New words (M2 U2 Reading)
Shirley Zhang
1. recipe n. 醫(yī)療處方；食譜；烹飪法；訣竅
~ for ...
the recipe for cookies / living long
He thinks the only recipe for success lies in hard work.
他認為成功的唯一訣竅在于勤奮。
2. physician n.. 醫(yī)師, 內(nèi)科醫(yī)師
the physician in charge 主治醫(yī)師
physical adj. 身體的, 物質(zhì)的, 自然的, 物理的
physicist n. 物理學者, 唯物論者
3. bark n. 樹皮, 吠聲 v. 吠, 咆哮, 剝樹皮
Barking dogs seldom bite. 吠犬不咬人。（真人不露相）
His bark is worse than his bite. 刀子嘴豆腐心。
Dogs always bark at strangers. 狗總是對著陌生人吠。
The officer barked out an order. 那軍官大聲發(fā)出命令。
4. acid n. [化]酸 adj. 酸的, 諷刺的, 刻薄的
acid rain
an acid comment / remark / tone
5. chemist n. 化學家, 藥劑師
chemistry n. 化學
chemical adj. 化學的 n. 化學制品, 化學藥品
6. trial n. 試驗, 考驗, 審訊, 審判
a trial match / flight 預賽；試飛
She succeeded in the examination on her third trial. 在她第三次嘗試時
The man was on trial for killing a person. 此人因殺人而受審。
They let me have / take the computer on trial for thirty days. 把......拿去試用
by / through trial and error 通過反復試驗, 不斷摸索
Only by trial and error will you find out what flowers grow best.
7. milligram n. 毫克
milli- 表示“千分之一, 毫”之義
millimeter n. 毫米
millisecond n. 毫秒
8. standardize vt. 使符合標準, 使標準化
standard n. 標準, 規(guī)格 adj. 標準的, 權(quán)威的, 第一流的
the standard of living / living standards 生活水平
Mr. Li sets high standards of behavior for his students. 對學生的行為提出高標準的要求
His work is below / not up to the required standards. 不合格的，沒有達到標準的
standard English pronunciation 標準的英語發(fā)音
a standard reference work 一部權(quán)威性參考書
a standard composer 一流的作曲家
9. thin vt. 使薄, 使稀薄[疏], 使瘦弱
War and disease thinned (down) the population. 戰(zhàn)爭與疾病使人口減少。
adj. (thinned, thinning)
a thin slice of bread 一片薄面包
a thin piece of string 一根細繩
a thin mist 薄霧
thin hair 稀疏的頭發(fā)
thin air 稀薄的空氣
thin slim slender lean
Thin a general word; someone has little fat on their body. It is usually (but not always) disapproving
Slim / slender means thin in an attractive way
Skinny means thin in an unattractive way
Lean means thin and looking strong and fit
10. block vt. 防礙, 阻塞
block traffic 妨礙交通
Trees blocked my view. 樹擋住了我的視線。
n. 塊；街區(qū)；大樓；障礙物
a block of wood / stone
an office block 辦公大樓
put up a road block 設置路障
It's three blocks to the store from here.
11. length n. 長度, 長；一段，一截
a length of cloth / rope 一段布料/一根繩子
a length / depth / width... of 3 metres
The river is 500 metres long / in length.
12. contemporary n. 同時代的人 adj. 當代的, 同時代的
雪萊和濟慈是同一時代的人
Shelley and Keats were contemporaries. / Shelley was contemporary with Keats.
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
contemporary trends in design 現(xiàn)代（派）設計傾向
contemporary literature 當代文學
13. note vt. 注意,；記錄；指出，特別提到
請注意這張賬單必須在10天之內(nèi)付清。
Please note that this bill must be paid within 10 days.
The pupil noted (down) what the teacher said. 學生記下了老師的話。
The newspaper does not note what happened next. 這家報紙沒有說明隨后發(fā)生的事情。
他在講座上著重提到了這一問題的重要性。
He noted the importance of the problem in his lecture.
n. 筆記；短信；注解，注釋；票據(jù)，紙幣；音符
make / take a note of ...
make / take notes
compare notes 交換意見；對筆記
take note of 注意到
change one's note 改變態(tài)度，口氣
a 10-pound note
Lily has a nice voice but she had trouble hitting the high notes.
leave sb. a note / leave a note for sb.
14. application n. 應用，運用；請求，申請
the application of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods
新的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)上的運用
an application for a job 求職書
apply vt.
apply to the consul for a visa 向領(lǐng)事申請簽證
apply a theory to practice 把理論應用于實踐
15. transparent adj. 透明的，顯然的，明晰的
transparent glass / windows
transparent lies 明顯的謊言
a boy of transparent honesty 一個非常誠實的孩子
16. name vt. 命名, 提名, 叫出, 指定
named them all cowards 稱他們?yōu)榕撤?/p>
name the child after both grandparents 以孩子祖父母的名字給他取名
Can you name all the plants and trees in this garden?
你能叫得出這個花園里所有花草樹木的名稱嗎？
Please name the day for our wedding. 請你決定我們結(jié)婚的日子。
name sb./sth. (as) ...
The film was named best foreign film.
Michael has been named as the new chairman. 邁克爾被任命為新的董事長。
n. 名字, 名稱, 姓名, 名譽
a boy by the name of ... / named...
in the name of 以...的名義
under the name (of) 用...名字(指化名, 假名, 筆名等)
17. purify vt. vi. 使純凈，凈化；使純潔
(purified, purifying, purifies)
chemicals used to purify the water
pure adj. 純的；純粹的；純凈的；無垢的；純潔的；完美的
pure silk / cotton / wool / gold / water / chocolate / English
18. quantity n.
buy sth. in (large / small) quantities
large/small quantities of + n. 謂語動詞用復數(shù)
a large/small quantity of + n. 謂語動詞單復數(shù)由名詞決定
Large quantities of goods / food have been stored for the winter.
A large quantity of beer has been sold.
A large quantity of books have been sold.
19. mass n. 塊；大多數(shù),；質(zhì)量；群眾,；大量
the masses 群眾,，民眾，個人階級
a mass of / masses of + n. [u] / [c] 許多，大量
a huge mass of data 大量數(shù)據(jù)
a mass of people
Before the rain, there were masses of dark clouds in the sky.
下雨前，天空有大片大片的烏云。
The sun makes up 99.9% of the mass of our solar system.
adj. 群眾的；大規(guī)模的；集中的
mass production 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)
mass education / media 大眾教育；大眾傳媒
20. powerful adj. 權(quán)力強大的，有勢力的；有效的，作用大的；有影響的
a powerful drug / man / speech 強效的藥/權(quán)力大的人物/有感染力的演講
powerful reasons/arguments 有說服力的推理/論證
powerless adj.
21. wonder adj. 極好的，靈驗的
a new wonder drug 新的靈丹妙藥
n. 奇跡，驚奇，驚愕
the Seven Wonders of the World 世界七大奇觀
It's a wonder (that) no one got hurt. 難得
It’s no wonder (that) you've got a headache, the amount you drank last night.
昨晚你喝得太多，頭痛不足為奇。 難怪；不足為奇
vt. 覺得奇怪；驚奇；想知道，不知道
I wonder at his rudeness / his allowing you to do that.
我對他的粗魯/他允許你做那樣的事感到奇怪。
I was wondering if / whether you'd like to come to dinner.
不知可不可以（禮貌的請求）
I wonder if I'll recognize Philip after all these years.
vi. 驚訝，懷疑
-- Is she serious?
-- I wonder. 我看不一定吧。
22. relief n. 解脫的感覺，安慰；(痛苦等的)減輕；(債務等的)免除；救助，救濟
give a patient relief from pain / pain relief 使病人減輕痛苦
provide relief for refugees 救濟難民
To our great relief, the children all arrived home safely.
The doctor said it was just the flu. What a relief! 謝天謝地
relieve vt.
Drugs helped to relieve the pain.
relieve oneself
relieve sb. of sth. 解除某人的負擔
He rose and relieved her of her bags.
relieve sb. of their post / duties / command etc. 免除職務/職責/指揮權(quán)
23. fundamental adj. 基礎的，基本的；重要的，必要的
a fundamental difference in opinion 看法的根本區(qū)別
fundamental mistake/error 根本錯誤
fundamental human rights
Water is fundamental to survival. 水對于生存是必不可少的。
fundamentalist n. 原教旨主義者
Muslim fundamentalists