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高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)解析
上學(xué)期間，很多人都經(jīng)常追著老師們要知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧，知識(shí)點(diǎn)也可以理解為考試時(shí)會(huì)涉及到的知識(shí)，也就是大綱的分支。還在苦惱沒有知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)嗎？以下是小編整理的高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)解析，歡迎閱讀與收藏。
高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)解析 1
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯總結(jié)
1. impression n. 印記;印象;感想;后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 從句; My first impression of him was favorable.他給我的第一印象非常討人喜歡。 I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 他們給我的印象是他們對(duì)這個(gè)情形不是很開心。
知識(shí)拓展：impress v.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;使感動(dòng);常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記; It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字。
2. remind v.提醒;使想起;常用結(jié)構(gòu)有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事;remind sb.+(that)/wh-從句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……;remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意識(shí)到……;提醒某人某事 Im sorry, but Ive forgotten your name, can you remind me? 很抱歉，我忘記你叫什么名字了，你能提醒一下嗎?
You remind me of your father when you say that. 說(shuō)到那的時(shí)候，我想起了你的父親。
知識(shí)拓展：reminder n.提醒物;引起回憶的事物
3. constantly adv.始終;一直;重復(fù)不斷地 Fashion is constantly changing.時(shí)尚總是日新月異。 知識(shí)拓展：constant adj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的;不斷的;重復(fù)的;
4. previous adj.先前的;以往的;(時(shí)間上)稍前的;
No previous experience is necessary for this job. 以往的經(jīng)驗(yàn)對(duì)這項(xiàng)工作不是很有必要。
I couldnt believe it when I heard the news.我聽到這個(gè)消息的時(shí)候，我覺得簡(jiǎn)直令人那以置信。
I had only seen him the previous day. 我只在幾天前見到過他。
知識(shí)拓展：previously adv. 先前的;早先
The building had previously been used as a hotel.這棟建筑早些時(shí)候被用作旅館。
5. bend v.(bent bent)彎曲;使彎曲;彎腰;彎身;常用搭配有: bend ones mind/efforts
to sth. 致力于某事 bend sb.to sth. 迫使;說(shuō)服 bend the truth 歪曲事實(shí) Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下頭吻了她的女兒。
6. press v. 壓;按;推;擠;堅(jiān)持;敦促 n. 報(bào)章雜志，新聞工作者，新聞界 She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手絹捂住鼻子。 She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油門踏板。 He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍堅(jiān)持索賠。 The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭審謝絕新聞采訪。
7. switch n. & v. 用作名詞表示“開關(guān);轉(zhuǎn)換”。用作動(dòng)詞表示“轉(zhuǎn)換”。 She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 她生第一個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候調(diào)整了工作，把全職工作轉(zhuǎn)換成了兼職工作。 Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按這兩個(gè)鍵來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)換屏幕上的文件。
I cant work next week, will you switch with me? 下周我不想上班，你能和我換一下班。
8. lack n. & v. 用作名詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺”;用作動(dòng)詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺;沒有;不足”。 a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金錢/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因?yàn)槿狈εd趣這次旅行被取消了。 He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。
知識(shí)拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏;沒有;匱乏;不足
9. surroundings n.環(huán)境;surround v. 圍繞;環(huán)繞 surrounding adj. 周圍的`;附近的 Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings. 每個(gè)人都喜歡在愉快的環(huán)境中工作。
10. catch/gain/get sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出;lose sight of 看不見,忘記; lose ones sight 失明;at first sight 一見就;乍看起來(lái);at (the) sight of 一看見就……;be in sight 看得見，在眼前;out of sight 看不見At first sight, the problem seems easy. 乍一看，這個(gè)問題似乎很簡(jiǎn)單。 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. 小男孩一看到老師就跑了。 The island is still in sight. 小島仍然在眼前。
Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見，心不煩。
11. take up：to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用(時(shí)間);占據(jù)(空間);to learn to or start to do sth 開始做(某項(xiàng)工作);開始從事;to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受(建議或能得到的東西) The table takes up too much room. 這張桌子太占地兒。 They have taken up golf. 他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來(lái)了。 She took up his offer of a drink. 他請(qǐng)她喝一杯，她接受了。 He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要開始履行職責(zé)。
12. sweep up 打掃;清掃;橫掃;涌向;快速地抱起 He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里
二、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：
Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. Well-known for their expertise, his parents’ company …..
Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. Exhausted, I slid into the bed and fell fast asleep. 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況，其等同于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。vt 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)與主句主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示被動(dòng)和完成，vi 過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或動(dòng)作的完成。
1. 作原因狀語(yǔ)，等于as / since / because 引導(dǎo)從句
Moved by what she said ,we couldn’t help crying . = ( As we are moved by what she said …
2. 作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，等于when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間從句，如果分詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可在分詞前加when/ while / until 等使時(shí)間意義更明確。 When heated , water can be changed into steam .
Seen from the hill ,the park looks very beautiful .= ( When the park is seen from the hill…
3. 作條件狀語(yǔ)等于 if / whether 引導(dǎo)從句
Given more attention , the cabbages could have grown better .= ( If they have been given more attention ….
Compared with you , we still have a long way to go = ( If we are compared with you …
4. 作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)
The actress came in , followed by her fans . She sat by the window , lost in thought .
5. 作讓步狀語(yǔ)
Much tired ,he still kept on working .=(Although he was tired ,) he ….
6. 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)： 當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)不是主句主語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯主語(yǔ)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。常用來(lái)表示伴隨情況。 The boy rushed into the classroom , his face covered with sweat . All things considered ,your article is of great value than hers .
【同步練習(xí)題】
I. 單項(xiàng)選擇。
1. In the past, people used to _____ on foot or by horse.
A. traveling B. traveled C. travel D. be travel
2. She’s still not used to _____ in China.
A. live B. the life C. lived D. lives
3. People will also take vacations _____ other planets.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
4. Will there still _____ banks in the future?
A. have B. need C. go to D. be
5. ____ do you think will shopping be like in the future?
A. How B. What C. Which D. Why
6. There will be great increase _____ farming.
A. about B. in C. from D. on
7. There will be personal web pages _____ the five senses.
A. have B. use C. with D. make
8. Where ______ in ten years’ time?
A. were you B. will you be C. are you D. have you been
9. Where ______ just now?
A. were you B. will you be C. are you going D. have you gone
10. What ______ I do first?
A. will B. am C. shall D. was
II. 完成句子。
1. 明天下午我們學(xué)校將有一場(chǎng)籃球賽。
There a basketball match tomorrow.
2. 我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雪。
I it tomorrow.
3. 今天下午和我去看好嗎?
to see a film with me this afternoon?
4. 我們昨天在晚會(huì)上玩得很愉快。
We at the party yesterday.
5. 他們將到其他星球上度假。
They will on other planets.
6. 湯姆每天步行上學(xué)。
Tom every day.
【試題答案】
I. 1—5 CBBDB 6—10 BCBAC
II. 1. will be, in our school 2. don’t think, will snow 3. Would you like
4. enjoyed ourselves 5. take vacations 6. goes to school on foot
高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)必修五知識(shí)點(diǎn)重難點(diǎn)解析 2
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Unit1 Great scientists
【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】
1. put forward 提出
2. conclude 結(jié)束，結(jié)論
3. draw a conclusion 得出結(jié)論
4. defeat 打敗
5. attend 照顧，護(hù)理，出席
6. expose to 使顯露
7. cure 治愈，治療
8. challenge 挑戰(zhàn)
9. suspect 懷疑，被懷疑者
10. blame 責(zé)備
11. handle 柄，把手，處理，掌控
12. link 聯(lián)系，連接
13. link to 將…和…連接
14. announce 宣布
15. contribute 捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)
16. apart from 除了
17. be strict with 對(duì)…嚴(yán)格
18. make sense 講的通，有意義
19. spin 使旋轉(zhuǎn)
20. reject 拒絕，拋棄
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. What do you know about infectious diseases?
你對(duì)傳染性疾病了解多少?
2. John Snow was a famous doctor in London – so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
約翰斯諾是倫敦一位著名的醫(yī)生——他的確醫(yī)術(shù)精湛，因而成為維多利亞女王的私人大夫。
3. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
但當(dāng)他一想到要幫助患了霍亂的普通老百姓，他就感到很振奮。
4. Neither its cause, nor its cure was understood.
人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法。
5. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.
他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無(wú)法控制的。
6. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.
第二種看法是在吃飯的時(shí)候人們把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。
7. John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.
約翰斯諾猜想第二個(gè)理論是正確的，但他需要證據(jù)。
8. It seemed that the water was to blame.
看來(lái)要?dú)w罪于飲用水了。
9. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
約翰斯諾馬上叫寬街上驚惶失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手，這樣水泵就用不成了。
10. In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.
在倫敦的另一個(gè)地區(qū)，他從兩個(gè)與寬街爆發(fā)的霍亂有關(guān)聯(lián)的死亡病例中又發(fā)現(xiàn)了有力證據(jù)。
【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】
定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)
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一. 過去分詞作表語(yǔ)
作表語(yǔ)用的過去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于形容詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)主謂關(guān)系；被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者還可以用by短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。
1. 過去分詞做表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異:
The store is now closed.(系表)
The library is usually closed at 8:00 p.m. (被動(dòng))
2. 某些過去分詞作表語(yǔ)，多半用來(lái)表示人物所處的心理狀態(tài)或情感變化, 其主語(yǔ)主要是人。
這類過去分詞通常為下列過去分詞: delighted, devoted, discouraged , astonished, frightened, excited, inspired, encouraged, interested, contented, pleased, puzzled, satisfied, tired, worried, ect .
二. 過去分詞作定語(yǔ)
作定語(yǔ)的過去分詞相當(dāng)于形容詞，其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，既表被動(dòng)又表完成；不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語(yǔ)，只表完成。
1. 過去分詞用作定語(yǔ)，如果是單個(gè)的，置于其所修飾的名詞之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我們必須使我們的思想適應(yīng)改變了的情況。
2. 過去分詞短語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，置于其所修飾的名詞之后，其意義相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，但較從句簡(jiǎn)潔，多用于書面語(yǔ)中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
他們朋友舉行的音樂會(huì)大為成功。
3. 過去分詞短語(yǔ)有時(shí)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后常有逗號(hào)。
The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero.
他們舉行了歡迎英雄的大會(huì)，到會(huì)的有五千多人。
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Unit2 The United Kingdom
【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】
1. consist 組成，在于，一致
2. consist of 由…組成
3. divide…into 把…分成
4. break away from 脫離
5. to one’s credit 在…的名下，為…帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)
6. attract 吸引，引起注意
7. leave out 省去，遺漏，不考慮
8. plus 加上，和，正的
9. take the place of 代替
10. break down 損壞，破壞
11. arrange 安排
12. fold 折疊，對(duì)折
13. delight 快樂，高興，喜悅
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. How many countries does the UK consist of?
聯(lián)合王國(guó)由幾個(gè)國(guó)家組成?
2. You can easily clarify this question if you study British history.
如果你學(xué)習(xí)了英國(guó)歷史，很容易就能弄清楚這個(gè)問題。
3. Happily this was accomplished without conflict when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.
令人高興的是，這件事沒有引起沖突就完成了，那時(shí)候蘇格蘭的詹姆斯國(guó)王也成為了英格蘭和威爾士的國(guó)王。
4. However, the southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.
然而，愛爾蘭的南部卻不愿意而分離出去了，并建立了自己的政府。
5. To their credit the four countries do work together in some areas.
值得表?yè)P(yáng)的是，這四個(gè)國(guó)家的確在一些方面共同合作。
6. England is the largest of the four countries, and for convenience it is divided roughly into three zones.
在這四個(gè)國(guó)家中，英格蘭最大，為了方便起見，它大致被分為了三個(gè)地區(qū)。
7. You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable and worthwhile.
如果你想要使你的英國(guó)之旅愉快又有意義，你就必須留心觀察。
8. Worried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于擔(dān)心時(shí)間不夠，張萍玉早就把她想在倫敦參觀的地點(diǎn)列了一張單子。
9. It looked splendid when first built.
剛建成的時(shí)候，它看起來(lái)真是金碧輝煌。
10. What interested her most was the longitude line.
她最感興趣的'是那條經(jīng)線。
【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】
過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)
過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)，過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作和賓語(yǔ)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
一. 能接過去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有三類：
1. 表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如：see, hear, feel, watch, notice；think（認(rèn)為）, consider, find等。
We saw the thief caught by the police.
我看見小偷被警察抓住了。
We thought the game lost.
我們認(rèn)為球賽輸了。
2. 表示“致使”或“保持某狀態(tài)”意義的動(dòng)詞，如：make, get, have, keep, leave等。
Don’t leave such an important thing undone.
不要讓這么重要的事沒有人做。
He had his hat blown away on his way home.
在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。
3. 表示“希望、要求、命令”等動(dòng)詞，如：want, wish, like, expect, order等。
I want the house white-washed before we move in.
我想要房子在我搬進(jìn)去之前粉刷完。
He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting.
他不喜歡在會(huì)上討論這樣的問題。
二. "with +賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)
"with +賓語(yǔ)+過去分詞"結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞用作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間，方式，條件，原因等狀語(yǔ)。例如：
1. The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.兇手被帶進(jìn)來(lái)了,他的雙手被綁在背后.(表方式)
2. With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加熱,我們就會(huì)看到水蒸氣.(表?xiàng)l件)
3. With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解決,我們都回家了.(表原因)
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Unit3 Life in the Future
【重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)】
1. impression 印象，感想
2. take up 拿起，開始，繼續(xù)
3. constant 時(shí)常發(fā)生的，連續(xù)不斷的
4. previous 在前的，早先的
5. guide 指導(dǎo)，向?qū)?/p>
6. lack 缺乏，沒有
7. lose sight of 看不見
8. sweep up 橫掃
9. slide into 移動(dòng)，溜進(jìn)
10. optimistic 樂觀的
11. speed up 加速
12. desert 沙漠
13. instant 瞬間，片刻
14. settlement 定居，解決
【重點(diǎn)句型】
1. I have to remind myself constantly that I am really in AD 3008.
我得不斷提醒自己我真的到公元3008年了。
2. At first my new surroundings were difficult to tolerate.
開始的時(shí)候,新的環(huán)境讓我難以忍受。
3. The air seemed thin, as though its combination of gases had little oxygen left.
空氣似乎很稀薄，好像在混合的氣體中剩下的氧氣很少。
4. Hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached.
由于缺乏新鮮空氣，我感到頭痛。
5. Soon I was back on my feet again and following him to collect a hovering carriage driven by computer.
很快我又重新振作起來(lái)，然后跟隨他領(lǐng)取了一部由電腦控制的氣墊車。
6. However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too many carriages flying by in all directions.
可是，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)一個(gè)看上去像大市場(chǎng)的地方時(shí)，由于太多車子朝四面八方飛奔，我看不見王平了。
7. He was swept up into the center of them.
他被卷入到這群車隊(duì)中去了。
8. Arriving at a strange-looking house, he showed me into a large, bright clean room.
到了一幢看上去很奇怪的房子里，他把握帶到一個(gè)明亮而清潔的大房間。
9. I found later that their leaves provided the room with much-needed oxygen.
后來(lái)我才發(fā)現(xiàn)，就是這些樹的葉子為這棟房屋提供了最急需的氧氣。
【語(yǔ)法總結(jié)】
過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)
過去分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，可表示時(shí)間，原因，條件等，可發(fā)展為一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)。
過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的具體用法：
1. 過去分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.
當(dāng)他被問問題的時(shí)候,他低下了頭。
2. 過去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didnt dare to sleep alone.
因?yàn)楹ε吕匣? 這個(gè)女孩不敢單獨(dú)睡覺。
3. 過去分詞作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果種在肥沃的土壤里， 這些種子能長(zhǎng)得很快。
4. 過去分詞作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。例如：
Left (Although he was left) at home, John didnt feel afraid at all.
雖然John被單獨(dú)留在房間里, 他一點(diǎn)都不害怕。
5. 過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示伴隨動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。例如：
The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.
老師進(jìn)入教室，后面跟著一幫學(xué)生。
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