Unit 3 Travel journal
Designed by Xu Jianying, Ying Huihong, Zhao Lili Wu Xianfen, Jiang Jinling
I．Teaching aims and demands:
1.Skill goals:
Describe a journey.
Revise means of transportation.
The Present Progressive Tense expresses futurity.
Keep a travel journal to show personal impressions.
2.Function sentence patterns---Good wishes and farewells
Have a nice/ good time. Have a nice/good time.
Tare care. Good luck on your journey.
Say “ hello” to … Write to me.
Give my love / best wishes to … Have fun.
3.Vocabulary:
journal, fare, transport, finally, cycle, persuade, stubborn, insist, proper(ly), determine(d), altitude, valley, attitude, shorts, camp, record, topic, familiar, brave, give in, change one’s mind.
detail, atlas, glacier, rapids, waterfall, plain, delta, canyon, afterthought.
Vientiane, Laos, Phnom Penh, Cambodia, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, Mekong, Tibetan.
4.Grammar:
The Present Continuous Tense to express future actions.
II.The analysis of the teaching material:
1. Warming-up and listening: Let students know that travel is very common in modern society. Ask them to discuss the fares to get to one place for different kinds of transport. Do some listening practice
2. Pre-reading and reading: The word has many great rivers. One of them is the Mekong. Introduce a travel journal---Journey down the Mekong to students.
3.Learning about language: In this part, students will discover useful words and expressions and also learn useful structures---- the Present Continuous Tense to express future actions
5.Using language: Present how to write a travel journal and then practise writing
III.Teaching arrangment
1st Period warming-up and listening
2nd Period Reading
3rd Period learn about language
4th Period Using language
The First Period warming-up and listening
Teaching aims
1. To talk about things related to travel, e.g. the place the fares and transport, etc.
2. To improve the Ss’ listening ability.
Teaching important points
1. To talk about travel.
2. To tell the Ss how to catch the key points when they do listening.
Emotion goals:
There are so many beautiful places in China and the whole world. We should love our country, love the whole world and love nature.
Teaching aids
a tape recorder, a projector and a computer
Step 1. A song (歌詞見后面)
Step 2 Warming up
Show the photos of some beautiful places on the PowerPoint. （The Great Wall; Yuanming Yuan ; Budala Palace; Venice; The Liberty Statue in New York,America; Fujiyama.）Ask students whether they know where they are.
Then T ask: Do you like traveling? Ss: Yes
T: Why do you like traveling? (超級鏈接)：Enjoy beautiful scenery; Increase our knowledge; Make friends; Be good to health… Ss may have a lot of different ideas. Give them time to talk freely.
T ask: How will you prepare for traveling? (including the time, the place, the means, the cost, the things you’ll take along, … of traveling) (超級鏈接) :
1. time (超級鏈接): the Spring Festival; National Day; May Day; weekend;
summer( winter) vacation…
2.destination(超級鏈接): Enjoy some beautiful pictures of famous places with the whole class: Huangshan黃山; Jiuzhaigou九寨溝; Guilin桂林; Stone Forest
(石林); Jiuquxi(九曲溪; Yunufeng,wuyi(武夷玉女峰); Sanqing Mountain三清山;
Hangzhou; Longmen Caves (龍門石窟); Tian’anmen Square(天安門廣場); Terracotta,Xi’an(西安兵馬俑); Summer Palace(頤和園); London Bridge;
The Opera House悉尼歌劇院; Eiffel Tower艾菲爾鐵塔.
3.What to do(超級鏈接): Rock climbing; rafting; bengee; skiing; hiking
Allow the Ss to talk more about it.
4.travel cost: talk with the Ss quickly.
5.things to take(超級鏈接): ID cards(身份證) passports; money (cash); a book of maps; 等。
6.means of transportation(超級鏈接): on foot; by bike; by bus; by car; by plane/by air; by boat/by ship/by sea
7. background information(超級鏈接): history; customs; culture; language; religion; politics; weather; …
8. Points for attention(超級鏈接): Don’t throw away waste; Don’t park your bike or car in the wrong parking lot; Don’t make a fire freely; Don’t feed animal; Protect animals and plants; Do as the guide tells you do; ….
Step 3 Speaking
T: Now, imagine that you live in Qinghai Province. You plan to spend a holiday with a friend somewhere in Southeast Asia. Choose three places to visit and find out the one –way fare to get there for different kinds of transport. Then, make up a dialogue In pairs, discuss the fares and decide where to go.
Before they do that task, show a map of Southeast Asia with detailed position of
Laos; Vietnam; Ho Chi Minh City; Phnom Penh; Thailand; Cambodia; Singapore; Malaysia.
Then show some pictures of the sceneries in these countries. Then give the Ss several minutes to prepare for the dialogue and then call some of them to act their dialogues out.
Step 4 Listening
1.Listen to Part 3 CHATTING WITH A GIRL and tick the words .
2. Listen again to the tape and fill in the chart
3.Listen to Part 4 of JOURNAL DOWN THE MEKONG and tick the words you hear on the tape.
4.Listen to this material again and answer the questions.
(1)Who is telling the story? Wang Kun
(2)When did Wang Wei meet her cousins? In October in Dali
(3)Why didn’t they begin the journey in Tibet with Wang Wei and Wang Kun?
The story doesn’t say
(4)Find a word that describe how the person telling the story feels about travelling in Laos. Afraid,alone,excited,glad…
5.Listen to Part 5. Wang Kun is describing a few of the things they saw during their tour. Pick out the correct in formation and then tell about their experience in Laos.
(1) In the village the cyclists saw ____B___.
A. electric lights B. candle lights C. kerosene lights
(2)After lunch they went to Vientiane ,the capital city of Laos by B.
A. bike B. bus C. truck
(3)They greeted an old man by ____A____.
A. putting their hands together B. moving their heads C. waving their arms.
(4) In Vientiane, they saw _____C_____
A. trucks, buses and bicycles B. cars, motorbikes and buses
C. trucks, buses, jeeps and motorbikes
(5) The Mekong River is very rich in ____C__.
A. gold B. pears C. fish
Step 5 Homework
Make up a dialogue .
P57. Using structures
P59. Reading task
The Second Period Reading
Teaching goals
1. Learn something about the Mekong River through reading.
2. Students can use what they have learned to describe a trip.
3. Students should realize if they want to be successful, what personalities they should have.
Teaching important and difficult points:
1. Understand the text well.
2. Try to master the useful new words & expressions in this period.
Teaching aids: a computer & a projector
Teaching procedures
Step Ⅰ Warming Up
T: Do you like travelling?
Present some pictures of beautiful places to arouse their interest of travelling. Meanwhile, the teacher can also ask some more questions to make the students say something about their journey , such as their plans of trips, the difficulties they met in their journey and so on.
Step Ⅱ Lead In
T: Q1: Have you visited any river? Q2: How many great rivers do you know?
Q3 : If you could travel down only one of them, which one would you choose? Why?
Ask the students the locations of some famous rivers in the world .(Mekong, Rhein, Seine, Nile, Thames, Congo, Amazon, Mississippi, Volg)
Step Ⅲ Pre-reading
T: Have you visited the Mekong River? If no, let’s learn something about it.
1. Show a picture of the Mekong River and the brief introduction of it. Ask them:
Can you list the countries that the Mekong River flows through?
3. Enjoy the beautiful sights along the Mekong River to arouse their interest of it.
Step IV Reading
In this step, get the students to read the text and finish some tasks.
Task1: Scan the text quickly, then answer some questions
Q1. Who are Wang kun and Wang Wei?
Q2.What are their dreams?
Q3.Who are Dao Wei and Yu Hang?
Q4. Is it a difficult journey to cycle along the Mekong? Why?
Q5.What can you see when you travel along the Mekong River?
Task2: Listen to the tape and pay attention to the pronunciation, then do the T or F exercise.
1.Wang kun is a high school student.
2.Both Dao Wei and Yu Hang are Dai and they grew up in eastern Yunnan province
3.The source of Mekong is in Qinghai province .
4.Finally Wang Kun agreed with his sister to cycle with her.
5.They found few atlas and books about Mekong River in library. 6. Mekong river begins at glacier on a Tibet mountain. the water there is clear but not cold.
7. Only a small part of the river is in China.
8.As it enters Southeast Asia, it moves slowly.
Task3: Careful reading
Read the text again and try to complete a form.
their dream
Their journey
Their preparation
Task4: Consolidation
Fill in the blanks
Mekong River begins ___ a glacier on a Tibetan mountain. At first ,The river is small and the water begins to move_______. It becomes ______as it passes ______ deep valleys. Traveling ______western Yunnan Province. Sometimes The River ______ wide Valley and becomes a_________. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China . After it leaves china and the high altitudes, the Mekong becomes _____ , brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, it travels slowly _________hills and low valleys, and the _____ where rice grows. at last the river’s delta enters the South China Sea.
Step V Post-reading
Task1: Make comparison
An attitude is what a person thinks about something. Make lists of Wang Wei’s and Wang Kun’s similar and different attitudes about the trip.
Task2: Debate
Which character do you like,Wang Kun or Wang wei? Why?
Task3: Understand two mottos
Life is just a series of trying to make up your mind.
Success belongs to the persevering
Step VI Homework
1． Read the text again.
2． Write a passage about their journey.
The Third Period Learning about language
Teaching goals
1.To revise the useful words and expressions.
2. To learn useful structures--- the Present Continuous Tense to express future actions.
Teaching important points
the Present Continuous Tense to express future actions.
Teaching difficult points
How to use the Present Continuous Tense to express a plan or something to be done according to plan..
Teaching aids
a projector and a computer
Step 1:Greeting ： A song.
Step 2:Practice
一、Use the reading passage to find the correct word or expression for each of the following sentences.
1.He is so stubborn that no one can ____________ him to do anything.
2.A ___________ person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is.
3._______ she has made up her mind, nothing will ___________________.
4.Is it_______ for us to take off our hats in church?
5.He ________ that we find the source of the trouble as soon as possible. Everyone agreed.
6.Do you remember every _____ of the story you have just read.
7.I wanted to pay the train ____ , but my friend insisted. _______I gave in.
8.She persuaded all of us to _______ to work instead of taking the bus。
Answer: 1. persuade 2. determined 3. Once; change her mind
4. proper 5. insisted 6. detail 7 fare; Finally 8. cycle
二、Match the words and the meanings
valley a high place from which a river suddenly goes down.
plain a fast-moving part of a river.
waterfall a long, low, wide place between hills.
delta the long place where a river enters the sea
rapids a large body of ice moving slowly down a high valley
canyon a large flat place
glacier a deep, very wide valley, usually with a river
超級鏈接: some pictures of all these words to help Ss understand the meaning of the words more clearly.
三、Complete this passage with some of the above words.
I really enjoyed my school field trip in geography. We saw so many beautiful things: a _________ that flowed like a river of ice through a _______ that cut the mountains into two parts. We also discovered a river which fell off the mountains and become a wonderful __________this was even more exciting to see than the _______ where the water seemed to boil. Later we followed the river to a quieter ______ and finally into a ______ and the sea.
Answer: glacier valley waterfall rapids canyon delta
STEP 3 : Grammar
Enjoy a song to present the Present Continuous Tense:
I'm babysitting on Thursday
Would you like to go out on Monday?
No, sorry, I can’t
Why not?
I’m babysitting on Monday.
Would you like to go out on Tuesday?
No, sorry, I can’t.
Why not?
I’m doing my laundry on Tuesday.
Would you like to go out on Wednesday?
No, sorry, I can’t.
Why not?
I’m working overtime on Wednesday.
Would you like to go out on Thursday?
No, sorry, I can’t.
Why not?
I’m working out on Thursday.
Would you like to go out on Friday?
No, sorry, I can’t.
Why not?
I’m visiting relatives on Friday.
Would you like to go out on the weekend?
Well… maybe!
Ask the Ss to answer: What is she doing on Monday/Tuesday…?
The Present Continuous Tense for future use
The present continuous tense can be used to express a plan or an arrangement.
現在進行時可用來表示一個在最近按計劃或打算要進行的動作；通常帶一個表將來的時間狀語, 但有明確的上下文時無須指出時間。
能用進行時表將來的動詞：
go, come, leave, start, arrive, give, return, sleep ,stay, play, do, take, get, see off, travel, fly, drive, walk, reach, meet…
Step4: Practice
1. Look at the following dialogue and underline the verbs in this tense.
A: Are you working this evening?
B: No. We’re having an English party, don’t you know?
A: Yes, I do. And we’re giving some performance at the party. What are you going to do?
B: I’m singing song with my classmates.
2. In the following dialogue, a newspaper reporter is interviewing Wang Wei about her plans for the trip along the Mekong River. However, they are not sure about some of the verb tenses. Please help them complete their conversation.
R: Miss Wang. I hear that you _____________ along the Mekong
River. That’s really exciting. Have you got everything ready?
W: Almost.
R:When are you _________ ?
W:Next Monday.
R: How far are you _______ each day?
W:It’s hard to say. If the weather is fine, I think we’ll be able to ride 75km a day.
R:Where are __________ at night?
W: Usually in our tent, but sometimes in a small hotel in town.
R: Do you think you are ______ back here soon?
W:Oh, we __________ back to this place.
We __________ home. That’ll be a month later.
R:Thank you for your time, Miss Wang. Good luck on your journey!
W:Thank you!
Answer: are going to cycle ; leaving; cycling; you staying; coming; aren’t coming; are returning
3. Multiple choice:
1.--I’m going to the states.
-- How long ____ you _______ in the States?
A. are ; stayed B. are ; staying C. have ; stayed D. did ; stay
2.--Will you tell us something about the weather there?
--I ________ to that.
A. go B. come C. am going D. am coming
3.-When are you leaving?
--The plane ________ at 11:05.
A. takes off B. took off C. will take off D. taking off
4.-I believe if we _________ abroad, most probably we will go by CAAC.
A. have been B. are going C. had been D. were going
5.-I’m going to Shanghai for a few weeks.
--_______________.
A. Good-bye B. So long C. Have a good time. D.I like it
6. A new play _____ at the theatre this week. Would you like to see it?
A. has been put on B. has put on C. is being put on D. will put on
7.-Where are you going for your holidays?
-_________.
A. What a good idea B. I’m going to Spain on business
C. I won’t have to go D. I haven’t made up my mind yet
8.-I’ll go camping this weekend.
--_____________.
A. Don’t give up now B. No, I’m too busyC. Have a good time D. Can you fish?
9.I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken
Answer: 1.B 2.C 3.A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. C 9. A
Step5: DIALOGUE
1. First show an example: Where you going on holiday?
A: Yanzi, where you going on holiday? B: I’ m going to Laos.
A: When are you leaving? B: Next Sunday.
A: How are you going to Laos? B: I’m taking a plane.
A: How long are you staying there? B: About two weeks.
A: Great. Have a good trip. B: Thanks.
Farewells:
Have a good trip/ journey; Have a good day/ time;
Enjoy yourself; Best wishes; Have fun; Good luck; Take care!
2. A game:
Divide the class into two groups with one leader. Each group will need one coin and a counter.
Procedure: 1. Show the Ss the board game.
2. Demonstrate the task: toss a coin and explain that one side of the coin means move two spaces, the other means move one space. Move your counter onto a square and speak for thirty seconds on the subjects of the square.
Encourage questions.
Step6:HOMEWORK
1.Do exercises on Page 56, 57
2.Review The Present Continuous Tense ,then do exercises on Page57,58
Period 4 Using Language
Teaching goals:
1). To read the passage A NIGHT IN THE MOUNTAINS
2). To use the language by reading, listening, speaking and writing. Teaching important and difficult points:
1).Improve the students’ writing ability.
2).Enable the students to understand the passage better.
Step 1 Lead-in
1. Enjoy the music “青藏高原”
2. Appreciate the beauty of Tibet.
3. Ask students several questions about the pictures, e.g.
What do you think of these pictures?
What’s the weather like there?
Do you want to go there? etc.
4. Talking about Tibet.
Have you ever been to Tibet? Do you want to travel in Tibet? Can you tell me something about Tibet?
Tibet lies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of the southwest border of China. The average height of the whole region is more than 4,000 meters above sea level, for which Tibet is known as “Roof of the World”. The highest peak of Tibet, also the highest in Himalayas and in the whole world, is Everest Peak, which is as high as 8,846.27 meters above sea level.
Although a part of China, Tibet has a unique culture of all its own. It is mainly inhabited by Tibetans, a minority nationality of old and mysterious people. Tourist attractions include the Potala Palace in Lhasa, Jokhang Temple, and a number of Buddhist sacred places.
Tibet (Xi Zang in Chinese) is to the south of Xin Jiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qing Hai Province, to the west of Sichuan, to the northwest of Yunnan and to the north of India and Nepal. Its population of 2.3 million people come from a variety of ethnic groups including Tibetan, Han, Monba and Lhota. Its capital city is Lhasa. Northwest Tibet, mainly Qing Hai plateau, is home to a variety of unusual and unique animals. Across the northern expanse of Tibet, you can see vast grasslands where horses, yak and sheep roam freely. The world's lowest valley, the Grand Yarlun-tzanpo River Valley lies in east Tibet. It is freezing cold in most time of the year. Most tourists come to visit Tibet only in the warmest seasons, June, July, August and early September.
Step 2 Reading
We know Wang Wei and Wang Kun have traveled down the Mekong. Today they have reached the Tibetan Mountains. They will stay there for a night. Now let’s look at the passage “A night in the mountains” on page 22. Read it quickly to find the main idea. Show some questions.
1.How does Wang Kun feel about the trip now?
2.What do you think has changed his attitude?
3.Is it natural for Wang Kun not to feel lonely?
4.Would you feel the same way in this situation? Why or Why not?
Step 3 Listen and mark
Let the students listen to the recorder and mark the rising and falling tone of each sense group and sentence. Then practice reading aloud. Pay attention to pronunciation and intonation.
Step 4 Dialogue
Suppose Wang Wei and Wang Kun leave their camp the next morning and go on with the journey. Make a short dialogue between them.
Sample dialogue :
--Oh , up so early?
--Early? It’s nearly 9 o’clock.
--Oops! (Look at his watch). I guess you’re right.
--Why were you so tired?
--Well, I stayed up late last night to watch the stars.
--That’s nice. They must be pretty.
--Yes, they are.
Then ask students to make up their own dialogues. They may discuss and practice in pairs.
Step 5 Guided writing
1.reading
In this unit, we have read the first two parts of a travel journal and have listened to the third part of the travel journal. What is the difference between a journal and a diary? Let’s read the passage on page 23 and find out the difference between the two.
A diary
A travel journal
2 Writing a letter
Now let’s do a writing practice. Imagine that you are a friend of Wang Wei. Write a short letter to her and ask her to describe: how she feels, what she is doing, and some place you want to know about. Then wish her well on her journey by using at least two of these expressions:
Have a nice/good time. Have a nice/good trip. Take care.
Good luck on your journey. Say “Hello” to …. Write to me.
Give my best/love wishes to …. Have fun.
Tell the students that they can refer to the following steps.
In pairs. Choose the details from the journey that are most interesting. Think of what else you would like to know about the journey. Write these ideas down as questions.
Now choose two or three of the best questions for your letter. Each question should have another sentence explaining why you want to know this information.
Put them in an order that makes sense.
Begin your letter as shown in the textbook and add your questions for Wang Wei.
Finish your letter as shown in the textbook.
A sample writing:
Hi, brave little Wei,
How I worry about you and Wang Kun! Do you have a good time now? I hope so. What are you doing now? Are you still in Laos? Can you tell me something about people’s life there? When are you leaving for Cambodia? When you get there, tell me about the Buddhist temples there. Please send some photos with your next letter! Well, Have a good trip and don’t forget to write to me! Give my best wishes to Wang Kun. Good luck on your journey.
Take care!
Yours,
Wang Lin
Step 6 Homework
1. Finish writing the letter
2. Review the whole unit
3. Read the passage in workbook( page 59) “The end of our journey ”.
Language points
1. one-way fare / single-way fare (單程票價), round-way fare (往返/雙程票價)
2. different kinds of transport (Br.E) / transportation(Am.E)
3. journey down the Mekong 湄公河之旅
有 “沿著”之意,相當于 “along”,
1) 由北向南,由西向東用down, 反之用up;
2) 由城鎮向農村時用down, 反之用up;
3) 依門牌號碼,由大數字向小數字行進時,應用down ,反之用up;
4) 由上而下,如:沿著山坡而下,沿著江河順流而下,從樓上到樓下由住宅到街上，應用down,
反之用up
Para.1: 4. dream of / about doing 夢想，夢見（后接名詞，代詞，動名詞）
e.g. What a small world! I wouldn’t dream of meeting you here.
The young soldier sometimes dreams of his hometown.
dream n. have/dream a dream, realize a dream
5. take a bike trip *
6. get a chance to do *
7. finally, adv. 最后，終于final adj. 最后的，n （常用復數）決賽，期末考試
e.g. We waited and waited, and the train finally arrived.
What is the final score of the table tennis single for men?
How are you prepared for your finals?
8. cycle along *
9. go for bike rides *
10. in the countryside *
11. persuade sb (not) to do, 說服某人（不）做…
persuade sb that + clause 使某人相信
Then she persuaded me to buy one.=Then she succeeded in asking me to buy one.
e.g. The salesman persuaded us to buy his product.
He tried to persuade me that he was honest.
persuade sb to do sth 指成功地說服,
“說而不服, 或說而無果”應用 advise sb to do sth / try to persuade sb to do
12. at the college/ university *
13. get / make sb interested in = interest sb, show interest in sth/ sb
get+ n./pron.+adj.=make + n./pron.+adj.
e.g. They didn’t get home after school as usual, which got/ made mother worried.
Para.2: 14. Although she didn’t know the best way of… although “雖然,但是”,引導讓步狀語從句,不與but連用
though一般可與although互用，引導的讓步狀語從句有時用倒裝語序.作副詞時, “然而,可是”,通常放于句尾,并用逗號與句子隔開
e.g. Young though he is, he is very rich.
He said he would come; he didn’t, though.
15. a way of doing/ to do *
e.g. She didn’t know the best way of getting to places.= She didn’t know the best way to get to places.
16. insist (若insist后面賓語從句的主語與主句的主語不一致,謂語由加動詞原形構成,
其中should可省略)
insist that sb (should)do 堅持認為，堅持說
insist on/upon sth/ doing 堅持做，堅決做
e.g. We insisted that father (should) give up smoking.
She insisted on/upon going to Beijing by air.
17. care about, care for, care to do
care about關心,憂慮 care for喜歡,照顧 care to do愿意/同意做某事
e.g. I don’t care (about) what happens to him.
Would you care for a drink?
Would you care to go for a walk?
18. give sb a determined look, determined堅定的,堅決的
e.g. They were determined to drive the enemy away from their country.=They determined to drive…
determine to do= make up one’s mind to do, decide to do
19. change one’s mind, mind此處解“意見，想法”，[C]
make up one’s mind 下定決心,拿好主意
e.g. Once he has made up his mind, nothing can be done to change his mind.
20. at a altitude of…* 在海拔…米處 at a altitude of 10,000 feet
21. be excited about *
22. breathe the air, take a breath
23. experience [U] “經驗，感受” have experience in/at doing
[C]“經歷，體驗”
e.g. I’d prefer a lady with rich experience in/ at looking after babies.
His experiences in Africa are interesting.
24. give in 屈服，投降，讓步 give in to sb 向某人讓步，屈服于某人
give up 放棄 give up doing/sth
e.g. The mother gave in and bought a toy for her child.
Don’t give up. You still have chances to win in the match.
Para.3: 25. pass through through指從兩邊穿過或穿過空間內部, across指從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊 “橫跨”表面
26. be surprised to do *
Sentence focus:
1. It was my sister who first had the idea…
強調句型：It is / was+被強調部分+ that/ who+其余部分
注意：強調句中it不能更換，is/was與“其余部分”的時態一致，數不受被強調部分單復數的影響，被強調部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分，被強調部分是人可用that/who，其它一律用that.被強調若是原句的主語，who/that之后的謂語動詞在人稱和數上與該主語一致。
e.g. I saw John in the street this morning.
---- It was I who/that saw John in the street this morning. （強調主語）
---- It was John that/ whom I saw in the street this morning. （強調賓語）
---- It was in the street that I saw John this morning. （強調地點狀語）
---- It was this morning that I I saw John in the street. （強調時間狀語）
2. She gave me a determined look---the kind that said…, the kind=the kind of look
the kind是a look的同位語,后面是that引導的定語從句, 其中say指 “指明,表明”
e.g The clock on the wall said a quarter to ten.
3. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it.=When she has made up hermind, nothing can change it.
once conj.一旦……(就), 一經……便……,相當于as soon as
e.g. Once you understand the rule, you will have no difficulty.
Translation: 錢一旦用完，我們該怎么辦?
What will we do once the money is gone/ used up?
一旦做了，就要把事情做得最好.
Once you do it, you should do it best.
4. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across…traveling 是現在分詞作伴隨狀語.
e.g. They came to the street, looking for the lost dog.
附：歌詞
Kokomo
Aruba Jamaica ooo I wanna take you
Bermuda Bahama come on pretty mama
Key Largo Montego baby why don't we go Jamaica
Off the Florida Keys
There's a place called Kokomo
That's where you wanna go to get away from it all
Bodies in the sand
Tropical drink melting in your hand
We'll be falling in love
To the rhythm of a steel drum band
Down in Kokomo
Aruba Jamaica ooo I wanna take you
To Bermuda Bahama come on pretty mama
Key Largo, Montego baby why don't we go
Ooo I wanna take you down to Kokomo
We'll get there fast
And then we'll take it slow
That's where we wanna go
Way down to Kokomo
To Martinique, that Monserrat mystique
We'll put out to sea
And we'll perfect our chemistry
By and by we'll defy a little bit of gravity
Afternoon delight
Cocktails and moonlit nights
That dreamy look in your eye
Give me a tropical contact high
Way down in Kokomo
Aruba, Jamaica ooo I wanna take you
To Bermuda, Bahama come on pretty mama
Key Largo, Montego baby why don't we go
Ooo I wanna take you down to Kokomo
We'll get there fast
And then we'll take it slow
That's where we wanna go
Way down to Kokomo
Port Au Prince I wanna catch a glimpse
Everybody knows
A little place like Kokomo
Now if you wanna go
And get away from it all
Go down to Kokomo
Aruba, Jamaica ooo I wanna take you
To Bermuda, Bahama come on pretty mama
Key Largo, Montego baby why don't we go
Ooo I wanna take you down to Kokomo
We'll get there fast
And then we'll take it slow
That's where we wanna go
Way down to Kokomo
Aruba, Jamaica ooo I wanna take you
To Bermuda, Bahama come on pretty mama
Key Largo, Montego baby why don't we go
Ooo I wanna take you down to Kokomo