Unit 5
1 consideration
n. 重要性
n.考慮[U][(+for/to)]
That matter is under consideration.那件事正在考慮之中。
Before writing your answers please give careful consideration to the questions.
請在回答之前仔細考慮一下問題。
需要考慮的事;動機,原因[C]
Price and quality are the two chief considerations.價格和質量是兩個主要考慮的問題。
體貼;關心[U][(+for)]
He showed no consideration for his wife.他不體貼他的妻子。
習慣用語
be under consideration在考慮中
give one's careful consideration加以慎重考慮
in consideration of考慮到， 由于;以作...的謝禮， 酬勞
leave out of consideration沒有考慮， 忽略
on no consideration決不
out of consideration for出于對...的考慮； 體諒
take into consideration把...考慮進去
the first consideration第一要件， 頭等要事
under no consideration不假思索， 輕率
2 charge vt.索價;對...索費;課(稅)[(+for)]
This store often charges only 65 US cents a dozen for large eggs.
一打大雞蛋在這家店里常常僅賣六十五美分。
把...記入帳冊,賒購[(+to)]
Don't forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account.
別忘了把鞋錢記在我帳上。
控告,指控[(+with)]
He was charged with stealing.他被控犯有偷竊行為。
指責;譴責 [+that]
The statement charged that their actions violated the agreement.
聲明指責他們的行為違背了協定。
將(電池)充電
The battery needs to be charged.這電池需要充電了。
vi.索價;收費[(+for)]
The store doesn't charge for delivery.該店免費送貨。
n.費用,價錢,索價[C][(+for)]
The charge for admission is US$5.入場費五美元。
掌管;照顧;責任[U]
控告,指控[C][(+against/of)]
He was arrested on the charge of robbery.他因被控犯有搶劫罪而被捕。
at one's own charge(s)自費, 用自己的錢
have (the) charge of負責..., 主管...
in charge of 負全責, 經管, 照顧;在...掌管之下, 由...經管
in the charge of sb.由某人負責, 由某人照料[管理]
on the charge of因...罪, 因...嫌疑
3 blame：可以用作動詞和名詞，主要義項有：歸咎于；責怪；責任等。作動詞沒有用語言責罵的意思。構成短語：blame sb. for…“因某事責備某人”；blame sth. on sb.; put/ lay the blame on sb.“把某事歸咎于某人”；be to blame (for…)注意該短語中的不定式to blame為主動形式，但表示被動意思。
Eg. He blamed me for my carelessness.
Comrade Li is not to blame for the accident.
注意：比較scold表示嘮嘮叨叨地“數說”，而不是用骯臟語言罵人。一般多用于母親對孩子、妻子對丈夫等情況。
Eg. The mother scolded the boy for not cleaning up his room.
4 loss n.喪失;遺失[U]
He suffered a temporary loss of memory.他暫時喪失了記憶。
損失;虧損(額)[C][U]
It is a great loss to her.這是她的巨大損失。
His death means a great loss to science.他的死是科學的重大損失。
輸,失敗[U][C]
The loss of the first game did not discourage them.
第一場比賽的失敗并沒有令他們沮喪。
短語：
at a loss ①低于成本的：sell the merchandise at a loss.賠本賣出貨物
②迷惑的；不解的：I am at a loss to understand those remarks. 我不理解那些話
make a loss虧損
stand the loss賠償損失, 承受損失
suffer losses遭受損失
5 annoy：用作動詞，主要表示“打擾；使煩惱”的意思。構成短語：annoy…with sth./by doing sth.; be annoyed with/at…。
Eg. These flies are annoying me.
Don’t annoy your neighbor by singing loudly at night.
She was annoyed with him because he was late.
注意：同義詞：trouble。比較：interrupt“打斷某人的話”，
6 associate vt.聯合, 結交; 加入
由...聯想到..., 把...聯系起來
associate one thing with another把某一事與另一事聯系起來
We associate China with the Greet Wall.我們想起中國, 就聯想到長城。
習慣用語
associate oneself with加入; 參與; 與...發生聯系
associate with和...來往, 和...共事, 同...聯合; (在思想上)同...聯系在一起
7 appeal vi.呼吁,懇求[(+to/for)][+to-v]
He appealed to me for help.他向我求援。
He appealed to his friends for support.他請求朋友支持。
訴諸,求助[(+to)]
We will appeal to a great variety of sources of information.我們將求助于多種資料來源。
有吸引力,迎合愛好[W][(+to)]
The idea appealed to Mary.這主意正合瑪麗的心意。
【律】上訴[(+to/against)]
He appealed against the five-year sentence he had been given.
他對被判五年徒刑提出上訴。
習慣用語
appeal to向...呼吁[請求];投合...的心意; 引起...的興趣;訴諸(武力)
appeal to sb. for為...向某人呼吁[請求]
8 profit：可以用作名詞和動詞。主要義項有：收益；利潤；贏利；益處；從……吸取教訓；得益于某事物。用作名詞構成詞組：earn/make a profit“贏利”；gain profit“獲益”。用作動詞時的結構為profit by/from doing sth.
Eg. They’re only interested in a quick profit.
They make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell.
He profited greatly from his year abroad.
I have profited from your advice.
We gained a lot of profit from your advice.我們從你的建議中獲益匪淺。
注意：用作名詞，表示“利潤；贏利”時，既可是可數名詞也可是不可數名詞；表示“益處”時，為不可數名詞。
9 attach vt.裝上,貼上,系上[(+to)]
He'll attach the label to your luggage.他會把標簽系在你的行李上。
使依附;使附屬[(+to)]
This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.這個醫院附屬附近的那所醫學院。
(與oneself連用)使參加;使附著[(+to)]
He attached himself to the expedition.他參加了那個探險隊。
把...歸于[(+to)]
How can you attach the blame for this accident to the taxi-driver?
你怎么能把這次事故的責任歸于出租車司機呢?
注意：在表示“系、拴”的意思時，還可以用fasten和tie。表示“系在……的上面”，可用短語attach/fasten/tie… to…。
attached adj.依戀；愛慕be attached to…;
10 deliver：用作動詞，主要義項有：遞送；傳送；引渡；自首；發表演講等。常用結構為deliver…to…。
Eg. The mailman delivers the mail twice a day in this area.
He delivered himself to the police.
He delivered a long speech.
11 make sense, make sense of
make sense講得通，有道理，有意義，是明智的，是合理的
make sense of搞清...的意思
12 figure, shape
figure n.數字；人像；肖像；圖表；人影 v.出現；（out）計算出；理解；推想
shape n.形狀；（模糊的）人影=figure v.做成某物的形狀
figure as扮演...角色
figure down算出; 弄清, 了解
figure in算進; 參加; 包括進; 參與; 與...有牽連; 在...出現; 在...擔任一定角色
figure out算出, 估計, 推測; 解決; 了解, 領會到; 斷定
figure out at總共..., 合計...
figure up把...總加起來
13 get across 使通過；講清楚, 使人了解；觸犯; 與...搞壞關系
Get down to開始認真考慮; 著手辦理(某事)
get over越[爬]過；克服; 忍受；復原, 痊愈；
get through 完成；及格；通過；用盡[完]；打通(電話)
get through to(通過電話、無線電等) 與......聯系; 與......通話；使......了解
get through with完成, 干完
Unit 6
1 quit vt.離開;退出He quitted Paris after a week.他一周后離開了巴黎。
放棄[+v-ing] He has quit smoking.他已戒了煙。
解除,免除[(+of)]She finally quit herself of fear.她終于消除了恐懼。
【美】停止[+v-ing]Quit muttering!別嘀咕!
【口】辭職I'm going to quit next week.我將在下周辭職。
a.擺脫了...的,了結的[(+of)]
I gave him money to be quit of him.我給了他錢為的是要擺脫他。
習慣用語
be quit of擺脫, 脫離, 免除
quit it[美俚]死
2 burden n.[C]重負,重擔;負擔,沉重的責任
The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back.老人因背著重負而彎腰。
vt.加重壓于,加負擔于,煩擾[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes.政府使國民負擔重稅。
加負荷于,使載重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines.他吃力地捧著一大捆雜志。
3 desperate a.情急拼命的,鋌而走險的
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一個亡命之徒為了達到自己的目的什么事都做得出來。
His failure made him desperate.他因失敗而鋌而走險。
危急的;絕望的
He was desperate when he lost all his money.當他丟了所有的錢時,他絕望了。
極度渴望的 [(+for)][+to-v]
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有個工作,掙錢供養子女眾多的家。
4 accustom vt.(常后接oneself或用被動式)使習慣(于)[(+to)]
These people are accustomed to hard work.這些人慣于艱苦的工作。
Adapt to adjust to
5 leave behind：留下, 遺留, 超過
Eg. Wait - don’t leave me behind.
It won’t rain; you can leave your umbrella behind.
相關歸納：（1）leave …alone丟下……不管；不理會
Eg. Leave me alone.
（2）leave off使停止；戒除；省去
Eg. When will the snow leave off?
He left my name off the list.
（3）leave out遺漏；漏掉；刪除；忽視
Eg. This word is wrongly spelt; you’ve left out a letter.
Don’t leave me out!
（4）leave over推遲
Eg. These matters will have to be left over until the next meeting.
注意：fall behind“落后”。
6 keep up：不低落, 維持, 繼續
Eg. Keep up your courage.
Will the fine weather keep up?
How much does it cost you to keep up your large house and garden?
相關歸納：（1）keep out (of…)不讓……進入
Eg. They have shut the door and mean to keep us out.
（2）keep off離開；避開
Eg. Keep off the grass!
I hope you’ll keep out of trouble while I’m away.
（3）keep back阻止；扣留
Eg. She was unable to keep back her tears.
A certain percentage of your salary is kept back by your employer as an insurance payment.
注意：keep up with趕上，不落后。
7 lose one’s way：迷路
相關歸納：(1)find one’s way找到路，設法到達
（2）feel one’s way摸索前進
（3）fight one’s way奮勇前進
（4）make one’s way向前進；成功
（5）force one’s way強行
注意：lose one’s way也可以用get lost表示同樣的意思。
8 go about走來走去, 四處走動;著手或忙于(工作)
to go about cultivating the wasteland開始墾荒
go after追求, 設法得到; 追捕
go against 反對, 違背, 不利于
go ahead 先走, 走在前面; 繼續前進;進步[展]; 成功;
干吧, 說吧, 開始干
go for 去拿[喊, 找, 請], 盡力得到;擁護, 支持, 贊助
to go for a job求職
She doesn't go for men of this type.她不喜歡他這種類型的男人
go in for 從事于;愛好, 追求, 沉迷于;參加, 加入
Young people should never simply go in for material comforts.年青人永遠也不應一味地追求物質享受。
go over 越[渡]過; 走完; 轉向(to); 改變立場; 車(翻倒)
復習; (仔細)檢查; 審閱; 研究
go through 通過(考試等); 經過;審閱; 檢查;經歷(困難、痛苦等), 忍受
go without沒有...也忍受過去
go off爆炸；（爆竹、鈴等）響中斷； 熄滅
unit 7
詞組
1.care for 關心
2. want all day off 想放一整天假
3. leave…alone 不管，不理會
4 Bring in profits 對某人有益, bring in profits
5. open one's heart freely自由地敞開心扉
6 be in want of 缺乏
7 close up 停歇，關門
8 be concerned with 與…有關
9 display one's sympathy for sb 表現對…的同情
10. have no eye for 對…不感興趣
11. comment on sth 評論某事
12 read as follows內容如下
13. have an eye for 有眼力，把眼睛盯著，關注； 能判斷；能欣24. 賞
14. date back to 追溯到，追憶到
15. get sth wrong 把某事搞錯了
16. of late 近來，最近
17 on the contrary 相反
18 toast to…為…干杯
19. weigh… by gain 根據利益權衡
20 be well off富裕
21. with confidence自信地
22. do harm to sb 對某人有害
23. be sentenced to 8 years in prison被判8年徒刑
24. be guilty of doing sth有…之罪
25. hand over交出
26. take no notice of不注意
27. attend to照顧，護理
28 at the hands of在…手下
29. do justice 公平對待
30. want revenge for想為…報仇
31. for fear of由于害怕，生怕，以免
32. upon arrival在到達時
33. be on sb's side支持某人
34answer for為…而受責
35. do wrong to sb對某人不公平,冤枉某人
部分知識點講解
1 conscience n.良心；是非感
have a good/clear conscience問心無愧
have a bad [guilty, an evil] conscience有愧于良心， 內疚
according to one’s conscience = in all conscience憑良心
tell one's conscience說心里話
2. admit (admitted) vt.承認;準許…進入; 容納=seat/hold/contain vi.容許;承認
admit sb./sth into /to …允許某人進入…獲準入學
admit sb./sth. to be adj. 承認。。。是。。
admit sth/ doing 承認…
admit (to sb.) that –clause 向某人承認。
短語admit sb. as的意思為“接納某人為……”
3. abundant adj.大量的,充足的; 豐富的,富裕的 be abundant in = be rich in= be well supplied with
①There is abundant rainfall in our hometown./ ②Fish are abundant in the lake.
③Iraq is abundant in oil.
4.occupy vt.占(空間/時間), 占用; 使忙碌,使全神貫注;占領,侵占=take/seize;擔任(職務)=hold
occupy oneself with / (in) doing sth. be occupied with/ (in) doing sth.
①The table occupies a lot of space.(takes up)
②Is this seat occupied?(taken)
③His lecture occupied two hours.（took）
④The newcomers are occupied in writing letters home.(are busy writing/ are engaged in writing)
⑤the enemy-occupied areas
⑥He occupies an important position in the government.(holds)
occupied adj.在使用中；已占有；不空閑
5.close up (暫時)關閉 down (永久性的或長期的)關閉
6. be badly off窮的，境況不好的；缺少的
cf: be well off= be rich
7 anyhow= anyway：adv. “無論如何；無論怎樣”，可以位于句首，也可位于句尾。
Eg. It’s too late now, anyway/anyhow.
Anyway, you can try, even if there’s not much chance of success.
8 care for：關懷, 照顧, 愿意,
相關歸納：care about憂慮；關切；關心；惦念
注意：在表示“喜歡、關心、照顧”時，兩個短語意思和用法基本相同。在表示“介意、在乎”時，只用care about，特別在后跟v.-ing時，不用care for。但在表示比較客氣、委婉的“要不要……”意思時，用care for。
9 standard, level
standard n. 標準；水準；規格；規范；業務水平
adj. 標準的；符合標準的；公認為權威的
below standard不合格的, 標準以下的
come up to the standard達到標準
double standard雙重標準, 不同標準
fall short of the standard不夠標準
up to the standard合格, 達到標準
standard of living生活水準
level n.水平線；水平面；級別；水平
adj. 水平的；平坦的；同等標準的
10 in want of：需要；缺少
Eg. The house is in want of repair.
相關歸納：for/from want of由于缺少
In honour of 為向...表示敬意 為慶祝
In memory of紀念
In favor of贊成(支持
In face of面臨(不顧,公開反對,在...面前
Unit 8
詞組
1. make sense of 弄懂…的意思
2. in other words 換句話說；換言之
3. take risks/a risk 冒險
be at risk=in danger
at the risk of 冒著……的危險
risk doing 冒險做某事
4.experiment with 進行試驗；進行實驗
5.piles of 一大堆；一大批；一大團
6. knock sb / sth down 撞倒
7.that is to say 也就是說
8. fall behind 落后 fall sick / ill fall down跌倒 fall over 摔交 fall into 陷入; 跌入 fall off 掉下 fall back 后退;退讓 fall asleep
9 .communicate with 與…聯系；與…交流
10. distinguish…from… 把與區別開來
11. adjust to 調整；調節；使適合；使便于使用
12. in the process 在進行；經過；在…過程中
13 in common （團體）共同的；公有的16.make mistakes 犯錯誤
14.take patience to 有耐心去做….
15. come across 偶然遇見
16. regardless of…不顧 /不管 /不關心…
17 all of a sudden =suddenly
18. be concerned about
19. be anxious about / to do be eager for / to do be curious about
20. more than + 數詞 = over more than + n. =only more than + v. =very，深為
more than can/could = not more than + adj./ adv. = very非常
more than one = many a 不止一個
21. get stuck/burnt/hurt/dressed/separated/
washed/changed/lost/married/drunk
句型以及部分知識點講解
1 stick：可以用作名詞和動詞，名詞的意思為“棒，棍”。作動詞時構成短語stick to多表示“堅持原則、計劃、諾言、決定等”，還有“繼續做某事”的意思。其賓語多是名詞rules, plan, idea, promise, decision等。
Eg. Though we all think the plan should be changed, the manager still sticks to his own idea.
That’s my story and I’m sticking to it.
You must stick to the task until it is finished.
其短語有：stick out“伸出；突出”；stick up“突出；伸出；豎立”。
注意：insist也可表示“堅持”。其用法為：insist是及物動詞，其后常接賓語從句，這時它有兩個含義：（1）“堅持認為”，其賓語從句要用陳述語氣；（2）“堅持要求”，其賓語從句要作虛擬語氣，即“should+動詞原形”。insist on則表示“堅持做某事”，某賓語常用動詞-ing形式或名詞。介詞on也可改用upon，意思不變。
無論insist還是stick都不能與動詞不定式連用。
【口】(通常用于疑問句和否定句)容忍,忍受[+v-ing]
I can't stick such people.我無法容忍那種人。
【口】被...難住;以...困住
Are you stuck over your algebra?你的代數題做不下去了吧?
習慣用語
at a stick為難, 困惑
be stuck上當, 受騙;被困住
be stuck with\over被...纏住無法擺脫, 遇到困難無法進行下去
get stuck in全神貫注吃飯或工作; 使勁干
2 acquire.“取得，獲得”指通過漫長的過程逐步獲得或學到。
She acquired a knowledge of French.
He has acquired a good knowledge of history in these few years.
Gradually we acquired experience in how to do the work.我們逐步獲得了做這工作的經驗。
學到;養成
She has mastered English grammar and acquired a large vocabulary without the help of a teacher.她在沒有老師指導的情況下,掌握了英語語法,學到了大量詞匯。
acquire knowledge of求得...的知識
achieve完成；達到目的，贏得名聲
win打敗對方；贏得勝利
gain獲得(獎項)＝win；贏得(財富、經驗)；增加；改善
3 Regardless of their theories , …(p67.para1)
He says what he thinks, regardless of other people’s feeling. 他想到什么就說什么，毫不考慮別人的感受。
1. knock down：擊倒, 拆卸, 拍賣出
Eg. She was knocked down by a bus.
These old houses are going to be knocked down.
The painting was knocked down for $5,000.
相關歸納：（1）knock at敲……
（2）knock against撞擊Eg. The pickpocket knocked against me on purpose.
（3）knock into撞到……身上
Eg. He knocked into the teacher when he rushed into the classroom.
（4）knock over推翻 Eg. You’ve knocked over my drink!
4 where引導的地點狀語從句
If I hear another word from you,you will go where it is really cold.
要是再聽到你說一個冷字，我就叫你到真正冷的地方去。
where在此引導地點狀語從句，修飾主句的謂語，表示“在……地方；到……地方；無論什么地方”。要注意和where引導定語從句的區別，引導定語從句時，修飾表示地點的先行詞(名詞)。
例:He left the key where it lay.他把鑰匙放在了原位置。
The official policy encouraged people to stay where they were.
政府的政策鼓勵人們待在原處。
Please just sit where you want.你想坐哪里就坐哪里。
鏈接提示
(1)wherever和everywhere也可以用來引導地點狀語從句。如:
He is kindly received wherever he goes.
Everywhere I went,people were very happy.
(2)where和wherever可置于possible或necessary之前，其含義為when或whenever
All the experts agree that,wherever possible,children should learn to read in their own way.
5 adopt用作動詞，主要有“收養；采納；采取；吸收”等
例:Having no children of their own they decided to adopt an orphan.
他們因沒有親生兒女，決定領養一個孤兒。
Paul’s mother had him adopted because she couldn’t look after him.
保羅的母親因為自己無力撫養他，便把他送給別人收養了。
He is their adopted son.他是他們的養子。
Our school has adopted a new teaching method.我們學校采用了新的教學法。
We’d like to adopt your idea.我們想采納你的意見。
鏈接提示
短語adopt sb.as...還有“挑選某人作為……”的意思。名詞為adoption。
6 .fall behind該短語既可以是及物動詞短語，也可以作不及物動詞短語，表示“落后；掉隊；推遲(和with連用)”等。
例:Be quick,or you will fall behind.快點，不然就掉隊了。
France has fallen behind Germany in coal production.法國在煤炭生產上落后于德國了。
Make sure not to fall behind with your rent,please.請不要拖欠房租。
鏈接拓展
fall into開始……起來。陷入;如:
They fall into lively discussion of the question.他們熱烈地討論起這個問題。
fall away離棄，脫離。如:
All his old friends fall away from him.他所有的老朋友都遠離了他。
fall off跌落，減少。如:
He fell off the horse。他從馬背上摔了下來。
fall ill患病。如:
His mother fell seriously ill in hospital.他的母親在醫院里病得很重。
fall back 后退;退讓
7 .patience un.耐心；忍耐力
構成短語:be out of patience 對……忍無可忍
例:I haven’t the patience to hear your complaints again.我沒有耐心再聽你的抱怨。
She has no patience with people who are always grumbling.
她不能容忍那些常常發牢騷的人。
If you don’t stop making that noise,I’m going to lose my patience.
如果你不停止吵鬧的話，我將失去耐心。
鏈接提示
patient adj. 有耐心的。構成短語:be patient with 對……有耐心。
8 consequence n.結果,后果[C][(+of)]
I'm quite willing to accept the consequences.我完全愿意承擔后果。
重大,重要(性)[U][(+to)]
He is a man of great consequence.他是一個很重要的人物。
answer for the consequences對后果負責
as a consequence因而， 結果
in consequence因此， 結果
in consequence of...的結果， 因為...的緣故， 由于
of consequence有勢力的； 重要的
take the consequences自食其果， 承擔責任