Section I 課前準(zhǔn)備、聽力、口語(yǔ)

1. Which of the news media above is the most reliable? 以上的新聞媒體中哪一種最可靠? (p.9 Warming Up Ex. 1)

reliable adj. 可信賴的；可依靠的；確定的 ① They are reliable friends. 他們是可信賴的朋友。② Is this product reliable? 這種產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量可靠嗎? ③ Is the source of the information reliable? 那個(gè)消息的來源可靠嗎?

【鏈接】 reliably adv. 可靠地；確實(shí)地 / reliability n. 可靠性；可信賴性 / rely vi. 依賴，依靠 (與on連用，相當(dāng)于depend on) ① We can't rely on her for help. 我們不可指望她的幫助。② I rely on her to pay back the money. = I rely on her paying back the money. 我相信她會(huì)還錢。③ You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. 你放心好了，他會(huì)來接你的。

2. How do you know whether what you hear, see or read is true? 你怎么知道你聽見、看見或讀到的東西是不是真的? (p.9 Warming Up Ex. 3)

whether引起賓語(yǔ)從句，作know的賓語(yǔ)，what引起主語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。

【辨析】what；which

(1) what相當(dāng)于all that，the thing(s)that，the place that，the person that等，表示從不定數(shù)目或不定數(shù)量的事物中做出選擇。(2) which表示從已知的、確定的范圍中做出選擇。(3) which可引導(dǎo)從句，而what則不可。① What shoes are you going to wear? 你要穿什么鞋? ② Which shoes shall I wear, the red ones or the brown ones? 我該穿哪雙鞋，是紅色的還是棕色的? ③ What train are you going by? (說話人只是詢問火車的時(shí)間，而對(duì)可乘的火車沒有任何概念) 你要乘幾點(diǎn)的火車? ④ Which train are you going by? (說話人腦海里有幾趟可乘的火車) 你要乘哪趟火車?

【注意】以下句子中常用what。① What season do you like best? 你最喜歡什么季節(jié)? ② What day of the week is today? 今天星期幾?

3. The man was fired. 那人被開除了。(p.10 Listening 1)

fire的動(dòng)詞用法

(1) 解雇，開除 (=dismiss, 反義詞: employ, take on)

The company fired him for not coming to work on time. 那公司因他不按時(shí)來上班而解雇了他。

(2) 點(diǎn)燃，燃燒 It is difficult to fire wet twigs. 濕的小樹枝很難點(diǎn)燃。

(3) (以……為目標(biāo))發(fā)射(槍、彈等) He fired his gun at the big snake. 他開槍打那條大蛇。

(4) 激發(fā)(人、感情等)，使充滿熱情 The story fired his imagination. 這故事激發(fā)了他的想像力。

4. The man faced difficulties. 此人面對(duì)困難。(p.10 Listening 2)

1) face 的動(dòng)詞用法 (1) vt. & vi. 面對(duì)，面向 ① The building faces the park. 那座建筑物面對(duì)著公園。② -- How does this house face? -- It faces (to) the east. - 這房子面朝哪邊? - 朝東邊。(2) vt. 面臨(困難等)，應(yīng)付，面對(duì)；(危險(xiǎn)、困難等)迫近 ① We must face our trouble and bear it. 我們必須正視我們的困難并勇于承受。② Such was the situation we were facing. 這就是我們面臨的局勢(shì)。③ Sooner or later he'll have to face being on his own. 遲早他將不得不面對(duì)只靠自己的局面。④ The difficulty that faces us today is one of supplying food to those in need. 我們今天面臨的困難就是向急需的人提供食品。

【短語(yǔ)】be faced with 面臨，面對(duì) / face up to 面對(duì)；承擔(dān) / face the music 接受 (不愉快的后果或情況) ① I was faced with a new problem. 我面臨一個(gè)新問題。② She couldn't face up to the fact that she was no longer young. 她無法面對(duì)自己不再年輕的事實(shí)。③ The boy was caught cheating in the examination and had to face the music. 那個(gè)男孩被發(fā)現(xiàn)考試作弊，不得不接受處罰。

2) difficulty表示“難，困難”時(shí)用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“難題，難事”時(shí)用作可數(shù)名詞。如: ① I had great difficulty (in) doing the work. 我做那件工作感到很吃力。② She learned to speak French without difficulty. 她毫無困難地學(xué)會(huì)了講法語(yǔ)。③ We will face many difficulties in the future. 將來我們要面臨許多難題。

5. The man was generous. 此人很慷慨。(p.10 Listening 7)

generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的；寬容的；豁達(dá)的；豐富的，豐盛的 ① Your uncle is very generous to buy you that car for your birthday. 你叔叔真慷慨，買那部汽車祝賀你的生日。② He is generous with his money. 他出手大

方。③ It was very generous of you to forgive her. 你能原諒她實(shí)在是夠?qū)捜莸�。�?He gave me a generous lunch. 他請(qǐng)我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。⑤ There will be a generous harvest this year. 今年會(huì)有大豐收。

【鏈接】generously adv. 慷慨地; generosity n. 慷慨大方

6. Below is a list of ten things that happened today. 以下列出了今天發(fā)生的十件事。(p.10 Speaking 第1行)

本句為倒裝句，正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為：A list of ten things...is below. below 看作副詞，表示方位。當(dāng)表示方位的狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子采用全部倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)，即把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的所有組成部分都移到主語(yǔ)之前這類作狀語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的詞常見的有：away，down，in，off，out，over，up，above，below，here，there 及介詞短語(yǔ)與分詞。如：① To the list may be added the following names. 在這個(gè)名單上還可以添上下列人員。② Here is a seat for you. 這兒有你的一個(gè)座位。③ There goes the bell! 鈴響了。④ The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 門開了，史密斯先生走了進(jìn)來。⑤ Away ran the prisoner. 這犯人跑了。⑥ In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor. 報(bào)告廳的前面坐著一位教授。⑦ Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday. 黑板上寫著昨天遲到的人的名字。⑧ Sitting in the front are the leaders of our school. 前面就坐的是我們學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。

【注意】如果作主語(yǔ)的是人稱代詞，則不用倒裝。如：① In he came and the lesson began. 他走進(jìn)來開始上課。② Here he comes. 他來了。

7. Food prices are going up. 食品價(jià)格在上漲。(p.10 Speaking)

go up 此處相當(dāng)于rise，increase，意為“上升，增長(zhǎng)，提高”。如: ① The temperature has gone up. 溫度上升了。② The goods have gone up in quality, but have not gone up in price. 這些貨物的質(zhì)量提高了，可是價(jià)格沒提。

【拓展】go up 還可意為“上升，攀登；向(河的等)上游而去，沿(街)而去；響起，被聽見；被炸毀”。如: ① The lift went up to the fourth floor. 電梯升到了四樓。② There is a path going up to the mountain top. 有條小路通到山頂。③ The boat was going up the river. 船正在河上逆流而上。④ The children were going up the street. 孩子們正沿著街走去。⑤ A cheer went up in the hall. 大廳里響起一陣歡呼聲。⑥ The enemy gas tank received a direct hit and went up in a huge explosion. 敵人的汽油庫(kù)遭到直接命中，在劇烈的爆炸聲中被毀掉。

8. Two men robbed a bank in Shanghai. 兩個(gè)人搶劫了上海的一家銀行。(p.10 Speaking)

rob 意為“搶，搶劫”，用于如下結(jié)構(gòu): rob sb. / a place (of sth.) 從某人／某地?fù)屪?(某物) ① They robbed her of all her money. 他們搶走了她所有的錢。② She was robbed of her necklace. 她的項(xiàng)鏈被搶走了。③ Thieves robbed the bank of thousands of dollars. 小偷們搶了銀行數(shù)千美元。

【辨析】rob；steal；pick

rob用于rob sb. / a place of sth. 的結(jié)構(gòu)。 steal用于steal sth. (偷某物)。 pick用于pick one's pocket(掏腰包)的固定搭配。

【提示】rob sb. / a place of sth. 在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，只能說：Sb. / A place is robbed of sth.，不能說：Sth. is robbed。

9. A house in your town burned down. Nobody was injured. 你所在的城鎮(zhèn)里有一所房子燒毀了。沒有人受傷。(p.10 Speaking)

burn down意為“燒毀；使燒毀”。如: ① The woodshed was burnt down in half an hour. 半個(gè)小時(shí)小木屋就燒毀了。② These houses were burnt down (to the ground)by the enemy. 這些房子被敵人燒毀了。

【拓展】burn down 也可表示“由于燃料燒盡而火力漸弱”。The fire is burning down，get some more coal please. 火力在減弱，請(qǐng)?jiān)倌眯┟簛怼?/p>

【比較】burn up 意為“燒盡，燒光”“(火，爐等)燒起

來，旺起來”。如: ① He threw the letter into the stove and it burnt up in a few seconds. 他把信丟進(jìn)爐子，幾秒鐘時(shí)間信就燒掉了。② Put some wood on the fire and make it

burn up. 添些木柴把火燒旺。

【提示】burn down 強(qiáng)調(diào)破壞性，burn up 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的

結(jié)果。

【辨析】injure；wound；hurt；harm；destroy；damage

(1) injure指意外傷害或事故造成的傷害，有危及功能和發(fā)展之意。Several children were injured in the accident.好幾個(gè)孩子在那次事故中受傷。

(2) wound一般指刀傷、槍傷、戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷，也可指對(duì)感情的傷害。① He got wounded in the battle. 他在戰(zhàn)斗中受傷。② Her words wounded him badly. 她的話嚴(yán)重傷害了他。

(3) hurt指精神或肉體上的“創(chuàng)傷，傷害”，作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“疼”，其過去分詞不能作定語(yǔ)。① His words hurt me / my feelings. 他的話傷了我／我的感情。② He fell and hurt his leg. 他掉下來傷了腿。③ My shoes are s0 tight that my feet hurt. 鞋太緊，我的腳疼。

(4) harm一般指?jìng)�害有生命的東西，常指?jìng)�及一個(gè)人的健康、權(quán)利、事業(yè)等。① Smoking seriously harmed his health. 吸煙嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了他的健康。② They had their hearing harmed by the loud noise of machines. 他們的聽力被機(jī)器的巨大噪音所損害。

(5) destroy指通過某種有力的或粗暴的手段使之毀滅或無用，一般不能或很難修復(fù)，有時(shí)可用于比喻意義。① The earthquake destroyed the whole city. 地震毀了整個(gè)城市。② All his hopes were destroyed by her letter of refusal. 他所有的希望都被她的拒絕信毀了。

(6) damage主要指對(duì)價(jià)值和功能的破壞，多用于無生命的東西，一般還可修復(fù)。① Her heart was slightly damaged as a result of the disease. 由于生病，她的心臟輕微受損。② They managed to repair the house that had been damaged. 他們?cè)O(shè)法修復(fù)了受到破壞的房屋。

【注意】wound與injure可構(gòu)成如下形式: the wounded 傷員; twenty wounded 二十個(gè)傷員; the injured (因事故造成的) 受傷者

Section Ⅱ 閱讀

10. Experienced editors and reporters make informed decisions about what events to report, how to report them. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的編輯和記者對(duì)于該報(bào)道什么事件，如何報(bào)道做出明智的決定。(p.11 Reading第一段第1行)

informed adj. 明智的；有知識(shí)的；了解情況的 ① He is a well-informed man. 他是個(gè)消息靈通的人。② You should keep us informed whenever you are in trouble. 一有麻煩你就應(yīng)該告知我們。

【鏈接】inform 的用法: inform sb. of sth. 告知某人某事; inform sb. that / wh... 告知某人…; inform sb. + 疑問詞 + 不定式; ① I informed her mother of her safe arrival. 我通知她母親她已平安到達(dá)。② We were informed that a big fire had broken out in the next town. 我們獲知鄰鎮(zhèn)發(fā)生大火災(zāi)。③ His letter informed us how and when he was expected to arrive in Beijing. 他的來信通知了我們他預(yù)定來北京的時(shí)間和搭乘的交通工具。④ He will inform us where to go. 他會(huì)告知我們?cè)撊ナ裁吹胤健?/p>

11. They also make sere that readers can relate to the stories. 他們還確保讀者能與報(bào)道內(nèi)容相關(guān)。(p.11 Reading 第一段 第2行)

relate vi. & vt. (和……)相關(guān)；涉及；把……與……關(guān)聯(lián)起來 ① How on earth do his remarks relate to what we are discussing now? 他的評(píng)論和我們現(xiàn)在討論的事究竟有什么關(guān)系呢? ② I think we may relate these two acci- dents to his carelessness. 我們可以把這兩個(gè)事故與他的 疏忽聯(lián)系起來。③ The two men just can't relate to each other. 那兩個(gè)人怎么也合不來。

【注意】relate常與to搭配。

【 鏈接】related adj. 有關(guān)系的, 相關(guān)的；親戚的 / relation n.關(guān)系; 親戚 / relative adj. 相關(guān)的，關(guān)于……的; n.親戚

12. The two reporters agreed to switch roles for once and be the interviewees rather than interviewers in order to let us know about their work and how the news we read is made. 為了讓我們了解他們的工作以及我們讀到的新聞是如何制作與寫作的，兩位記者同意轉(zhuǎn)換一次角色，充當(dāng)被采訪者而不是采訪者。(p.11 Reading第一段 第4行)

(1) for once = just for once = for this once = this once 就這(那)一次 ① For once you are right. 只有這一次你是對(duì)的。② For once, at least, it's not my fault. 起碼這一次不是我的錯(cuò)。③ Do let me stay up later tonight, mummy - just for this once. 就讓我今晚上晚睡吧，媽媽 - 就這一次。

【鏈接】all at once 突然；同時(shí) / once and for all 永遠(yuǎn)的；一勞永逸的 / once in a while 偶爾 / once more (again) 再一次 / once upon a time 從前(用于開始講故事)

【比較】 once 意為“一次；曾經(jīng)一度”。① I will help you once but then you must do it by yourself. 我會(huì)幫你一次以后你必須自己做。② We once lived in San Francisco. 我們?cè)�在舊金山住過。

(2) rather than 此處相當(dāng)于and not，意為“而不是”。如: ① The colour seems green rather than blue. 顏色好像是綠色，而不是藍(lán)色。② They were screaming rather than singing. 他們?cè)诩饨�，而不是在唱歌。�?It is better to ask for help at the beginning rather than to wait until a busy period when everyone is rushed off their feet. 最好在開始工作時(shí)就去請(qǐng)求幫助，而不要等到大家都忙得不可開交時(shí)，再去找人幫忙。④ She telephoned rather than wrote. 她打了電話而沒寫信。

【注意】rather than連接并列結(jié)構(gòu)

【提示】rather than 連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)與前一個(gè)保持一致。He rather than you is to blame. 是他而不是你該受到責(zé)備。

【拓展】rather than 還可用于以下情況：

(1) 表示兩種說法的正確程度，意為“與其說，倒不如說”。He is an artist rather than a philosopher. 與其說他是位哲學(xué)家，不如說他是位藝術(shù)家。

(2) 表示主觀上選擇。主句表示喜歡做的事(主句中常含有would，prefer，like等)，rather than部分則表示不喜歡做的事。① I would die with my head high rather than live with knees bent. 我寧愿昂著頭死，也不愿跪著生。② Rather than go there I'd prefer to stay here on my own. 我寧愿自己呆在這里，也不去那里。

13. For long and important articles, for example, a feature story, the editor will tell me how I should develop the story. 對(duì)于重要的長(zhǎng)篇文章，例如一個(gè)特別報(bào)導(dǎo)，編輯會(huì)告訴我該如何闡述。(p.11 Reading ‘Zhu Lin’ 第3行)

develop 在本句中意為“闡述、詳述”，也可翻譯為“(逐步)展開”。① We should develop our argument point by point. 我們應(yīng)該逐步展開論點(diǎn)。② Please try to develop the idea more fully. 請(qǐng)將該意見更詳細(xì)地說明一下。

【拓展】develop 還可意為“發(fā)展、開發(fā)、養(yǎng)成、揭露、顯示、沖洗”等。① His business developed quickly. 他的事業(yè)迅速發(fā)展起來。② We need to develop solar energy even further. 我們需要進(jìn)一步開發(fā)太陽(yáng)能。③ I developed the habit of eating between meals. 我養(yǎng)成了吃零食的習(xí)慣。④ His investigation developed several new facts. 他的調(diào)查揭露了若干新的事實(shí)。⑤ Please develop these films immediately. 請(qǐng)馬上沖洗這些膠卷。

14. After the interview，the reporter must present the material in an organized way and make sure that the article reflects events and opinions truthfully. 采訪以后，記者必須有條理地呈現(xiàn)材料，并確保所寫的文章真實(shí)地反映事件及看法。(p.11 Reading ‘Chen Ying’第5行)

(1) present vt. 呈現(xiàn)；描述；介紹；贈(zèng)送 ① The mayor presented the prizes in person. 市長(zhǎng)親自頒獎(jiǎng)。② The principal presented a diploma to each of the graduates. = The principal presented each of the graduates with a diploma. 校長(zhǎng)把畢業(yè)證書授予每一位畢業(yè)生。③ I presented the letter of introduction to the receptionist. 我把介紹信呈給接待員。④ The forced agreement will present problems later. 那項(xiàng)強(qiáng)制達(dá)成的協(xié)議日后將會(huì)發(fā)生問題。⑤ They presented flowers to their teacher. 他們給老師送了鮮花。

【鏈接】present adj. 在場(chǎng)的，出席 n. 禮物 / presence n. 在場(chǎng)，出席

(2) reflect vt. 反映；表現(xiàn)；反射；映出；反省 (vi.) ① Her severe look reflected how she really felt. 她那冷峻的神情反映出她心中的真正感受。② The letter reflected her sorrow. 那封信顯露出她的悲傷。③ Her face was reflected in the mirror. 她的臉映現(xiàn)在鏡子中。④ Mirrors reflect light. 鏡子能反射光線。⑤ Please reflect on the matter. 請(qǐng)仔細(xì)考慮那件事。⑥ I reflected on possible reasons for my failure. 我仔細(xì)考慮導(dǎo)致我失敗的種種可能原因。

【鏈接】reflection n. 反射；反映；思考，沉思 / reflective adj. 反射的；反映的；沉思的

15. My favourite article is one I wrote about the efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China. 我最喜歡的文章是我寫的一篇關(guān)于如何努力把被盜文物帶回中國(guó)。(p.11 Reading ‘Chen Ying’ 倒數(shù)第1行)

(1) one 在句中作表語(yǔ)，起替代作用，以避免重復(fù)。如替代的名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式的替代詞ones。

① I haven't a pen. Can you lend me one? 我沒帶鋼筆，你能借給我一支嗎? ② I didn't buy a calculator. They only had expensive ones．我沒買計(jì)算器，他們只有貴的。

【注意】以上例句中的one替代的是泛指概念的名詞，若替代特指概念的名詞。則用the one或the ones。① Don't tie it to that old branch. I think it will break. Tie it to the one on the right. 別把它綁在那根老樹上，我想它會(huì)斷的。把它綁在右邊的樹枝上。② My shoes are similar to the ones you had on yesterday. 我的鞋子與你昨天穿的相似。

【提示】one 只能指代可數(shù)名詞，若指代不可數(shù)名詞則用that。The weather today is warmer than that yesterday. 今天的天氣比昨天的暖和。

(2) effort [U, C] 努力；艱難的嘗試；努力的成果 ① He did it without effort. 他毫不費(fèi)力地做完那件事。② Getting a high grade requires great effort. 要取得高分需要非常努力。③ All my efforts were in vain. 我的努力全都白費(fèi)了。

【短語(yǔ)】make an effort 努力，盡力 / spare no effort 不遺余力

16. I like the story because it was the first time that I had written with real passion and because it made me realise that everyone's life is different. 我喜歡這個(gè)故事，因?yàn)槟鞘俏业谝淮螒阎�真正的激情寫作，也因�(yàn)樗�使我意識(shí)到每個(gè)人的生活都是不同的。(p.12 Reading ‘Zhu Lin’ 第3行)

it was the first time (that)…是固定句式，it也可換成 this 或 that；first 也可換成 second，third 等以表達(dá)不同的意義。如: ① This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week. 這是她一周內(nèi)第四次給你打電話。② It was the second time that he had been out with her alone. 這是第二次他單獨(dú)跟她外出。

【注意】該句式的that從句中通常用完成時(shí)態(tài)，在描述過去的事情時(shí)，有時(shí)用一般過去時(shí)。

【提示】當(dāng)主句為將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。① It will be the first time that I haven't been

abroad. 這將是我第一次不呆在國(guó)外。② This will be the first time that I have visited China. 這將是我第一次訪問中國(guó)。

【拓展】the first time 可起從屬連詞的作用，引起時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。① The first time (that) I saw her, my heart stopped. 我第一次見到她時(shí)，心臟都停止了跳動(dòng)。② The first time I went to Beijing, I visited the Summer Palace. 我第一次去北京時(shí)，游覽了頤和園。

17. I want to write about people who you seldom read about, for example people who have AIDS or who are addicted to drugs. 我想寫一下那些你很少讀過其情況的人，例如患艾滋病或染有毒癮的人。(p.12 Reading ‘Chen Ying’ 第1行)

(1) read about 意為“讀關(guān)于……的文章，獲悉”。如: ① I read about the accident in the newspaper. 我從報(bào)紙上獲悉那次事故。② I know it's true, because I read about it in the official report. 我知道那是真的，因?yàn)槲以诠俜綀?bào)告中讀過有關(guān)它的文章。

【比較】read表示“讀，看”，后接讀的內(nèi)容，也可表示“理解，看懂”。① I read a good article in today's paper. 我在今天的報(bào)紙上讀了一篇好文章。② She could read his thoughts. 她能看出他的心思。③ You can read a guy's character at the first glance. 你第一眼就能看出一個(gè)人的性格。④ Silence must not always be read as consent. 不能總是把沉默理解為同意。

【提示】write，tell，know，hear，ask等都存在類似用法上的區(qū)別。

(2) addict vt. 使沉溺；使人迷；使醉心 (常用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)be addicted to) ① Don't addict yourself to such foolish things. 不要沉溺于這些愚蠢的事情。② Many students are addicted to computer games. 許多學(xué)生迷戀計(jì)算機(jī)游戲。

18. Their stories must be told if we want to solve difficult social problems and help those who suffer from them. 我們要想解決社會(huì)難題并幫助那些為難題所困的人們，就必須把他們的情況說出來。(p.12 Reading ‘Chen Ying’ 第3行)

suffer vi. 受痛苦，受苦難 ① The injured man was still suffering. 那位受傷的男子還在遭受折磨。② His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking. 他的健康因酗酒而嚴(yán)重受損。

【短語(yǔ)】suffer from 苦于……，患……病 ① This area used to suffer from floods. 這一地區(qū)過去常遭水災(zāi)。② She often suffers from headaches. 她經(jīng)常頭痛。

【拓展】suffer用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“遭受，蒙受”。① The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake. 那個(gè)城市因地震而遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。② The economy of that country has suffered a great loss. 那個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)蒙受了重大損失。

19. We shouldn't ignore what happens even if it is difficult for people to accept some stories. 即使人們很難接受某些報(bào)導(dǎo)，我們也不應(yīng)當(dāng)不顧發(fā)生的事實(shí)。(p.12 Reading ‘Chen Ying’ 第4行)

(1) ignore vt. 忽視；不顧；對(duì)……裝作不知道 ① He ignored my advice. 他忽視了我的忠告。② The driver ignored the traffic light. 那個(gè)司機(jī)不理會(huì)紅綠燈。

【鏈接】ignorance n. 無知；不學(xué)無術(shù)；不知道 / ignorant adj. 無知的；不學(xué)無術(shù)的；無教養(yǎng)的

(2) even if (=even though) 即使，縱然 ① Even if I have to sell my house, I'll keep my business going. 即使要賣掉我的房子，我還要繼續(xù)我的事業(yè)。② Even if he is poor, she loves him. 即使他很窮，她還是愛他。

【比較】though意為“盡管”，常用于陳述事實(shí)。如: ① Though he is poor, he is satisfied with his situation. 盡管他很窮，但他對(duì)他的境況是滿意的。② Her first name was Rose, though no one called her that. 她的名字是羅斯，不過沒有人這么稱呼她。

【鏈接】 as if (= as though) 好像He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他對(duì)待我好像對(duì)待陌生人似的。

20. The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒體能經(jīng)常幫助解決問題，關(guān)注需要幫助的局面。(p.12 Reading ‘Chen Ying’ 第二段 第1行)

(1) draw attention to 對(duì)……加以注意，把注意力吸引到……上來。① Her cry drew our attention to the running car. 她的喊叫聲把我們的注意力吸引到那輛行駛的汽車上。② He drew attention to the rising unemployment. 失業(yè)率日漸升高引起他的注意。

【提示】draw one's attention 中的draw也可換成catch或attract。Her sweet voice attracted / caught / drew our attention. 她甜美的聲音引起了我們的注意。

【拓展】 pay attention to 注意; devote one's attention to 專心于; call attention to 喚起對(duì)……的注意; turn attention to 將注意力轉(zhuǎn)向……; fix one's attention on 將注意力集中于……① You should pay attention to doing the experiment. 做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)惚仨毝嗉幼⒁�。�?Lenin devoted much attention to training party leaders from among the workers. 列寧很注意從工人當(dāng)中培養(yǎng)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。③ Before close I must call your attention to a problem we have to face. 在結(jié)束前，我必須讓你們注意一個(gè)我們必須面對(duì)的問題。④ During the year, the government turned its attention to improving agriculture. 這一年，政府把注意力轉(zhuǎn)向改善農(nóng)業(yè)上。⑤ You must fix your attention on what the teacher is saying. 你必須集中注意力聽講。

【注意】以上短語(yǔ)中的to都是介詞，后面不用動(dòng)詞原形。

(2) situations 后面由 where 引起了定語(yǔ)從句，表示處于某種局面或形勢(shì)下。where引起的定語(yǔ)從句除修飾地點(diǎn)外，也可修飾situation，case，point等。

21. The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated. 結(jié)果就是在各方面對(duì)世界有更好的理解，從而產(chǎn)生一個(gè)來自各國(guó)的人民都受到尊重、不同觀點(diǎn)與意見都能容忍的未來世界。(p.12 Reading ‘Chen Ying’ 第二段 倒數(shù)第3行)

(1) understanding 用作不可數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)與不定冠詞連用，意為“理解，了解；理解力；共識(shí)” 等。如: ①He has a clear understanding of the situation. 他對(duì)情況了解得很清楚。② The problem is beyond my understanding. 這個(gè)問題超過了我的理解力。③ We have reached an understanding with them. 我們跟他們達(dá)成了共識(shí)。

(2) on all sides (=on every side) 在各方面，到處 ① On all sides there was great enthusiasm over his speech. 對(duì)他的演講各方面都抱有極大的熱情。② On every side we have heard approval of his plan. 我們到處聽到對(duì)他的計(jì)劃的贊同。

【拓展】from all sides 從四面八方 / on one's side 在某人一邊，支持某人 / take sides(with) 偏向一邊，站在……一邊 / side by side 肩并肩

(3) leading to... 為狀語(yǔ)，表示結(jié)果。① The child slipped and fell down, hitting his head against the door. 那孩子滑了一跤，頭碰到了門上。② Fifteen million trees had been blown down by the high winds, blocking roads, paths and railway lines. 大風(fēng)刮倒了1,500萬棵樹，阻塞了大小道路和鐵路線。

【注意】現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)表示必然的結(jié)果，而不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。One day 1 went shopping and came back to find my front wheel missing. 有一天我去買東西，回來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車前輪不見了。

Section III 詞匯、語(yǔ)法、綜合技能

22. Nine out of ten housewives who were interviewed about the product said they liked it. 關(guān)于這種產(chǎn)品，在接受采訪的家庭主婦中十分之九的都說喜歡。(p.14 Grammar Ex.3 No.3)

out of 意為“從(某個(gè)數(shù))之中”，也可換成in。如: ① Choose one out of these ten. 從這十個(gè)當(dāng)中選擇一個(gè)。② He is safe from danger (in) nine cases out of ten. 十之八九他是安全的。

【拓展】 out of 還可表示如下意義：(1) 從…的內(nèi)部，從……到外 Don't look out of the window. 不要向窗外看。(2) 在……的范圍外 ① He is out of sight. 他在看不到的地方。② He lives a few miles out of the city. 他住在離市區(qū)數(shù)英里之外的地方。(3) 因……原因，出于I did it for her out of friendship. 我出于友好為她做那事。(4) (狀態(tài))從……離開 ① Your coat is out of fashion. 你的外套過時(shí)了。② The riot is out of control. 暴動(dòng)已經(jīng)失控。

23. And I like the way the fans look up to them. 而且我很喜歡球迷們對(duì)他們表達(dá)敬意的方式。(p.14 Grammar Ex.5 第二段 第3行)

(1) the way后面的句子是定語(yǔ)從句，此處省略了引導(dǎo)詞that或in which，它們?cè)趶木渲凶鳡钫Z(yǔ)。

(2) look up to 意為“尊敬，欽佩”，相當(dāng)于admire，respect。① We look up to the old worker as our teacher. 我們把這位老工人尊為我們的老師。② This old man is looked up to by everybody. 這位老干部受到眾人的尊敬。

24. Out many of them still think soccer is boring. 但他們?cè)S多人認(rèn)為足球很無聊。(p.14 Grammar Ex.5 第二段 倒數(shù)第1行)

bore vt. 煩擾，使厭煩 ① The long speech bored us all. 那冗長(zhǎng)的演講使我們都感到厭煩。② Are you bored with my story? 我的話使你感到厭煩嗎? ③ He always bores her with the same story. (= by telling...) 他總是重復(fù)同樣的故事，使她覺得厭煩。

【注意】bore通常跟with連用。

【比較】boring 令人厭煩的; bored 感到厭煩的

25. Americans will fall in love with this game too. 美國(guó)人也會(huì)愛上這種運(yùn)動(dòng)。(p.14 Grammar Ex.5 第三段 第2行)

fall in love with 愛上……(表動(dòng)作，不延續(xù)) ① I fell in love with her at first sight. 我對(duì)她一見鐘情。② She fell in love with the house as soon as she saw it. 一見到那所房子她就喜歡上了。

【比較】be in love (with) 意為“相愛，喜歡”，表示延續(xù)狀態(tài)。① He had never been in love before. 他以前從沒戀愛過。② If you're really in love with art, you don't mind hard work. 如果你真的喜歡藝術(shù)．你就不會(huì)介意吃苦。

26. A small group of fewer than a hundred people caused trouble for workers at our city's most successful company today. 不足一百人的一小群人今天在我們市辦事辦得最成功的公司給工人造成了麻煩。(p.15 Integrating Skills 第一圖 第1行)

(1) fewer than 少于，不足(修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞)

【鏈接】less than少于，不足(修飾不可數(shù)名詞) ; more than多于，超過(修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞)

(2) cause trouble (for) (給……)帶來麻煩或煩惱

【鏈接】ask / look for trouble 自找麻煩，自尋煩惱; be in trouble 處于困境，有麻煩; get into trouble 陷于困境; make trouble 惹麻煩; put a person to trouble 給某人添麻煩; take trouble to do 費(fèi)神做……，不辭勞苦地做

27. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth. 勇敢而又強(qiáng)壯的行動(dòng)者在工廠外與工人們進(jìn)行了交談并留下了有關(guān)保護(hù)地球的積極性宣言。(p.15 Integrating Skills 第二圖 第3行)

brave and strong 是形容詞作方式狀語(yǔ)。再如: Stone- faced, the captain ordered to reduce speed. 船長(zhǎng)面無表情地下達(dá)了減速的命令。

【拓展】形容詞或形容詞短語(yǔ)還可在句中充當(dāng)以下狀

語(yǔ)成分。

(1) 原因狀語(yǔ) Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor. 他緊張地不能回答，只是凝視著地板。

(2) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) Ripe, these apples are sweet. 這些蘋果熟了的時(shí)候是很甜的。

(3) 條件狀語(yǔ) Fresh from the oven，rolls are delicious. 面包卷如果是剛出爐的。則會(huì)很香。

(4) 句子狀語(yǔ)(對(duì)句子內(nèi)容加以評(píng)注) ①Strange to say，he did pass his exam after all. 說來奇怪，他竟然通過了考試。② More important，he's got a steady job. 更重要的是，他得到了一份穩(wěn)定的工作。

28. Do your supporting sentences focus on the main idea? 你那些提供證據(jù)的句子是針對(duì)主題思想的嗎? (p.16 Tips 第3點(diǎn)行)

focus vt. & vi. 集中(注意、關(guān)心)于……，集中注意力(與on連用) ① We must focus our attention on urgent problems. 我們必須把注意力集中在緊迫的問題上。② All eyes were focused on him. 所有目光都集中到他身上。③ He found it hard to focus on one thing for longer than five minutes. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)很難集中注意一件事在5分鐘以上。

【鏈接】focus 也可用作名詞，意為“焦距；(興趣、活動(dòng)等的)中心”。① Please adjust the focus of the telescope. 請(qǐng)調(diào)節(jié)望遠(yuǎn)鏡的焦距。② He is the focus of attention. 他是人們注意的焦點(diǎn)。

【單元語(yǔ)法】

1. 過去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

1) 過去分詞作定語(yǔ) 單個(gè)過去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在被修飾詞前，過去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)應(yīng)放在被修飾詞之后。

如: ① I bought some painted chairs. 我買了幾把油漆好的椅子。② Everybody attended the meeting held last week. 所有的人都參加了上星期舉行的會(huì)議。

【注意】

(1) 過去分詞修飾something，everything，anything，nothing，somebody，nobody等不定代詞或不定代詞those時(shí)，要放在這些詞的后面。① He is one of those invited. 他是那些被邀請(qǐng)的人之一。② Nothing reported (in the newspaper) interested him. 報(bào)紙上報(bào)導(dǎo)的事沒有一樣讓他感興趣。

(2)單個(gè)的過去分詞有時(shí)置于名詞后作定語(yǔ)。如: The experience gained is very useful. 獲取的經(jīng)驗(yàn)很有用。

(3) 有些過去分詞作前置定語(yǔ)與后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)意義不同。如: in the given time 在既定的時(shí)間內(nèi); with the words given 用所給的單詞; a wanted person 被通緝的人; workers wanted 招聘工人; a concerned look 關(guān)切的神情; the people concerned 有關(guān)人士

2)過去分詞作表語(yǔ) ① She looks worried. 她看上去憂心忡忡。② Your article is well written. 你的文章寫得很好。

【辨析】過去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別。

(1) 用作表語(yǔ)的過去分詞，被動(dòng)意味很弱，主要表示動(dòng)作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞。如：① The glass is broken. 玻璃破了。② Our classroom is crowded. 我們的教室很擁擠。

(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過去分詞，動(dòng)作意味很強(qiáng)，句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后常跟by短語(yǔ)。如：① The glass was broken by Jack. 玻璃是杰克打破的。② The windows were closed by Tom last night. 昨天夜里是湯姆關(guān)的窗。

【拓展】表示感覺的一些過去分詞 (如surprised，disappointed，excited，pleased等)及其他一些 (如dressed，drunk，devoted，lost，known，married， recovered，separated等)過去分詞可常用作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)，其中有些只表示狀態(tài)，毫無被動(dòng)意味。如：① I found that I was lost. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我迷了路。② Those days are past and gone. 那些日子一去不復(fù)返了。③ He is dead drunk. 他喝得爛醉。④ The patient is perfectly recovered from his illness. 病人已完全康復(fù)。

【注意】過去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，系動(dòng)詞除be外，也可用get，become等表示動(dòng)作，不能延續(xù)。如: ① They have been married for five years. 他們結(jié)婚五年了。② They got married five years ago. 他們五年前結(jié)的婚。