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情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣二輪復(fù)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
考點(diǎn)一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法
1.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞用were)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。例如：
①I(mǎi)f it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party.
A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not
解析 句意為：如果不是因?yàn)樗粫?huì)唱歌的事實(shí)，我會(huì)邀請(qǐng)她來(lái)參加那次聚會(huì)的。that從句為同位語(yǔ)從句，描述的是事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。正確答案為C。
2.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去完成時(shí)+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如：
If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day.
A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining
解析 句意為：如果天氣好的話，我們是能夠去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陳述的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的事情，所以用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣。“下了一天的雨”是事實(shí)，所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。因?yàn)槭前l(fā)生在過(guò)去的事實(shí)，所以正確答案為A。
3.與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+動(dòng)詞原形+其他成分。例如：
If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.
A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to
解析 句意為：如果我能夠計(jì)劃做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且盡可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。
考點(diǎn)二、含蓄虛擬條件句
這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but for/without/or/otherwise等引導(dǎo)的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與前面虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法相同。例如：
Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you.
A.can manage B.could have managed
C.could managed D.can have managed
解析 由語(yǔ)境可知這里要表達(dá)的意思是：如果沒(méi)有你們辛勤的工作，我們不可能處理好這件事。很顯然，這是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事實(shí)的虛擬，所以要用could have done，故應(yīng)選B。
考點(diǎn)三、主從句時(shí)間不一致的虛擬條件句
在有些虛擬條件句中，主從句時(shí)間不一致，應(yīng)根據(jù)不同情況區(qū)別對(duì)待。例如：
It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen
C.should fall D.were to fall
解析 句意為：如果不是我在七歲時(shí)愛(ài)上家鄉(xiāng)的Melinda Cox圖書(shū)館的話，很難想象今天的我會(huì)是什么樣子。主句描述的是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的事情，從句描述的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的事情。正確答案為B。
考點(diǎn)四、名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
在含有表示堅(jiān)持、建議、命令、要求等含義的名詞性從句和在it做形式賓語(yǔ)或形式主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“驚奇、惋惜或者理應(yīng)如此”等含義時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，其中should可以省略。例如：
—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York?
—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to.
A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that
C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what
解析 問(wèn)句句意為：難道你不認(rèn)為必須把他送到邁阿密而不是紐約嗎?句子表示理應(yīng)如此的意思。正確答案為B。
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)透析
考點(diǎn)一、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本含義的考查
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義，一直是高考考查的重要內(nèi)容。例如：
1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
解析：考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或過(guò)去常常;could傾向于表示經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期訓(xùn)練而獲得的能力;was able to 表示經(jīng)過(guò)努力而能夠做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是C。
分析：高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本含義的考查，仍然集中在常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞上。對(duì)常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義，要掌握的既準(zhǔn)確又要全面，特別是shall, should, can, may 四個(gè)常用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義較多，不易理解，復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)引起重視。
二、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的考查
對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法，是高考考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)重要方面。例如：
1. Sorry, I’m late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again .
A. might B. should C. can D. will
解析：might have done : (過(guò)去)可能做過(guò)某事;shouldhave done :本應(yīng)該做某事。根據(jù)本句提供的情境I’m late 表明說(shuō)話人可能把鬧鐘關(guān)上了。答案是：A。
分析：高考對(duì)表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞集中在must, can, could, may, might上，準(zhǔn)確掌握它們使用的場(chǎng)合，是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵。Must 用于肯定陳述句，表示肯定推測(cè);can, could用于疑問(wèn)或否定陳述句，表示可能性推測(cè);may, might用于陳述句，表示可能性推測(cè);用于否定陳述句中，can’t (不可能)的語(yǔ)氣比may not(可能不)強(qiáng)。此外，還要注意有對(duì)過(guò)去和對(duì)現(xiàn)在兩種情況的推測(cè),對(duì)過(guò)去推測(cè)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done ，對(duì)現(xiàn)在推測(cè)用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ 動(dòng)詞原形。
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬的考查
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+過(guò)去分詞表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)上相反的情況，也是高考單項(xiàng)選擇題涉及到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)重要方面。
1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should
C. need have D. ought to have
解析：ought to have done 表示本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際沒(méi)做，should do 表示現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該做某事，與題中 at yesterday’s party 表示的時(shí)間不一致。所以選D。
分析：高考對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬‘用法，表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況。近幾年高考，主要側(cè)重should (not)have done 這一句式上，表示本來(lái)不該做卻做了或本來(lái)該做卻未做的事，在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，還應(yīng)關(guān)注其它幾種虛擬形式，如need (not)have done 表示本來(lái)需要做而未做或本來(lái)不需要而做的事等等，以做到有備無(wú)患。
考點(diǎn)四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與助動(dòng)詞混合考查
1.Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night?
—I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do .
A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t
解析：had to:不得不;didn’t:沒(méi)來(lái);was going to：打算來(lái);wouldn’t:不愿來(lái)。句意：——湯姆，昨晚你沒(méi)來(lái)參加舞會(huì)嗎?——我本打算來(lái)，但我突然記起有作業(yè)要做。But是關(guān)鍵詞，所以答案是：C。
2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it .
—It’s 86184867.
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
解析：記住電話號(hào)碼并非難事，未完全聽(tīng)清楚電話號(hào)碼并非能力的事，此處只是說(shuō)沒(méi)有完全聽(tīng)清楚電話號(hào)碼，所以，應(yīng)選A。
【精選試題】 名校模擬題及其答案
1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did C. had D. would
2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done.
A. don’t know B. hadn’t known
C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know
3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.”
A. don’t B. hadn’t
C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t
4. It has been raining for a day, but eventhough it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow.
A. can’t get B. won’t get
C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get
5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live B. knew, lives
C. know, lives D. know, lived
6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?”
A. begin B. have begun
C. began D. had begun
7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal.
A. had scored B. scored
C. would score D. would have scored
9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay
C. had lain D. should lie
10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’sheat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
11. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing
12. “It looks as if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.”
A. He’d better give up drinking
B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much
C. Health is more important than drink
D. I wonder why he is always doing so
13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.”
A. do B. are C. will D. would
14. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.”
A. will come B. is coming
C. came D. had come
15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once.
A. should be; be operated on
B. were; must be operated on
C. was; should be operated
D. was; be operated on
16. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung.
A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. Did he give D. If he gave up
17. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.”
A. do B. did C. had D. would
18. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.”
A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
C. know, lives D. know, lived
19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
20. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live.
A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly
C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly
21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.
A. Would you be B. Should you be
C. Could you be D. Might you be
22.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady.
A. might B. need C. should D. would
23.—Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it .
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
24. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.
A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t
25. I ______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened.
A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
26. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
A. should have been doing B. must have been doing
C. could have done D. would have done
28. — I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
— It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green.
A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be
29. — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.
— Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself.
A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done
C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done
30. — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary.
— She _______. I’ve already borrowed one.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
【答案與解析】
1.
【解析】選B.It’s time you did 為 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過(guò)去式。
2.
【解析】選A.雖然前有虛擬條件句, 后有使用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣的賓語(yǔ)，但 I don’t know 卻宜用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，因?yàn)?I don’t know 表述的是現(xiàn)在的真實(shí)情況，句意為“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指現(xiàn)在不知)我會(huì)做出什么蠢事來(lái)”。
3.
【解析】選B.I’d rather 后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)規(guī)律是：用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)，用過(guò)去完成式表示過(guò)去。
4.
【解析】選A.we can’t get there by tomorrow 為客觀事實(shí)，故宜用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
5.
【解析】選B.第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?I wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容。
6.
【解析】選C.It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常用過(guò)去式。
7.
【解析】選 B.此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書(shū)館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么。
8.
【解析】8. 選 D.這是otherwise 引出的含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣，再根據(jù)前面的 hesitated 可進(jìn)一步知道這是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，由此可推知答案選 D.
9.
【解析】選 C.if only意為“要是……就好了”，其后的句子謂語(yǔ)要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，同時(shí)根據(jù) as the doctor instructed 中的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)可知從句是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，故選 C.
10.
【解析】選 A.without 引出的介詞短語(yǔ)為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。
【答案】C
11.
【解析】.根據(jù)上文的語(yǔ)境可知句中的 or 隱含有一個(gè)虛擬的條件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我沒(méi)忘記我在哪兒讀過(guò)這篇文章的話——但事實(shí)上忘了)。
【答案】B
12.
【解析】關(guān)鍵信息是It looks as if he were drunk 中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，句子既然用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也就是說(shuō)，“他喝醉了”不是事實(shí)，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D.
【答案】 D.
13.
【解析】 由于空格后的 if 條件狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣(這是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案應(yīng)選D.
【答案】D
14.
【解析】按照英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，would rather 后接that 從句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)通常要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)， 用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去。
【答案】C
15.
【解析】insist后的從句謂語(yǔ)有時(shí)用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)不用，具體要看該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的含義。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，若該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，或尚未成為事實(shí)，則用虛擬語(yǔ)氣;若該謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，或已經(jīng)成為事實(shí)，則要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。分析上題的句意，可知只有選D最合適。
【答案】D
16.
【解析】是因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)前后有矛盾。由于主句謂語(yǔ)是would not have got，這表明是對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)作出的假設(shè)，所以從句謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是 had given up，而不是像D項(xiàng)那樣用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。另外，當(dāng)虛擬條件句中有 had, should, were 等詞時(shí)，通常可以省略 if，并將 had, should, were 提前置于句首。
【答案】B
17.
【解析】It’s time you did 為 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法，it’s time 后從句通常要用過(guò)去式。
【答案】B
18.
【解析】第一空填 knew，因?yàn)?I wish 后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣(即用過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的想法);第二空要填lives，即用陳述語(yǔ)氣，因?yàn)?where he lives 是一個(gè)客觀事實(shí)，而不是 I wish 的內(nèi)容。
【答案】B
19.
【解析】 此題涉及錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。句意為：要不是在七歲時(shí)就迷上了 Melinda Cox 圖書(shū)館，我真不能想像我如今會(huì)在做什么。
【答案】B
20.
【解析】without 引出的介詞短語(yǔ)為一個(gè)與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的含蓄條件句。
【答案】A
21.
【解析】句意：萬(wàn)一你被解雇，給你的醫(yī)療救助和其它方面的福利也不會(huì)被取消。
【答案】B
22.
【解析】句意：你想象不到這么一個(gè)表現(xiàn)良好的紳士竟然會(huì)對(duì)一個(gè)女士這么粗魯。
【答案】C
23.
【解析】shall此處表示“警告”。
【答案】A
24.
【解析】B此處考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測(cè)的用法。should have done表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做，因此淘汰A項(xiàng)。would不用來(lái)表推測(cè)，因此淘汰C項(xiàng)。B基與D項(xiàng)雖然都可以表示推測(cè)，但B項(xiàng)表肯定意義而D項(xiàng)表示否定推測(cè)，意為“不可能”，根據(jù)句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作;不然，他就不會(huì)在海邊玩得那么愉快了。可知此處需要肯定意義，因此淘汰D項(xiàng)。
25.
【解析】B本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。must表示推測(cè)只能用于肯定句，否定句用can或could 代替。shouldn’t have done 表示“本來(lái)不該而實(shí)際上卻做了某事”.needn’t have done表示“本來(lái)不必而實(shí)際上卻做了”均不合題意。本句的意思是：當(dāng)事故發(fā)生時(shí)我不可能超過(guò)6歲。
26.
【解析】C should(按道理)應(yīng)該;句意：既然你在駕校時(shí)做了大量練習(xí)，那么通過(guò)這次考試?yán)聿粦?yīng)該有困難。
27.
【解析】B 第一句話使用了一般過(guò)去時(shí)，由此可知第二句話是對(duì)過(guò)去事情的猜測(cè)，需用must have done.本題意為“我正在高速公路上行駛，這時(shí)一輛警車(chē)跟隨著著這輛車(chē)從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)。它們一定是以至少每小時(shí)150公里的速度行駛。”故選B。A項(xiàng)表示“本應(yīng)該……”，C項(xiàng)表示“本能夠……”不合題意。
28.
【解析】D 本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意是“我錯(cuò)拿了別人的綠色 毛衣”，“那可能是Harry的，他總是穿綠色的毛衣”。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中could表示推測(cè)。mustn’t 表示 “禁止”;has to 表示“不得不”;will 表推測(cè)時(shí)，表“肯定“語(yǔ)氣太強(qiáng)。
29.
【解析】B根據(jù)句意可知Catherine對(duì)對(duì)方為她打掃了房間表示感謝并提到對(duì)方本來(lái)不必為她打掃房間。很顯然對(duì)方打掃房間是過(guò)去所為，表達(dá)“去不必做某事”用needn’t have done sth.
30.
【解析】C本題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，從答語(yǔ)的后半句“我已經(jīng)借到一本字典了”，可知前半句為“不必了”。故C正確。
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