate with every fraction of a degree because of the compounding and cascading nature of climate-related impacts. Residual climate risks, that is, risks remaining after ambitious adaptation efforts, will persist even if the Paris Agreement goals are reached. Residual climate risks, in turn, will inevitably lead to both economic and non-economic losses and damages. This demonstrates the importance of accelerating and scaling up both mitigation and adaptation action, to respectively avert catastrophic climate change and minimize the climate impacts that remain.

　　翻譯

　　改革開(kāi)放40多年來(lái)，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，平均10%以上的高速增長(zhǎng)保持了30多年，被國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者稱(chēng)為“中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)奇跡”。在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)史上，許多國(guó)家高速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)都不超過(guò)十年，但是中國(guó)作為一個(gè)巨型經(jīng)濟(jì)體，高速經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)超過(guò)了30年，形成了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)史上的奇跡，令世界刮目相看。中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)奇跡不僅改變了世界格局，也是現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論無(wú)法解釋的，在傳統(tǒng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)理論體系中，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)充滿了“矛盾”，“不可能”，“不尋常”和“反邏輯”。

　　中國(guó)式民主是生活化的民主，包含兩層含義。首先，民主在基層得到了廣泛而深入的發(fā)展。基層群眾自治制度是中國(guó)特色社會(huì)主義三大基本政治制度之一，是中國(guó)基層民主的主要形式，是人民在農(nóng)村、城市社區(qū)和企業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)當(dāng)家作主權(quán)利的制度保障。其次，民主在各個(gè)層面的工作領(lǐng)域都得到了比較切實(shí)的落實(shí)。在各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部的選任過(guò)程中，民主測(cè)評(píng)是不可缺少的環(huán)節(jié)。中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的多黨合作和政治協(xié)商制度是中國(guó)的一項(xiàng)基本政治制度。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái)，中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨一直推動(dòng)這一制度不斷發(fā)展完善。

　　九寨溝的美首先在于色彩繽紛的“海子”（高山湖泊）。在翠綠蒼茫的原始森林中，數(shù)十座雪峰高插云霄，峰頂終年雪光閃閃。100多個(gè)大大小小的湖泊就像顆顆璀璨的寶石，鑲嵌在彩帶般的山谷中。這些湖泊相傳是男神向女神求愛(ài)時(shí)送給她的100多面鏡子。小的只有半畝左右，大的達(dá)千畝以上。湖底為乳白色的可溶性石灰?guī)r，湖水清澈見(jiàn)底，藍(lán)天、白云、雪山、森林倒映湖中，五光十色，美麗如畫(huà)。沃諾色莫山旁邊有著名的五花海，湖面圓形，據(jù)說(shuō)是女神沃諾色莫梳妝時(shí)用的鏡子。

　　真題及答案6：

　　四級(jí)翻譯（11.11）

　　中國(guó)的儒家文化也強(qiáng)調(diào)守信，“信”甚至被作為“五常”中的重要內(nèi)容確定下來(lái)。在我們的傳統(tǒng)文化背景中，人與人之間的信任主要靠靠血緣、姻緣、地緣、人緣，而不是靠規(guī)則，靠契約。近幾十年來(lái)，雷霆萬(wàn)鈞的市場(chǎng)化改革有力地推動(dòng)了中國(guó)的社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型，動(dòng)搖了長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)形成的血緣、地緣與業(yè)緣關(guān)系，沖擊了傳統(tǒng)的熟人社會(huì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系和熟人信任。市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展促使陌生人之間的信任逐漸增加，按規(guī)則辦事成為越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)人的行為習(xí)慣。在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的背景下，中國(guó)人只有遵守規(guī)則，才能盡快地融入國(guó)際社會(huì)。拋棄契約精神耍弄小聰明的人，無(wú)視契約精神把小聰明用的極好的民族，最終將喪失獲取大智慧的機(jī)會(huì)。在現(xiàn)代化的洪流中，中國(guó)不僅需要更多的資金、技術(shù)和科學(xué)管理，更需要契約精神。

　　答案與解析:

　　Chinese Confucian culture also values fidelity, which even has been fixed as a key point in “Five Constant Virtues(benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and fidelity).In our traditional culture background, the interpersonal trust is mainly relied on consanguinity, marriage affinity, geographical and personal ties rather than on rules and contracts. In recent decades, the market-oriented reform pushes the transition of Chinese society with the force of a thunderbolt, shaking the long-established blood, geographic and working relationship and impacting the traditional acquaintances social networks and the trust between acquaintances. The development of market economy promotes the increasing trust between strangers, forming gradually the practices of more and more people acting in accordance with rules. Under the globalization of world economy, only obeying the rules can Chinese enter into international society as soon as possible. Those who want to live by their wits regardless of the contract spirit or that kind of people will lose the opportunity of achieving great wisdom. In the torrent of modernization, China needs not only more capital, technology and scientific administration, but also the contract spirit.

　　信 fidelity“五常” ：“Five Constant Virtues血緣、姻緣、地緣、人緣：consanguinity, marriage affinity, geographical and personal ties

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯（11.13）

　　長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，中美兩國(guó)人民一直相互抱有濃厚的興趣和友好的感情。中國(guó)人民欣賞美國(guó)人民的開(kāi)拓進(jìn)取精神，欽佩美國(guó)人民在建設(shè)國(guó)家中取得的驕人業(yè)績(jī)。隨著中國(guó)的快速發(fā)展和中美合作的不斷拓展，越來(lái)越多的美國(guó)人也把目光投向中國(guó)，更加關(guān)注中國(guó)的發(fā)展進(jìn)步。

　　答案與解析:

　　The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in each other and cared deeply about each other.The Chinese people admire the pioneering and enterprising spirit of the Americans and their proud achievement in national development.As China develops rapidly and steady headways is made in China and US cooperation,more and more Americans are following with great interest in Chinas progress and development.

　　開(kāi)拓進(jìn)取精神：the pioneering and enterprising spirit 隨著...的快速發(fā)展 : As ...develops rapidly

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯（11.12）

　　我們的現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)，必須從中國(guó)的實(shí)際出發(fā)。無(wú)論是革命還是建設(shè)，都要注意學(xué)習(xí)和借鑒外國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。但是，照抄照搬別國(guó)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、別國(guó)模式，從來(lái)不能得到成功。這方面我們有過(guò)不少教訓(xùn)。把馬克思主義的普遍真理同我國(guó)的具體實(shí)際結(jié)合起來(lái)，走自己的道路，建設(shè)有中國(guó)特色的社會(huì)主義，這就是我們總結(jié)長(zhǎng)期歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)得出的基本結(jié)論。

　　答案與解析:

　　Our countrys modernization must start from the reality of China.Either on the revolution or the construction we need to learn and draw the experience from the foreign countries.But we will never win the success if we mechanically copy other countriesexperience or formats.We have already had the lesson in this aspect.It is the basic conclusion which we summarized the long-term historical experience that we should combine the Marxisms univertsal truth with our specific situation together,walking on our own roads and building up the socialism with Chinese characteristic.

　　無(wú)論是...還是... :Either...or這方面: in this aspect

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯（11.10）

　　進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)，世界形勢(shì)繼續(xù)發(fā)生深刻變化，多極化與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化在曲折中深入發(fā)展，科技進(jìn)步突飛猛進(jìn)，人類(lèi)社會(huì)前進(jìn)的步伐加快，新情況、新矛盾層出不窮。維護(hù)世界和平、促進(jìn)共同發(fā)展是各國(guó)人民的共同使命。國(guó)際社會(huì)在探索與實(shí)踐中，更加深刻地認(rèn)識(shí)到，應(yīng)該站在時(shí)代發(fā)展和人類(lèi)進(jìn)步的高度，以合作謀和平，以合作促發(fā)展，努力擴(kuò)大各國(guó)利益的匯合點(diǎn)，尋求互利共贏。中國(guó)的和平發(fā)展道路是一條在維護(hù)世界和平中發(fā)展自己，又以自身發(fā)展促進(jìn)世界和平的道路；就是要以科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為指導(dǎo)，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面，協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，努力構(gòu)建社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)。

　　答案與解析：

　　Since entering the 21st century the world has continued to undergo profound changes.World multipolarization and economic globalization are developing in greater depth amid twists and turns.Science and technology are making rapid progress as human society advances at accelerated pace.New situations and new contraditions keep cropping up without letup.Maintaining world peace and promoting common development remain the mission of all countries in the world.Thanks to its exploration and practice,the international community has arrived at a deeper understanding that it must secure peace and promote development through cooperation in the interest of progressing times and human advancement and seek mutual benefits and win-win results by earnestly expanding the convergence of interests of all countries.Chinas peaceful development is a path of developing itself while maintaining world peace and promoting world peace with its own development.With the guideline of the concept of scientific development,China will achieve a comprehensive,coordinated and sustainbale development and build a harmonious socialist society.

　　深刻的：profound 多極化：multipolarization 突然出現(xiàn)：crop up 全面，協(xié)調(diào)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展：a comprehensive,coordinated and sustainbale development社會(huì)主義和諧社會(huì)：harmonious socialist society

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯（11.9）

　　中華民族的傳統(tǒng)文化博大精深，源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)。早在2000多年前，就產(chǎn)生了以孔孟為代表的儒家學(xué)說(shuō)和以老莊為代表的道家學(xué)說(shuō)，以及其他許多也在中國(guó)思想史上有地位的學(xué)說(shuō)流派，這就是有名的“諸子百家”。從孔夫子到孫中山，中華民族傳統(tǒng)文化有它的許多珍貴品質(zhì)，許多人民性和民主性的好東西。比如，強(qiáng)調(diào)仁愛(ài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)群體，強(qiáng)調(diào)和而不同，強(qiáng)調(diào)天下為公。特別是“天下興亡，匹夫有責(zé)”的愛(ài)國(guó)情找，“民為邦本”，“民貴君輕”的民本思想，“己所不欲勿施于人”的待人之道，吃苦耐勞，勤儉持家，尊師重教的傳統(tǒng)美德，世代相傳。所有這些，對(duì)家庭，國(guó)家和社會(huì)起到了巨大的維系與調(diào)節(jié)作用。

　　參考答案:

　　The traditional Chinese culture, both extensive and profound, starts far back and runs a long, long course. More than 2,000 years ago, there emerged in China Confucianism represented by Confucius and Mencius, Taoism represented by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and many other theories and doctrines that figured prominently in the history of Chinese thought, all being covered by the famous term” the masters’ hundred schools.” The traditional Chinese culture presents many precious ideas and qualities, which are essentially populist and democratic. For example, they lay stress on the importance of kindness and love in human relations, on the interest of the community, on seeking harmony without uniformity and on the idea that the world is for all. Especially, patriotism as embodied in the saying ”Everybody is responsible for the rise or fall of the country”; the populist ideas that “people are the foundation of the country” and that “people are the more important than the monarch”; the code of conduct of “Treat others as you want to be treated”.And the traditional virtues taught from generation to generation:endurance and hard working diligence and frugality in household management,and respecting teachers and valuing education.All of which have played a great role in binding and regulating the family,the country and the society.

　　英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯（11.6）

　　在找工作的過(guò)程中，有面試，就有曙光。面試的成功與否，除了面試官如何看你的條件及個(gè)人素質(zhì)外，主要取決于他們?nèi)绾卧u(píng)價(jià)你在面試中總的表現(xiàn)，因此，有必要把它當(dāng)作一場(chǎng)演出或比賽來(lái)看待，其目的是向面試官推銷(xiāo)自己，讓他們感到你是干這項(xiàng)工作的最佳人選。大多數(shù)人在面試中處于被動(dòng)地位，竭盡全力回答提出的任何問(wèn)題。一種更好的方法是控制局面，給面試官提供你想給他們的信息，而不是他們想從你這兒發(fā)現(xiàn)的信息：使他們有信心，絕對(duì)相信你是能勝任這項(xiàng)工作的人選，讓他們幾乎沒(méi)有理由相信你不能勝任。信心不僅僅來(lái)自你作出的回答，也產(chǎn)生于你的外表以及你表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的熱情、精力、自信、個(gè)人品質(zhì)和雄心壯志。大多數(shù)面試者沒(méi)能得到工作的主要原因就是他們沒(méi)能使面試官對(duì)他們產(chǎn)生信心。他們敗下陣來(lái)并非是他們不能勝任這項(xiàng)工作，而是他們對(duì)自己能勝任工作的自信沒(méi)能在面試中表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。他們的自己推銷(xiāo)做得還不夠。大多數(shù)人之所以這樣是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)诿嬖嚂r(shí)很緊張，如果每次面試后都沒(méi)有得到工作，不少人覺(jué)得自己是失敗者并變的更為焦慮。這是不實(shí)際的。大多數(shù)面試者都將被拘之門(mén)外。不要想自己是否會(huì)得到這份工作。只需專(zhuān)心參加面試，并竭盡所能，工作自然就會(huì)有著落了。

　　答案與解析:

　　In the process of finding a job, where there is an interview, there is hope. Whether you succeed or not depends not only on how the interviewers look at your qualifications and you personal qualities, mainly depend on how they evaluate your performance in interviews, therefore, its necessary to retreat it as an performance or a contest with the aim to market yourself to the interviewers and make them feel that you are the best to do the job.Most interviewees are in the positive position and try their best to answer all the questions in the interviews. One better way is to control the situation and provide the information that you want to offer, but not the information that they want to find from you: to make them have confidence and absolutely believe that you are the best choice and to make them almost have no reason to believe you cant do it. Confidence not only comes from your answers, also from your appearance and your enthusiasm, energy, confidence, personal quality and ambition.The main reason that most interviewees cant get the job is that they cant make the interviewers become confident in them. They failed not because they cant do the job well, but because they didnt show their confidence during the interview. They didnt do self-marketing well. Most people do so because they are nervous, if they cant get the job after each interview, many people will feel that they are loser and become more anxious. It is not practical. Most interviewers will be refused. Dont think whether you can get the job or not. You only need to concentrate on interview and try your best, you naturally can get the job.

　　在...過(guò)程中可以譯為“In the process of....” 不是因?yàn)?..而是因?yàn)?.. 可以譯為“ not because... , but because....”

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