Ⅰ、WORDS

1. announcement n. 宣告，通告。

The president made an unexpected announcement this morning.總統今天上午做了一個出乎意料的通告。

announce v.

She announced the winner of the competition to an excited audience.她向激動的觀眾宣布了比賽的冠軍。

3. interfere vi. 干涉，干預。

Even a low lever of noise interferes with my concentration.即使很小的噪音也能干擾我的注意力。

interference n.

4. normal adj. 正常的,常規的,標準的; n. 常態, 通常標準,一般水平

It’s normal to feel tiered after such a long trip.這樣長途旅行后感到疲勞是正常的。

Things soon returned to normal.情況很快恢復了正常。

比較：ordinary 平常的，普通的；常用來與不尋常或特別的事物形成對比。

He is clearly no ordinary student.他顯然是是個不一般的學生。

normal 用來描述預料之中，正常、常規的事物。

We are open during normal working hours.我們在正常的上班時間都開門營業。

common 常見的，共同的，指符合或具有全體共有的特征。

The surname of ‘Smith’ is very common in Britain. ‘Smith’的姓在英國很常見。

Common sense 常識； usual 通常的，慣例的。

It’s usual with him to go to work on foot. 他通常步行上班。 as/than usual

5. praise vt &n. 表揚，贊揚；表彰

He was highly praised for his research on heart disease.

He received praise from his colleagues for winning the prize. 因為贏得獎賞他得到了同事們的一致贊揚。

6. shock v.&n. 打擊，震動，震驚

The news of the accident shocked the family deeply. 這場事故的消息深深地打擊了這個家庭。

It was a shock to see her looking so ill. 看到她病得這么厲害讓我很震驚。

be shocked at sth./ to do/that…

7. consider v.

consider doing sth. 考慮做某事

consider sb./sth. (to be)+n./ adj. 認為……

consider sb. as

consider sb. to do sth

He is considering moving to the west.他正考慮去西部。

We consider him (to be) very generous/a generous man. 我們認為他很慷慨。

Don’t consider me as a fool. 不要認為我是一個傻瓜。

He is considered to have invented the first computer. 他被認為是第一個發明電腦的人。

She considers it impolite to talk while eating.她認為吃飯的時候說話是不禮貌的。

8. intention n. 意圖；目的；企圖

He went to Paris with the intention of learning French.

intend v.

intend to do/sb. to do 打算（讓某人）做某事;be intended to do

be intended for 為……準備/安排/設計

His parents intended him to study abroad. 他的父母想讓他去國外學習。

The course is intended for intermediate-lever students. 這個課程是為中等水平的學生開設的。

9. anxiety n. 焦慮不安

Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school.孩子們在上學第一天通常都感到很焦慮。 anxious adj. 焦急的；渴望的

10. desperate adj. 不顧一切的，拼命的,鋌而走險的；絕望的；極想，渴望的；危急的

a desperate criminal 不顧死活的罪犯；She is desperate for work. 她極渴望得到工作。

They are desperate to escape.他們急于想逃跑。

a desperate attempt/measures 鋌而走險的努力/措施；

The country is in a desperate state.國家處于非常危急的困境。

desperation n. desperately adv.

11. adopt v. 收養，領養；采納，采用

They adopted a baby girl.他們收養了一個女嬰。

We adopted their production methods.我們采用了他們的生產方法。

The committee adopted my suggestions.委員會接受了我的建議。

12. deliver v. 遞送，傳送；發言，陳述，發表；給……接生

A postman’s job is to deliver letters and parcels.郵遞員的工作是送信和包裹。

He delivered an important speech at the meeting. 他在會上發表了一個重要的演說。

deliver a baby 接生一個孩子 deliver a woman （of a twin）幫助一個婦女分娩（產下雙胞胎）

13. succeed v. 成功，達成；繼承，接替

If you try hard, you’ll succeed finally. 你如果努力就能成功。

When the duke dies, his eldest son will succeed to the title. 公爵去世后，他的長子將繼位。

14. benefit v. 有利于；獲益，得到好處

benefit sb. 有益于某人; benefit from sb./sth 從某人/某事獲益; benefit by doing

It’s an expensive investment but it will benefit the company in the long run.這是一項花費很大的投資，但從長遠來看，它對公司有好處。

Many thousands have benefited from the new treatment.成千上萬的人獲益于新的治療。

They would benefit by reducing their labor costs.他們通過降低勞動力成本得到了好處。

benefit n. 利益，好處；救濟金；補貼；慈善（或公益）活動

She has had the benefit of a first-class education.她因受過一流教育而獲益。

Housing benefits are given out at the end of the year.住房補貼在年底發放。

a benefit for old actors 為老演員所舉辦的義演

beneficial adj. be beneficial to do sth.

15. comment v.&n. 評論，評價

comment on/upon have(make) comments on 對……進行評論

Will you please comment on my essay? 你能對我的論文做點評論嗎？

I don’t want to make a comment on your behavior.我不想對你的行為做出評論。

16. advance v.前進，推進；促進（進程、發展）

Napoleon’s army advanced on Moscow. 拿破倫的軍隊想莫斯科推進。

She’s not really concerned about this issue---she’s just trying to advance her own interests.她不是真的關心這個問題--她只是想為自己多撈一些好處。

advance n. 前進，進展

her rapid advance in the company她在公司里的迅速提升

in advance 預先，提前

We had to pay the rent two weeks in advance. 我們不得不提前兩周交付房租。

Ⅱ. Phrases

1. on the one hand…on the other hand 一方面……另一方面

On the one hand, I want to sell the house, but on the other hand, I cannot bear the thought of moving.一方面我想賣掉房子，但另一方面我一想起搬家就不能忍受。

2. point out 指出

point out a mistake / one’s fault 指出一個錯誤/某人的過錯

point at 指著、瞄準 The hour hand pointed at 12. 時針指著12點。

“Freeze!” he yelled, pointing his gun at me. “別動！”他用槍指著我喊到。

point to 指向

3. in general=generally 總體上說

4. breakthrough n.. 突破

a significant breakthrough 一次重大的突破

break through v. They broke through eventually.

break through the fence / one’s limit; break through the heavy fog 穿透濃霧

4. concentrate one’s attention/ one’s energy/efforts/oneself on/upon 集中注意力/精力…

5. be related to/ relate to 與……有聯系；與……有關

He showed me all the evidence that relates to the murder.他向我出示了所有與這次謀殺有關的證據。

6. while 盡管；當……時候；但是，卻；只要

While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you.盡管我能理解你所說的，卻無法贊同。

They arrived while we were having dinner.他們來的時候我們正在吃晚飯。

Their country has plenty of oil, while ours has none.他們國家盛產石油,我們國家卻一點也沒有。

While there is life, there is hope.只要活著就有希望。

7. push ahead with 義無反顧的進行；努力推進

They began to push ahead with their new policy.他們開始義無反顧地推行他們的新政策。

ahead of time 提前

8. end up with sth. (music/ a dance etc.)以一段音樂/舞蹈結束

end up as ( a thief/ President etc.) 最終成為一個小偷/總統

end up in ( prison/hospital etc.)

end up doing

9. use up : run out of sth. 用完，耗盡 use up our petrol / gas/ energy/ natural resources

The energy has run out. The energy has been run out of .

10.be in agreement with=agree with

I am in agreement with/agree with you on that point. So I will support you. 我同意你在那點上的觀點，所以我會支持你的。

If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby tomorrow.

Subjunctive mood

虛擬語氣是一種動詞形式，表示說話人的一種愿望，假設，懷疑，猜測， 建議等含義，虛擬語氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實。

If +主語+did/were, 主語+would/could/might etc. + do. (表示與現在/將來相反)

If I were you, I would shut my mouth. 如果我是你，我就會閉嘴。

Would you mind if I closed the window? 你介意我關上窗嗎？（虛擬語氣更委婉）

cf. Do you mind if I close the window？

If mankind interfered with nature like this, it would be destroyed eventually.如果人類如此破壞自然的話，自然將最終被破壞。

If his parents didn’t die at a young age, he might not be suffering so much.

Phrases for Reading ( M5U3)

1. make an announcement recently

2. cause/contribute to/lead to/ result in much anxiety

3. on the one hand… on the other hand

4. point out one’s fault

5. produce valuable tissues and organs

6. interfere with nature continuously

7. on one’s way to creating an exact copy

8. the first mammal to be cloned

9. perform better than normal

10. in general

11. be praised for his brilliant scientific breakthrough

12. break through the heavy fog

13. concentrate/focus efforts on the research

14. with the intention of raising public concern

15. show no respect for human life

16. push ahead with the significant policy

17. be genetically related to his adopted son

18. be faced with a desperate situation 面臨絕境

19. deliver supplies to flooded villagers 為受災的村民們遞送供給物

20. succeed in dealing with the consequences成功地處理了這些結果

21. benefit mankind enormously 對人類非常有益

22. be totally immoral to destroy a human embryo 破壞人體胚胎是絕對不道德

23. end up replacing his director結果替代了他的主管

24. use up natural resources

25. be delighted to see the new product for sale 見到在售的新產品很高興

26. comment on my essay 評論我的論文

27. in complete agreement with human cloning與人類克隆完全一致

28. challenge questions of morality for centuries 質疑道德問題好多世紀

29. on a personal note 就個人而言

30. die of heart failure

31. attend a seminar on genetic engineering 參加一個基因工程的研討會

32. have no concept of cloning 對克隆一無所知

33. have no right to experiment with human life

34. put the vase in place 把花瓶放置好

35. take away his license 沒收他的執照

36. declare cloning humans illegal 宣布克隆人類違法