【知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)】
一、重點(diǎn)詞匯與短語(yǔ)
1．recognize的用法小結(jié)：
（1）to know again (somebody or something ) that one has seen (or heard, etc) before 認(rèn)出
I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years.
雖然我有10年沒(méi)看到彼得了，但我認(rèn)出了他。
I don't recognize this word -- what does it mean?
我不認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)單詞，它的意思是什么？
Many fail to recognize that all these things are in danger of denied.
許多人沒(méi)有看到這一切正處于失去的危險(xiǎn)之中。
（2）to accept as a fact; to admit承認(rèn)；認(rèn)可常用于以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
recognize + object
recognize somebody to do something
recognize somebody as …
recognize + that從句
to recognize a new government
承認(rèn)一個(gè)新政府
We all recognize him to be clever.
我們都承認(rèn)他是非常聰明的。
We recognize that country as an independent state.
我們承認(rèn)那個(gè)國(guó)家是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家。
He didn’t recognize that he was wrong.
他不承認(rèn)他錯(cuò)了。
（3）be prepared to admit or be aware of (something.); realize. 認(rèn)清（某事）；認(rèn)識(shí)到
He recognized his lack of qualifications/that he was not qualified for the post.
他認(rèn)識(shí)到自己不夠條件/沒(méi)有資格擔(dān)任那個(gè)職務(wù)。
2．marry的用法小結(jié)：表示“ 結(jié)婚；娶；嫁”的意思。
（1）marry為及物動(dòng)詞，賓語(yǔ)是somebody，不能加任何介詞；而且是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。
例如：
I am going to marry John. 我要和約翰結(jié)婚了。
（2）詞組 somebody be married to somebody表示已婚的狀態(tài)，這時(shí)可以與一段時(shí)間連用。例如：
Mary has been married to John for two years. 瑪麗與約翰已結(jié)婚兩年了。
（3）詞組somebody get married to somebody表示的是瞬間的動(dòng)作，不可與一段時(shí)間連用。
She got married to him last year. 她去年與他結(jié)婚了。
（4）詞組 marry somebody to somebody: 使結(jié)婚；嫁（女）;把…嫁給…
He married his daughter to a businessman. 他把女兒嫁給了一個(gè)商人。
（5）主持…婚禮
The priest married them. 牧師主持他們的婚禮。
（6）“嫁給一個(gè)有錢人”可以有以下說(shuō)法：
marry a man with a lot of money
marry a rich man
marry a fortune
marry well
3．worth的用法小結(jié)：
（1）后面跟表示“錢”的名詞，意思是“值多少錢”。
例如：
How much is this bicycle worth? It's worth ￡50.
這輛自行車值多少錢？值50英磅。
（2）“值得…的”，可以用-doing這種主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意義。
例如：
This book is worth reading. 這本書(shū)值得讀。
This watch is worth repairing. 這只表值得修理。
（3）需要加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，worth前可以用well，但不可以用very。
例如：
The film is very exciting. It is well worth seeing again.
這部電影很令人振奮。很值得再看一遍。
（4）it可以作be worth的形式主語(yǔ)。
It isn’t worth getting angry with him.
=He is not worth getting angry with.
犯不上跟他生氣。
注意：（1）worthy后面要用“介詞of + 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的被動(dòng)式”或者“不定式的被動(dòng)式”，表示“值得…的”。
例如：
This novel is worthy of being read a second time. = This novel is worthy to be read a second time. （這本小說(shuō)值得再看一遍。）
（2）worthwhile也表示“值得…的”。要注意此結(jié)構(gòu)：
It is worthwhile reading the novel a second time. ( 這本小說(shuō)值得再讀一遍 )
4．“祈使句 ＋ and /then /or /otherwise + 陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法：
在此結(jié)構(gòu)中，前兩個(gè)起連接作用的詞表示順接關(guān)系，后兩個(gè)表示逆接關(guān)系；前面的祈使句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，而陳述句表示結(jié)果；可以轉(zhuǎn)換為帶有條件狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句；轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)要注意連接詞的使用。
例如：
Work harder and/then you will succeed in your studies. （注意：此句中and和then只能用一個(gè)，不能一起使用。）
=If you work harder, you’ll succeed in your studies.
（如果你更加努力學(xué)習(xí)，在學(xué)習(xí)方面你就會(huì)成功。注意：and和then可以互換，只能用其中一個(gè)。）
Study hard, or/otherwise you’ll fail in your exams.
=If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in your exams.
（如果你不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，你就會(huì)考不及格。）
二、詞義辨析
1．a(chǎn)ccept, receive與take的區(qū)別：
receive, accept, take這三個(gè)詞都有“接受”的意思。
（1）receive表示被動(dòng)地接受。
例如：
Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra ￡100 a year!
后來(lái)他笑了，并且告訴我說(shuō)，我將一年收到一百英鎊的額外收入！
If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!
如果你收到這樣的一種請(qǐng)求，你不會(huì)不服從的！
A baby can only receive sense impressions, but it does not understand them.
嬰兒只能接受感官方面的印象，而不能理解。
（2）accept總表示主動(dòng)而且高興地接受。
例如：
Please accept my apologies. 請(qǐng)接受我的歉意。
The villagers have told him that they will not accept the inn even if he gives it away.
村民們告訴他說(shuō)，即使他把那小酒店白送給人家，也沒(méi)有人會(huì)接受的。
She has received his present, but she will not accept it.
她收到了他的禮物，但她是不會(huì)接受的。
There is no accepted theory to explain the phenomenon.
沒(méi)有公認(rèn)的理論來(lái)解釋這種現(xiàn)象。
（3）take所表示的接受包含著有人贈(zèng)給的意思。
例如：
Did you take his advice? 你接受了他的建議了嗎？
He takes anything he is given. 給他什么他就要什么。
（4）receive還表示“接待、接見(jiàn)”的意思。
例如：
The hotel is now open to receive guests. 這家旅館現(xiàn)在開(kāi)業(yè)接待客人了。
2．a(chǎn)fter all, above all, at all, in all
（1）after all: 置于句首時(shí)表示提醒對(duì)方注意，常翻譯成“別忘了”；置于句末時(shí)表示“與預(yù)料的情況相反”。
例如：
Don’t be too strict with him. After all, he is only a child.
對(duì)他不要過(guò)于嚴(yán)格。別忘了，他還只是個(gè)孩子。
I thought I would fail in the last exam, but I passed, after all.
我原以為上次考試我會(huì)不及格，但是沒(méi)有想到我竟然及格了。
（2）above all: 首先，重要的是。
例如：
Above all, I love taking a walk every evening.
首先，我喜歡每天晚上散步。
（3）at all:常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句，表示加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。常翻譯成：“根本、絲毫”等。
例如：
I'm not at all sorry I came, I'm glad! 我來(lái)了一點(diǎn)也不遺憾，我很高興。
There was nothing at all to eat. 根本就沒(méi)有什么東西吃。
Are you at all worried about the forecast? 你對(duì)這項(xiàng)預(yù)報(bào)不擔(dān)一點(diǎn)心嗎？
（4）in all: 意思是“總計(jì)”。
例如：
There were twelve of us in all for dinner. 我們一共12人吃飯。
三、重點(diǎn)句型
1．I’d rather not tell you.
注意：somebody would rather do something表示“某人寧愿做某事”；它的否定句表示“某人還是別…”。
例如：
I would rather go there by bus. (我寧愿坐公共汽車去那里。)
I would rather not sit there doing nothing. (我不愿坐在那里什么都不做。)
2．on’t touch anything, unless your teacher tells you to.
unless引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)可以和if引導(dǎo)的否定條件句互換，此句可以改成：…, if your teacher doesn’t tell you to. 另外要注意句末的to后省略了touch something。
再如：
I won’t go with you unless you tell me who will be with us.
如果你不告訴我誰(shuí)將和我們一起，我就不會(huì)和你一起去。
3．here’s no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken of.
此句中There’s no doubt that…為固定句型，意思是“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”。
再如：
There is no doubt that he is our model in work. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，他是我們工作中的模范。
四、語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, can/could, may/might表示推測(cè)、猜測(cè)、可能的用法。
1．表示對(duì)所發(fā)生的事情或情景作出“很肯定”的推測(cè)時(shí)，肯定式用must，否定式用can’t，意思是“一定，想必；不可能”。
例如：
The new term has just started. She must be very busy preparing her lessons.
新的學(xué)期剛剛開(kāi)始。她現(xiàn)在一定是忙于備課。
They can’t be at home now. It is now 10 o’clock. They must be in the office.
他們現(xiàn)在不可能在家。現(xiàn)在是１０點(diǎn)鐘。他們一定在辦公室。
2．表示對(duì)當(dāng)前發(fā)生的事或者情況作出較有可能的推測(cè)時(shí)用can，相當(dāng)于“可能是、也許會(huì)、會(huì)”。
例如：
It can be true.
這可能是真的。
Watching TV for a long time can damage your eyes.
看電視的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)有可能損傷你的視力。
3．表示對(duì)當(dāng)前發(fā)生的事或者情況作出“不太肯定”的推測(cè)時(shí)，用may/might/could，相當(dāng)于“也許、有可能”。Might和could不是表示過(guò)去，它們和may一樣，都表示“現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)”，但是語(yǔ)氣較委婉，或者表示可能性更小一些。
例如：
George hasn’t come yet. He may/might/could busy today.
喬治還沒(méi)有來(lái)。他今天可能忙。
I can’t see clearly. There may/might/could a person in the darkness.
我看不清楚。黑暗中可能有個(gè)人。
【考點(diǎn)透視 考例精析】
[考點(diǎn)] 考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can的用法。
[考例1] How ______ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? （2003年上海，29）
A．can B．must C．need D．may
[解析] Ａ can用于疑問(wèn)句或否定句中表示驚異、不相信等，意思是“可能、能夠”。在此句中，can表示驚異的感情色彩。
[拓展] “can”表達(dá)一定的感情色彩的句子在口語(yǔ)中是很常見(jiàn)的。
再如：
How can you say that? After all, you are a student now, and you should study hard.
你怎么能夠那么說(shuō)？別忘了，你現(xiàn)在是個(gè)學(xué)生，你應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
[考點(diǎn)] 考查表“發(fā)生”的詞組的用法區(qū)別。
[考例2] An accident ___________ in the street. ____________ happened to me that I was on the spot.
A．took place, It B．happened, That C．happened, It D．broke out, That
[解析] Ｃ 本句牽扯到表示“發(fā)生”意義的詞組的區(qū)別。Take place表示“必然、自然地發(fā)生”；happen表示“意外發(fā)生”；break out表示“（火、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、瘟疫等）爆發(fā)”。從第二個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，that引導(dǎo)的從句為真正的主語(yǔ)，前面用形式賓語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替。所以選擇答案C。
[考點(diǎn)] 本題考查推測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)的否定用法。
[考例3] –I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.（NMET2002年北京，31）
--It ________ true because there was little snow there.
A．may not be B．won’t be C．couldn’t be D．mustn’t be
[解析] Ｃ couldn’t be true表示“這件事不可能是真的”。“There was little snow”說(shuō)明了原因。
[考點(diǎn)] 本題考查否定轉(zhuǎn)移時(shí)反意疑問(wèn)句的用法。
[考例4] Maybe you’ve made a mistake. I don’t think he knows you, _________?
A．don’t you B．do I C．does he D．doesn’t he
[解析] Ｃ I/we don’t think后面跟賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”現(xiàn)象，其反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)該根據(jù)從句來(lái)變。
【基礎(chǔ)演練】
一、根據(jù)所給首字母或括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)句子空格中所缺的單詞。
1．They c_______ you $20 just to get in the night club.
2．The operation p_______ a complete success.
3．The work is so important that you must be careful enough not to make any mistake. Even a small one may c______ you your job.
4．All schools are under the c_______ of the Ministry of Education.
5．He earned 200,000 dollars in only one month. Of course he was a s____________ businessman.
6．Sometimes a few words of c_____ to the one who has just failed may encourage him to stand up.
7．This new model is of high _________ （質(zhì)量）and is not expensive either.
8．According to the weather report, the weather will ________（繼續(xù)） fine till this weekend.
9．At the end of an hour's play the ________（優(yōu)勢(shì)） lay definitely with him.
10．I am ________（肯定） that I gave you his address.
二、單項(xiàng)填空：
1．Let’s keep to the point or we _______any decisions. (NMET 2004 I)
A． will never reach B．have never reached
C．never reach D．never reached
2．–Isn’t that Ann’s husomebodyand over there? (NMET 2004 I)
--No, it __________ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glassed.
A．can’t B．must not C．won’t D．may not
3．The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ________ by 2006. (北京卷 2004)
A．has been completed B．has completed
C．will have been completed D．will have completed
4．–Who’s that speaking?
--Mathilde Loisel.
--Mathilde! Oh, yes. Sorry. I __________ your voice.
A．didn’t know B．don’t know C．didn’t recognize D．don’t recognize
5．Of all the books on the desk，________ is of any use for our study. [06 四川卷]
A．nothing B．no one C．neither D．none
6．Listen! There’s a lot of noise from next door. They _________ a party.
A．could have had B．must be having C．should have had D．can be having
7．“Put that away _________ it’s broken.” Mum said angrily when Johnny played with the precious vase.
A．unless B．before C．once D．until
8．______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A．Founded B．Founding C．Being founded D．It was founded
9．The police tried to find the _______ child. But without ________ luck, they didn’t find him.
A．lost, a B．missing, / C．losing, a D．missing, /
10．It started _______ and I was beginning _______ how important his decision was that I should take an umbrella.
A．to rain, to realize B．raining, realizing
C．raining, to realize D．to rain, realizing
【能力拓展】
完形填空：
George Pickens had been making a wish daily as a worker at Central Bank.
All over the country banks were being （1） . George thought, （2） this bank? Didn’t robbers hear of its four-million-dollar （3） ? Were they afraid of Mr. Ackerman, the old （4） guard, who hadn’t （5） his gun in twenty-two years?
Of course George had a(an) （6） for wanting the bank to be robbed. （7） , he couldn’t simply take bills that were under his （8） all day long. So he had thought of another （9） to get them. His plan was （10） . It went like this:
If Bank Robber A holds up Bank Teller B…
And if Bank Teller B gives Bank Robber A a certain sum of money…
What is to prevent Bank Teller B from （11） all the money left and （12） that it was taken away by Bank Robber A?
There were only one （13） . Where was Bank Robber A?
One morning George entered the bank. “Good morning, Mr Burrows,” he said （14） . The bank president said something in a （15） voice to George and went into his office.
At two o’clock Bank Robber A walked in. George （16） he was a bank robber. For one thing, he stole in. For another thing, he wore a mask(面罩).
“This is a holdup,” the man said （17） . He took a gun from his pocket. The （18） made a small sound. “You!” the bank robber said, “Lie down on the floor!” Mr Ackerman lay down. The robber stepped （19） to George’s cage.
“All right,” he said. “Hand it over.”
“Yes, sir,” George reached into his drawer and took all the bills from the top part close to six thousand dollars. He passed them through the window. The robber took them, put them into his pocket, and （20） to leave.
Then, while everyone watched Bank Robber A, Bank Teller B calmly lifted off the top part of the drawer and got the bills from the bottom part into his pockets.
1． A．repaired B．broken C．robbed D．built
2． A．Why not B．What about C．How about D．How is
3． A．money B．capital C．note D．bill
4． A．door B．body C．safety D．bank
5． A. pulled out B．got C．carried out D．kept
6． A. chance B．eason C．excuse D．time
7． A．Of all B．In all C．Above all D．After all
8． A．hands B．desks C．drawer D．control
9． A．man B．day C．way D．robber
10． A． perfect B．complete C．easy D．simple
11． A．robbing B．stealing C．keeping D．taking
12． A．telling B．thinking C．insisting D．imagining
13． A．secret B．problem C．thing D．puzzle
14．A．cheerfully B．calmly C．a(chǎn)nxiously D．eagerly
15． A．loud B．low C．big D．worrying
16． A．trusted B．recognized C．supposed D．knew
17． A．a(chǎn)ngrily B．roughly C．firmly D．politely
18． A．robber B．manager C．guard D．customer
19． A．on B．a(chǎn)bove C．through D．over
20． A．turned B．decided C．signed D．drew
參考答案
高一部分
Units 15-16 (B1)
基礎(chǔ)演練
一、1．charged 2．proved 3．cost 4．control 5．successful 6．comfort 7．quality 8．continue 9．a(chǎn)dvantage 10．positive
二、1-5 AACCA 6-10 BBABA
能力拓展
參考答案與解析：
1-5 CABDD 6-10 BDACD 11-15 CCBAB 16-20 DBCDA
1．C 從全文看來(lái)，整篇圍繞著搶銀行而展開(kāi)， A. repair修理；B. “破壞”；D. build，建立，均不合題意。
2．A George作為Central Bank的一個(gè)員工，所驚奇的是在全國(guó)的銀行都被搶劫時(shí)，為什么獨(dú)獨(dú)他所在的銀行沒(méi)有被搶。
3．B capital “資本，資金”，與題意相符。
4．D 在銀行，明顯為 bank guard，與前文一直提到的rob相照應(yīng)。
5．A pull out “掏出，拔掉”。這家銀行沒(méi)有被搶劫，難道是因?yàn)樗麄兒ε逻@個(gè)二十年沒(méi)有掏出槍的老保安？
6．B reason 原因；上文說(shuō)George想讓銀行被搶，下文便介紹他這種想法出現(xiàn)的原因。
7．D after all “畢竟”； B. in all 總計(jì)；C. above all “首先”。George 想得到所有的錢，顯然是不可能的，表示退一步來(lái)說(shuō)的，只有選擇D。
8．A under one’s hand “在某人指示下，受某人支配、掌握”。
8．C 靠正常工資難以滿足George，所以他想到另一條獲得大錢的方法。所以是another way。
10．D 從后面的意思看，他的計(jì)劃應(yīng)該是“simple”。
11．C “keep something + done”“使…處于某種情況下”。
12．C insist“堅(jiān)持”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。
13． B “萬(wàn)事俱備，只欠東風(fēng)”。George所考慮的步驟有一個(gè)僅有的“問(wèn)題”，即“Where was Bank Robber A?”
14．A cheerfully “歡悅地，高興地”，與George當(dāng)時(shí)的心情相配，他考慮了整個(gè)計(jì)劃，想著馬上就能實(shí)現(xiàn)多錢的夢(mèng)想，自然高興異常。
15．B in a low voice“以極低的聲音”。
16．D 從下文，那個(gè)人破門而入，并戴著面罩，他“知道”是個(gè)robber，是斷定。
17．B roughly“粗魯?shù)兀直┑亍保蟫obber的身份，符合語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。
18．C 顯然與robber相對(duì)的，guard的作用突顯出來(lái)。
19．D step over to 表示動(dòng)作的趨向。
20．A turn to “轉(zhuǎn)身”。Robber搶了錢，肯定是轉(zhuǎn)身離開(kāi)，揚(yáng)長(zhǎng)而去。