Unit 3 Art and architecture
Teaching goals:
Talk about art and architecture.
Practise expressing preference.
Learn about the Past Participle used as Object Complement.
Write about advantages and disadvantages.
Target language
1 Vocabulary
architecture, architect, preference, design, furniture, taste, sofa，honey，modern, convenient, apartment, style, stand, passage， ugly, construction, steel，concrete，impress, roof，balcony，fantastic, create, seashell，stadium，net，nest，belong，paint，aside, rent, development act as, fill up with, belong to, set aside
2 Functions：，
I’d rather …
I’m much more interested…
I really prefer…
I wouldn’t feel happy if…
I don’t get very excited about…
I prefer something that…
What I like is…
I can’t stand…
I like seeing something…
If you ask me, then…
A is to B what C is to D.
3 Grammar:
The Past Participle used as Object Complement
They wanted their buildings constructed in a way to look unnatural.
Frank Lloyd Wright found himself inspired by Japanese seashells.
I think I will have the walls painted yellow.
Teaching time: 8 periods
Periods 1& 2: Warming-up, Listening & Speaking
Periods 3& 4: Pre-reading & Reading & Post-reading
Periods 5&6: Language study
Periods 7&8: Integrating skills
Teaching procedures & ways
Periods 1&2
Warming up, Speaking & Listening
Step 1 Greetings and warming-up
1 .Ask the Ss to talk about their hometown and their houses.
Qs: where are you from, a city or a small town?
Can you describe the buildings in your hometown?
What kind of buildings do you live in, a traditional house or an apartment?
2.Show students two pictures, a tall building and a traditional yard.
Qs : what can you see in the two pictures?
What is the difference between them?
(When the Ss describe the pictures, remind the students to think about the differences in the two pictures. The students may have different opinions. Encourage them to think out reasons as many as possible. They may have a discussion.)
Suggested answers:
Block of flats Traditional house
Modern.
Convenient.
The rooms are big.
Every flat has a toilet and bathroom.
Not much contact with their neighbors.
People often feel lonely.
Flat roof.
…
Old-style.
The rooms are small.
Sometimes no toilet or bathroom.
Life is much more interesting. Neighbors get on well with each other. People can grow flowers in the yard.
The roof is sloping.(why?)
…
Qs In which house would you prefer to live? Why?
S: I like living in ….because….
I prefer living…
I’d rather live…
The students should tell others their reasons to support their choices. For example, living in the small house makes me feel warm. I like making friends with my neighbors. It looks like a big family. Encourage them to express their ideas freely.
T: Buildings in the different places are different. So what words and phrases do you think will be useful when you want to talk about art and architecture?
Show the students some different kinds of houses , ask them to describe them.
Collect their answers.( appearance: high, low, great, The palaces were large and beautiful, and they often looked like something out of a fairy tale.；materials: brick, stone, steel ,glass, wood…)
T: If you were free to design your own dream house, what would that house look like? What materials would you use? Explain why you made certain choices about your dream house?
Architect: one who designs the construction of buildings or other large structures.
Give the students enough time to discuss the question. Collect their answers.
Step 2 Speaking
1 Books open, page 18. Ask the students to listen to the sample dialogue and follow the tape. 2 Study the useful expressions. Remind them to learn the structure how to express their preferences.
3 Practice. Ask them to look at the pictures and choose the item they prefer. Try to explain the reasons.
Two tasks: One is to talk about traditional and classical furniture. And the second task is to choose a picture to decorate their room. T can start a sample dialogue like this:
T: In your dream houses, are there any chairs?
(Show some chairs) which one do you like? Why?
When they answer the question, encourage them to use expressions in the following table. A moment later, ask them to act out their own dialogue.
Sample dialogue:
A: which do you like better, classical chairs or modern chairs?
B: I prefer modern chairs.
A: Why?
B: In my opinion, modern chairs are lighter and more colorful. They are comfortable.
A:…
Step 3 Preparation for listening
T: You have already designed your own dream house , it is time to buy some furniture. What kind of furniture will you buy? And why do you prefer them?
Have a short discussion in pairs. You can introduce names of furniture, such as heater, air-conditioner and so on.
Step 4 Listening.
Books open, Page 18, listening part. It is a talk between a young married couple, Danny and Amy and a shop assistant.. They want to buy some furniture for their new house. Ask the students to go though the exercises and make sure what to do.
Play the tape twice for the students to listen and finish the exercises by themselves. They may check the answers in pairs.
Then play it a third time for the students to check their answers. Check them with the whole class in the end.
Step 5 Homework
1 .Decorate your bedroom and classroom. And talk about your decoration.
2 Find out about the history of art and architecture, names of artists and architects, famous buildings and works of art in the world as much as possible. Share the ideas with others.
Periods 3&4 Reading
Step1 Pre-reading
Enjoy pictures of both modern architecture and classical architecture
1 Greetings
We’ve really had a wonderful tour around the world last time, seeing the marvelous architecture home and abroad, modern and classical. I hope you enjoy that… but I wonder if all of you can recognize some of the most famous architecture.
2 Brainstorming or guessing game
---Name the pictures: Sydney House; the Eiffel Tower; the Temple of Heaven…
Q1: Among all of these pictures, which ones are different from others? Or you may say which ones belong to modern architecture.
Q2: How do you know which ones belong to modern architecture? What’s the difference between modern architecture and classical (ancient) architecture?
If you want to know more and to enjoy the beauty of modern architecture, you’d better join us, as we are going to have a new journey, the journey to the world of modern architecture.
Step2 While-reading
1 Fast- reading
----Find the difference between modern architecture and classical architecture in the text.
Q1: What’s the difference between modern architecture and classical architecture?
Difference
Modern architecture Classical architecture
Materials Steel, iron, glass… Stone, brick, wood…
Characteristics Huge; like boxes; unfriendly Beautiful, closer to nature
Q2: What kind of materials is used? What other materials do you know?
Q3: What’s the characteristic? How do people feel towards modern architecture?
2 Careful-reading
Find out the information according to the key words
Modern architecture
Q1: When was modernism invented? -----1920s
Q2: How many architects are there in the text? ---Antonio Gaudi/ Wright
Q3: Where were they from? ----Spanish/ American architect
Q4: What did Gaudi want to be used in his works? What’s the characteristic of his architecture? How is his architecture like?
----Natural materials/ like a dream, full of fantastic colors and shapes.
Q5: What inspired Wright? ----Japanese seashells
Q6: How many examples are there in the text?
----The Opera House/ the new Olympic Stadium
Q7: How do they look like? ----Seashell/ nest
Q8: Why do we call the 2008 Olympic Stadium in Beijing” the Bird’s nest”?
Q9: What do they (two architects / two examples) have in common? ---Nature
3 Listening
----While listening, pay attention to the key points in the text.
Step3 Post-reading
Task 1: Interview (group work)
Task2: Design (group work)
--- Design the architecture of a new school.
---Report four elements: what kind of materials is used? / Why do you design in this way? / How do the architecture look like? / What’s the style?
Step4 Homework
1. Exchange designs with your classmates and exhibit them.
2. Report what you have learned about modern architecture next time.
Periods5&6 Language study
Step1 Lead-in
Check the homework.
1. Sum up the differences between traditional architecture and modern architecture .
2. What does great architecture have in common?(All of them take examples from nature)
Step 2 Word Study
Part 1 vocabulary
Give the Ss 1 minute to finish part 1, then check the answers in pairs.Part2 Sentence pattern: A is to B what C is to D
Look at the following sentences, try to translate them into Chinese, then find out what they have in common :
1.A nest is to a bird what a house to a man.
(鳥剿和鳥的關系就和房子和人的關系一樣)
2Water is to fish what air is to men.
(水和魚的關系就于空氣和人的關系一樣)
These two sentences have something in common-they are using the same sentence pattern. What is it?
→A is to B what C is to D
Show the Ss more pictures, Get them to find out the relationship between these pictures, and create sentences using the above pattern.
Fur is to a fox what the _____is to a banana.
____are to a house what words are to a text.
An architect is to ____________ what a painter is to art.
Water is to fish what______ is to a man.
Give the Ss 2 minutes to finish Exx onP21
Step 3 Grammar
T: I’m very glad that you like my new home. Our new school is far away from the downtown, so a new market is build near our school. I’ll guide you to the market to see what you can do there.
show the Ss the picture and ask them to describe it.
--What can you see in the market?
--Let’s see what can we do here?
Give examples: I can have my hair cut here.
I can have my bike mended.
Ask the Ss to make similar sentences.
T: in all these sentences we use a sentence pattern-“have something done”.
Now let’s see the pairs of sentences, and compare A and B.
A: I can have my bike mended
B: I can have the car waiting for me.
A: I found myself tied to a tree.
B: I found myself walking in a forest.
Watch more sentences on page 22.
Examine all the sentences carefully, and find out when we use –ing form and when we use –ed form.
→ passive voice: -ed
active voice: -ing
Look at the pictures, can you find out another difference between –ing form and –ed form.
Let’s do some exercises.
Matching
Did you find the city done?
When will he ever get the work greatly changed?
She can’t make herself called.
Next week I’ll have my bedroom understood.
You’ve got to keep the door locked.
I got the watch repaired.
She heard her name decorated
Completing
I don’t want any bad words____(say) about him behind his back.
Please get the work____(do) as soon as possible.
I’ll have the materials_____(send) to you next Monday morning.
She won’t have her long and beautiful hair____ (cut) short.
You should make your voice______(hear).
I want you to keep me_________(inform) of how things are going with you.
The rent sounds reasonable. How would you like it________(pay).
At last I succeeded in making myself__________(understand).
Step 4 Homework
1.Workbook page 97, exercises 1-5
2.Workbook page 98, exercises 1-2
Periods 7&8 Integrating skills
Step 1 Revision
Talk about the Ss’ dream house decoration to revise the grammar: have… done
Step 2 Lead-in
Show the Ss some pictures of the Forbidden City on the PPT, ask them Qs: What were these buildings used for when they were built? And what are they used for now?
These buildings are given a second life,They are being reused. Today we are going to read a passage about a second life to an old factory.
Step 3 Fast reading on “ Factory 798 ”
And the same story goes with an old factory called “Factory 798”. Has anybody ever heard of that? If no, let’s open our books and read the passage on Page 23. Try to find out: “What is Factory 798? ”（ an old army factory ; an arts centre;）
Step 4 Careful reading
Now let’s get some detailed information about Factory 798. Please read the second paragraph of the passage carefully again and find out:
Q: What was Factory 798 like?
→ huge factory halls of bricks
→ small round windows that remind you of ships
→ bent roofs
→ 20-foot high walls of glass
More questions on the screen to guide the reading:
1. When was Factory 798 built? Who designed it? Who built it?
2. Why is it very different from Chinese architecture?
--- We’ve known that Factory 798 was built in 1950s. As time went by and things developed, what happened to it then?
→ no longer used/ needed
→ stood empty
--- What has happened to it now?
→ turned into an arts center
3. How did Factory 798 turn into an arts center?
4. Why was Factory 798 welcomed by painters, music bands, artists and musicians?
Step 5. Listening and reading
Listen to the tape and get a better understanding of the text. Please follow the tape in a low voice and pay attention to the pronunciation of the new words and phrases which you’re not sure of. At the same time, please try to find out the following new language points in the text and see how much you can understand them in English.
< Show the language points on the screen. >
1. pull down
2. stand
3. with… aid
4. remind … of
5. set aside
Step 6 Retelling
Read the text and try to summarize the text. That is to say, suppose you are a journalist from CCTV 9 and you’ve just paid a visit to the famous Factory 798. Please make a TV program to introduce Factory 798 to our citizens in your own words. I’ll give you three minutes to read through the text by yourselves and get prepared for the retelling.
Step 7 Discussion
In almost every city around the world, there are old buildings which are no longer used, such as schools, hospitals, factories or even churches. What do you think people should do with them? Why?
→To pull down the old buildings and set up new modern ones to keep up with the pace of the society.
→New uses should be given to old special buildings. It’s a great way to save the architecture from the past.
Step 8 Writing.
--- Since we all agree that giving the old special buildings new uses is a great way to save the architecture from the past, now it’s time for you to have a practice and show your ability. Suppose our school is moving to the new campus now and the old campus will be left empty then. You are young painters, artists, musicians, and you can rent some parts of the school building to practice. How do you want to change the school buildings? What new uses can be given to the old school buildings? Please work in groups and make a plan about it.
Step 9 Homework.
1. Finish the program about Factory 798 as a TV reporter.
2. Finish your plan about how to reuse our old school buildings.
In this unit you have learnt about art and architecture. How comfortable do you feel doing each of the skills below?
Language points
1． prefer喜歡；偏好；寧愿(后接名詞或代詞、不定式、動名詞、不定式復合結構、接從句)
Which would you prefer , tea or coffee?
茶和咖啡你喜歡哪一種?
I prefer coffee．我更喜歡咖啡。
Jeffenson preferred to go and see in the people．杰斐遜喜歡到人民中間去調查走訪。
Our families preferred going out west to celebrate American 200th birthday．
我們全家人寧愿去西部旅行慶祝美國200周年慶典。
I prefer you to stay here with me． 我愿意讓你和我一起住在這兒。
I prefer that you can phone me as soon as you arrive at your home．
我更愿意你一到家就給我打電話。
l prefer science to languages．我喜歡理科而不喜歡文科。
I prefer reading to watching TV．與看電視相比我更喜歡閱讀。
He preferred to die rather than give in． 他寧死不屈 =Rather than give in，he preferred to die．
[考題1] (1)Rather than on a crowded bus,he always prefers _____ bicyele．(全國高考題)
A．ride：ride B．riding；ride C．ride；to ride D．t0 ride；riding
[解析] 分析句子結構可知，本題考查prefer to do sth．rather than do sth．的句型用法.該結構中可以將rather than do sth．提前至句首以予強調。[答案] C
(2)一Which would you prefer ，tea 0r coffee?
I'm not thirsty．Thanks anyway．
A．better；Neither B．best；Both C．more；None D．不填；Neinler
[解析]prefer的含義為like doing sth else better，釋義中已含有比較級的意味，因此在實際運用中，不再與比較或最高級連用；從答語的“不口渴”，可知，無論是茶還是咖啡，都不想品嘗，因此否定兩者用neither，而用來否定三者或以上的副詞要用none。[答案] D
2．impress壓出印記；印上；給……留下印象；強調
He impressed the pot with his seal． 他把他的印記印在罐子上.
The book didnt’impress me at a11． 這本書沒有給我留下一點印象。
She impressed me as being very rude． 她給我的印象是十分粗魯。
He impressed me with the importance of the work． 他讓我明白了工作的重要性。
His first speech as president made a strong impression on his audience．他當主席后的第一次演講給聽眾留下了深刻的印象。
[考題2] (1)The speech by the mayor of Shanghaii before the final voting for EXPO 20lO is strongly impressed my memory．
A．t0 B．over C．by D．0n (2003年上海春季高考題)
[解析] 句意表示“上海市的市長為爭取2010年世博會的演講給我留下了極為深刻的印象.”所缺介詞與impress組成“給……留下印象”講，介詞用on，為習慣表達。[答案] D
(2)He--a design on cloth．。
A．pressed B．impressed C．put D．placed
[解析] 句意表示“把設計圖案印制在布上”，而press表示“按，壓”不合題意。C、D兩項只表示“放置”，也不合題意.[答案] B
3． creation J1．創造
creature n．生命；生物
Man creates himself.人類創造了他本身。
Shakespeare created many comic characters．莎士比亞創造了許多喜劇人物。
That would create a wrong impression．那會造成一個錯誤的印象。
Her new dress created much excitement．她的新衣引起了極大興奮。
[考題3] It is the people who history
A．create B．invent C．discover D．find
[解析] 易排除c、D兩項，因為本題不是考查“找尋”的用法，而是考查“創造”。create指從無到有，從粗糙的原料到完美的產品，既可用于具體事物，也可用于抽象的事物；invent指經過研究，實驗等手段設計或創造出前所未有的東西，常用于具體的東西。本句話的含義為“創造歷史的正是人民大眾。”[答案]A
4．fill up填寫；斟滿；占掉(時間)；淤積
I want you to fill up this form.我要你填這張表。
Fill up the cask with hot water． 請把熱水瓶灌滿開水。
I filled the room up with furniture. 我把房間裝滿家具。
The theatre filled up rapidly．劇院很快坐滿人。
Ihe gutter has filled up with mud． 溝槽里都是泥。
[考題4]Seeing her lovely daughter running towards her，the young mothers heart tenderness and happiness．
A．was filled 0f B．Was full with C．Was filled with D．was full by
[解析] 本題考查“充滿”的表達，除了用be filled with外，還可以用be full 0f。因為均是習語，所以不可更改兩個詞組的任何部分。
[答案] C
5.stick貼、粘；插、扎；卡住、陷在……里；伸出；突出，n．棍 子 .手杖
stick to堅持(真理、作法等)；堅持干(某事)
He stuck a needle in my arm． 他把針扎進我的胳膊里。
The key has stuck in the lock．鑰匙卡在鎖里了。
I stick to what I said/the truth.我堅持我所說的／真理。
[考題5]He had a great idea that one should whatever one had begun．
A．insist on B．stick to C．stick out D．stick with
[解析] 本題既考查了insist on與同義詞sitck to的區別，又兼顧了stick out／with的用法。insist on后一般接v一ing形式，表示“堅持做某事”，很少直接接名詞或從句。stick out意為“伸出；堅持到底(vi)”，stick with意為“和……在一起；扎／刺”，二者均不符合題意。 [答案]B
6．set aside存儲；放在一邊；取消(=put away)
Each week he tried to set aside a few dollars 0f his salary．
每周他盡量從薪水中省下幾塊錢。
My objections were set aside． 我的反對無人理會。
Peter set aside the papers and reached for his cigarettes and matehes．
彼得把文件放在一邊拿起了火柴。
[考題6] It is wise to have some money for old age．
A．put away B．kept up C．given away D．1aid out (全國高考題)
[解析] 本題測試具體語境中動詞的運用問題。keep up有“保
持下去”之意，give away表示“免費贈送；分發”，lay out表示“花費，使用”，均不符合語境體現出來的“為年老而存錢”。[答案]A
7．share分享；分擔；合用；共同具有 n.一份；一份責任、功勞；股票
We need friends to share happiness and sorrow．我們需要朋友分享幸福，分擔悲傷，。
Those chestnuts smell good．Let’s share them．那些栗子聞起來真香，咱們一起吃咆。
Everyone in the house shares the bathroom．這所房子的人合用一個浴室。
We all take an equal share．我們都分到了均等的一份。
[考題7]Let Harry play with your toys as well，Clare - you must learn to ．
A．support B．care C．spare D．share (2000年高考題)
[解析] support表示“支持；闡述；贍養”，care表示“關懷；在乎”，spare表示“抽出，均出”，均不符合語境所體現的“克勞爾，讓亨利一起同你分享玩具玩”。本題考查從具體語境中選擇詞匯的用法。[答案] D
8．taste的用法
作名詞講時。有“味道；愛好；鑒賞力，品味”等意。
作形容詞講時，有“有吸引力的；經精心挑選”的意思。
作動詞講時，有“嘗，品嘗”之意。
I don't 1ike the taste 0fthis coffee．我不喜歡這杯咖啡的味道。
She has developed a taste for modern art．她漸漸培養出對現代藝術的愛好。
The fumiture Was very tasteful．家具十分雅致。
Can I taste a piece 0f that cheese t0 see what it’slike?
我可以嘗一嘗那塊干酪的味道嗎?
引申：(be)in bad taste指舉止言談粗俗；失當。
Some 0f his comments were in bad taste．
Tasteless akj.庸俗；沒味道；不得體
Tasty adj.(tastier，tastiest)美味
have a taste 0f sth．有……的味道
The pudding has a taste 0foranges．那布丁帶有橙味
[考題8](1)The oranges taste ________
A．well B．good C．badly D．wonderfully
[解析】 “嘗起來”，taste后應跟形容詞作表語。[答案] B
(2)Pop music is liked by many poople,but it is not_____everyone's taste．
A．with B．in C．on D．to
[解析] “適合某人的口味”應為短語to one's taste。[答案] D
(3)The cook______the soup．It_______delicious．
A．tasted；tasted B．is tasted；is tasted
C．tasted；was tasted D．i8 tasted；tastes
[解析] 分析句子結構及用法可知，第一空測試taste作為實義動詞的用法，含義為“品嘗（某食物）”，是個及物動詞；第二空因為有句未形容詞delicious ，所以taste此時“搖身一變”，變成了連系動詞，表示“嘗起來”，后接形容詞作表語，無被動式。
9．convenient adj．方便。便利的
I’m willing to meet you on any day that is convenient for you．
我樂意在你方便的任何日期與你相見。
[考題9] Come over and have a chat witlI me whenever_______ ．
A．you will be convenient B．it wiU be convenient to you
C．you are convenient D．it is convenient to you
[解析] It is+adj.for sb．／sth．to do sth．為固定詞組。類似于
convenient用法的還有necessary、national、important、impossible等等，這些形容詞都是用來說明做某些事的特點，因而不可用人作主語，而應用于上述句型當中。[答案]D
10．復合形容詞的構成
(1)數詞+名詞，數詞+名詞-ed或數詞+名詞+單數+形容詞
a ten-speed bieyele 十速自行車
(2)形容詞+名詞
a full-timejob 專職工作
(3)名詞+現在分詞
Englingh-speaking countries 講英語的國家
(4)形容詞+現在分詞
an ordinary-looking girl. 相貌一般的女孩
(5)名詞+過去分詞
a man-made satellite 人造衛星
(6)副詞+現在分詞
hard-working people 勤勞的人們
(7)副詞+過去分詞
a well-known doctor 著名醫生
[考題10](1)The village is far away from here indeed．It’s_____
walk．(2004年上海高考題)
A．a four hour B．a four hour’s c．a four-hours D．a four hours’
[解析] “四小時的路程”有兩種表達：a four hours’walk和a four-hour walk。[答案]D
(2)His job is t0 sell the______carvings(雕)in the______ department 0f the company(湖北省部分重點中學聯考題)
A．Wooden； sales B．wood；sales C．Wood；sale D．wooden；sale
[解析]在Wood與carve之間存在動賓關系：所以形成構詞法時，用“名詞+ V．-ing'’形式，即wood carving；表示“銷售”時。作定語要用sales。[答案] B
11．表示“忍受”的三個詞(組)
它們是stand、bear與put up with。
He cannot titand criticism．他受不了批評。
It will stand firing up to 1300℃．它可以經受住高達1300度的度。
If I were you I wonldn't put up with his behaviour any 1onger．
如果我是你，我將再也忍受不了他的行為。
I can't bear the pain／my brother／this weather．
我受不了這苦痛／我的弟弟／這種天氣。
[考題11] --Mum，it is nice weather．I want to skate this afternoon．(2003--2004年海淀區期中練習題)
--Don't you think the ice on the lake is too thin to____your weight?
A．stand B．bear C．catch D．take
[解析] 兒子想去滑冰，母親擔心冰層太薄，承受不住兒子的重量。所缺詞表示“承擔；承受……重量／負彬東西”等，應用bear。
stand常用于人，指面對痛苦、艱難、侮辱等不畏縮后退，bear指能忍受磨難、冷靜地面對現實，強調容忍的能力，常用于口語，常可與put up will連用。[答案] B
12．表示“瞟；望”的三個詞組
(1)glance，指“很快地望一望，看一眼”，多與at連用。
He glanced at tlle envelope and reeognized his ather’s handwriting．
他看了一下信封就認出來了他父親的筆跡。
I glanced around／abou∥round the room． 我向屋子里四處看了看。
(2)stare表示目不轉晴地長時間的“注視”；
(3)glare表示怒氣沖沖地“盯著”，二者一般都與at連用。
The two fighters glared at eaeh other． 兩位斗士惡狠狠地盯著對方。
Robinson stared at the footprints．full 0f fear．魯濱遜盯著腳印看，心里充滿了恐懼。
[考題12](1)一Do you like________in public?
一I don't think so．It makes me nervous．
A．to be glared B．being stared C．to be 100ked D．being stared at
[解析] 表示“盯、看”時，后一般要接介詞at，所以A、B項排除。c項中的1ook為不及物動詞，本身就沒有被動式，也被排除。句意為“你喜歡在大庭廣眾之下被人盯著看嗎?”[答案]D
(2)The two men stood____angrily at each other，while the crowd
loeked on with amusement．
A．staring B．daring C．dancing D．seeing
[解析] 三個同義詞中，只有glare可以與表示感情的詞連用。本題中含有angrily，所以用glare。[答案]B
13．如何“舉例子”
take．．．for example舉……為一個例子 for example(=for instance)例如
Such as(=like)比如／諸如 and so on等等(進行概括，不一一列舉)
Chadie’s early films，such as(=like)City Lights，are well received．
Take Xiao Wang(for example)．舉小王為例。=Take Xiao Wang(for instanee)．
[考題13] There are several people interested in your new plan，
__________Mr Jones and Dr Simpson．
A．that is B．for an example C．1ike D．included
[解析]that is作插入語，含義為“也就是說”，不用來舉例子；for example是習慣用法，中間的an因為習慣而要省略；include含義為“包含”，也不用來舉例，用來表示附加說明，而且放在名詞前面時要用including，放在名詞后面時才用included。[答案] c
14．1ook at與1ook after的次常見含義
look at (1)（徹底）檢查 (2)考慮，研究 (3) 認為 (4)讀；閱讀
My tooth aches，I think a dentist shotlld 1ook at it．我牙痛，想找牙醫檢查一下。
The government is looking at ways of reducing the number of stray dogs．
政府正研究減少野狗數目的方法。
Different races and nation-alities 1ook at life differendIy．
不同種族和國籍的人對生命都有不同的看法。
look after負責某事物
our neighbours are looking after the garden while we are away
我們不在家的時候，由鄰居照料花園。
[考題14](1)r11le old woman's son_______all her financial affairs．
A．does with B．10eks after C．100ks at D．deals with
[解析]look after有“料理，照料”的意思。題目意思為“這位老婦人的所有財務都由她的兒子打理。”[答案] B
(2)一I felt very bad these days．
-0h，you should_______your body．
A．build up B．1ook at C．think D．take care
[解析]依題意，可知1ook at符合題意，在句中表示“徹底檢查”之意。若選D項則加0f。若用build one's body則表示“強身健體”，也不完全符合題意。[答案] B
15．句型A is to B what C is to D的用法
這個句型是用來打比喻的，用已知來比喻未知。它的主句是作者要告訴讀者的語義重點(新信息)，而what從句只不過是讀者已知的內容(道理)而已。what在這種句型中是關系代詞，在語義上相當于that which(the thing which)。what從句在主句中起表語(主語補語)的作用，what在句中也起表語(主語補語)的作用。
The Chinese Communist Parst is to people what fish is to water．
中國共產黨對于人民就像魚對于水
[考題15] Reading is to the mind_______food is to the body．
A．what B．that C．which D．of which (大學生競賽題)
[解析] 句意為“讀書之于頭腦正如食物之于身體。”What food is to the body這個從句表達的是讀者已知、熟悉的內容，而reading is to the mind才是全句的語義重點。又如：
Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground．
家具對于臥室就像體育設施對于操場。[答案]A
16．“充當”的三種表達
act as作“充當；起……作用”。類似用法有 work as．serve as . .
He acted as chairman in my absence．我不在時，他臨時充當主席。
He acted as secretary to the Board．他擔任董事會的秘書一職。
He will serve as mayor．他將任市長一職。
The sofa served as a bed．那張沙發作為床用。
[考題16]_____monitor of our class，little Mike decided to
_____his classmates heart and soul．
A．Serving as；serve B．Serving as；serve as
C．Serving；serve as D．Serving；serve
[解析] 本題要求區別serve與serve as的用法。前者為“為……服務”，后者為“作為…’’。從語境可知，第一空符合后者，第二空符合前者。
[答案]A
17．“不顧”的兩種表達
despite作介詞，意為“盡管(有某種情況)”。In spite of與其意義及用法完全相同，可以互換。
He came to the meeting despite his serious illness.盡管他的病很嚴重，他還是來出席會議了。
Despite advanced years-he is 1earning t0 drive．
盡管有一大把年紀了，他還是開始學起開車來。
In spite of the heavy rain．she went to school as usual．
盡管有大雨，她還像往常一樣上學。
[考題17]一You 1ook upset．Anything wrong?
一I failed in the physics exam again___all the efforts I made．
A．in spite of B．because of C．but for ．as to (2003年武漢市訓練題)
[解析] 答語前半句意為“我的物理考試又失敗了”，后半句意為
“我作了全部努力”，兩句之間存在著讓步關系，所以填表示該關系的in spite of，相當于despite。而because of所表示的含義與情理不符，but for引導虛擬語氣，也不合題意。As to表示“至于，關于”，被排除。[答案]A
18．“連接”的兩種表達
(1)join to作“把……和……連接在一起”。
He joined the two pieces of wood with nails．‘他用釘子把那兩塊木板釘起來。
The worker are joining an island to the mainland by a bridge．
工人們正在架橋把一個小島與大陸連起來。
(2)同義詞組為connect…with，強調用中間媒介或一定的手段把兩個或多個物體在某一點上連接起來，但彼此較為獨立。
Buses and trucks connect the mountain villages with the outside．
公汽與卡車把山村和外界連起來了。
[考題18] (1)A good student must_____what he reads_______what he sees around him．
A．connect；to B．join；to C．connect；with D．join；with
[解析]本題測試了“把……與……連接起來”的表達，看起來B項與C項均可，但本題并未強調外形結合及連接后的獨立性(join的用法)，而是強調“關聯；聯系”：一個善于學習的學生應該把所學的知識與所見所聞聯系起來。答案為C。
(2)Countries all over the world are______with computer．
A．joined B．connected C．taken D．related
[解析] join與relate均與介詞to連用。只有be connected with才為正確表達。表示“由……連接”。[答案] B
19．“make+賓語+賓語補足語”的用法
這個結構中的賓語補足語可以用名詞、形容詞、動詞的過去分詞、不定式、副詞等表示賓語的情況或動作。make帶不定式作賓語補足語時，要省略不定式符號，但當make用于被動語態時，不定式符號不能省略。
The Americans elected Bush their President．美國人民選布什為他們的總統。
We wi11 make our country richer and stronger．我們將會使我們的國家變得更富強。
He tried to speak clearly to make himself understood．
他盡量說得清楚些以使別人聽懂他的話。
Don't make him drink too much． 別讓他喝得太多。
[考題19] (1)Little Tom doesn't have to be made_____．He always works hard．
A．1earn B．to learn C．1earning D．1earned (全國高考題)
[解析] 從to be made可知，被動語態中表示動作的不定式符號要恢復。[答案] B
(2)He is made_______monitor of our class．
A．a B．the C．one D．不填
[解析]在"make+賓語+賓補”句型中，如果作賓補的名詞是表示獨一無二的職位時，該名詞前不再加任何冠詞；。否則會產生誤解與歧義。[答案] D
20．含set的詞組小結
set about開始(某工作)；著手做某事 set aside把……放在一邊，存儲
set down寫／記下來(指車輛)停下來讓(乘客)下車
set free釋放 set off開始，啟程
set out從某地出發上路 set up使某人健康／有錢創業等；設置；建立
They've set off on ajourney round the world．他們已經開始環游世界。
The government has set up a working party to 1ook into the problem of drug abuse．
政府已成立工作組調查濫用毒品問題。
[考題20] (1)The company has______a new braneh in wales．
A．took up B．changed C．set up D．set out
[解析]A選項通常指“從事”，如“take up doing sth.”而B、D兩項與句意不符。[答案] C
(2)It is time for supper now．Please______your books aside so that.we can use the table for supper．
A．take B bring C．set D．carry
[解析]set．．．aside表示“把……放在一邊，收起來”，符合語境“把書收起來以便吃晚飯”。[答案] c
21．過去分詞作賓語補足語的學習
(1)在某些動詞如make，have，get，find，keep，leave或某些介詞(如with)等感覺動詞等后面往往可以帶上賓語及賓語補足語(對賓語進行進一步補充、說明、修飾、限定)形式。充當賓語補足語的重要部分之一是過去分詞，用來表示該動作的被動與完成。
I found a dog killed on the road． 我發現一只狗被碾死在路上。
He left his work unfinished． 他走了，工作未完成。
Please get the report typed as soon as possible．請盡快地把報告打印出來。
(2)have sth．done的三重含義：
①請叫／讓別人(替自己)做某事
I had my hair cut yesterday．昨天我理發了。
②使某事(被人或自己)完成
He had his house repaired．他把房子修了一下。
③(別人)使(賓語)遭受(意外、不好的)某事
I had my wallet stolen．我的錢包被偷了。
I had my leg broken．我的腿摔斷了。
[考題21](1)一Cood morning．Can I help you?
-I’d Iike to have this package_____，madam．(全國高考題)
A．be weiglIed B to be weiglled C．to weigh D．weished
[解析] 這是顧客與營業員之間的對話。顧客要把包裹給營業員稱量一下，符合have sth．done的用法。[答案] D
(2)Having passed all the tests，she felt a great weight____off her mind．(2002年山東濰坊題) A．taking B．taken c．take D．to be taken
[解析]從結構可知，本題測試“動詞+賓語+賓補”的用法中不同形式作賓補的區別：不定式表未來的動作， V．-ing表示正在進行的動作，過去分詞表示完成、被動的動作。從本題語境看，通過考試后，她精神上的負擔也被卸下了，因此要用過去分詞作賓語補足語。[答案]B
(3) Ihe murderer was bfought in，with his hands___ behind．
A．tied B．tying c．to tie D．being tied
(全國高考題)
[解析]從句中含有with可知，本題測試with后面的賓語補足語的形式問題。從tie與hand之間存在動賓關系可知，此處賓語補足語要用過去分詞形式。[答案]A ’
22．I must say I'd rather live in a traditional siheyuan．我想我寧愿住在傳統的四合院里。
(1)would rather后跟不帶to的不定式，即動詞原形，常用縮寫式’d rather。
一How about a drink?喝一杯怎么樣?
一I'd rather have something to eat．我寧愿來點兒吃的。
(2)would rather的否定式是在would rather后加否定詞not，即would rather not do sth．
eg：I would rather not go out tonight，if you don't mind．
如果你不介意的話，今晚我不想外出了。
He would rather not listen to jazz．他不愿意聽爵士音樂。
(3)在表示“寧愿……而不愿……”時，要用would rather．．．than．．．這一結構，表示在兩者之中進行選擇。使用這一表達方式要注意用“平行結構”，即在than的前后要用兩個同類的詞或詞組，如兩個名詞，兩個動詞不定式，兩個介詞詞組等。
eg：I would rather have red apples than green ones．我寧愿要紅蘋果，而不愿意要綠的。
I would rather listen to music than go swimming．我寧愿聽音樂，而不愿去游泳。
I would rather talk with her mother than with her father．
我寧愿同她母親談，而不愿同她父親談。
(4)would rather后接從句，通常用過去式表示虛擬語氣。
eg：I'd much rather you told me the truth．我真寧愿你把真相告訴我。
I'd rather he had told me about it．我寧愿他告訴了我那件事。
一What would you like ，the bigger or the smaller?
一1 would rather the smaller．
A.choose；choose B. to choose；choose C to choose；to choose D. choose；to choose
23．furniture
n. a11 those movable things such as chairs，beds，desks,etc
needed in a house，room，office，etc．(總稱)家具；是不可數名詞。 eg：a piece of furniture一件家具
two old pieces of furniture兩件舊家具
We had little furniture．我們幾乎沒什么家具。
The old table was a very valuable piece of furniture．那張舊桌子是一件很值錢的家具。
He would like to buy some fashionable for his new flat.
A.furniture B. furnitures C.luggage D. luggages
24．roof[ru：f]．top covering of a building屋頂，頂部
eg：Don't climb onto the roof．不要爬上屋頂。
They can't live under the same roof．他們無法生活在同一個屋 。
【警示】roof的復數形式是roofs，而不是rooves(×)，類似的以“f”結尾的可數名詢復數直接加s的詞有以下幾個：belief(信仰、信念)、chief(首領)、cliff(懸崖)、gulf (海灣)、proof(證據)、serf(農奴)
25.belong．be the property 0f屬于，適合
eg：These books belong to me．這些書是我的。
That 1id belongs to this jar．那個蓋子是配這個瓶子的。
I belong to the tenni’s club．我是這個網球俱樂部的人員。
【警示】該詞不可用于進行時態，如不能說The car is belonging to my uncle．也不用于被動語態，后面的賓語常是名詞或賓格代詞，不能用名詞性物主代詞：“mine， yours，hers，his．．．”
belongings n．(使用復數)(個人的)所有物，財產，攜帶物品eg：
The tourists lost all their belongings in the hotel fire．因旅館失火，游客財物盡失。
26. pull down
(1)拉下(遮簾，簾子等)
eg：Shall I pull down the blinds?我可以放下百葉窗嗎?
(2)拆毀，拆掉
eg：The old houses were being pulled down．那些舊房子正在拆除中。
(3)使……虛弱
eg：His long illness had pulled him down．他因長期患病身體虛弱。
【拓展】
① pull in拉近，(列車等)到達，進站 ②pull off脫掉、取下
③pull on穿上，戴上 ④pull OUt拔出，駛出，出站
⑤pull through渡過難關 ⑥pull up使……停止
⑦pull up to／with追上，趕上
These houses are being pulled . A new building will be built there．
A．out B．0n C．down D．off
單項填空
1.He seems to like me but I can’t_______the sight of him．
A．take B．hold C．stand D．make
2.Did they Iive_____European style when they were in Japan?
A．in B．on C．with D．to
3.Will you drop in at my house this afternoon if_______?
A．it is convenient for you B．you are convenient
C．it is convenient of you D．you will be convenknt
4.she missed the plane，_____driving very fast to the air-port．
A．despite B．unless C．though D．without
5._____their country has plenty of oil，ours has none．
A．While B．When C．Before D．Where
6.They used to take their holidays in their own country ______foreign countries．
A．in favour of B．in preference to C．in honour of D．in spite of
7.We saw the houses in the street____in order to make room for a large square．
A．puned off B．pulled up C．pulled down D．pulled in
8.They hurried back home only to find their house______ into．
A．break B．to break C．broken D．breaking
9. -Doesn’t Elaine want to see that movie?
-Yes，but she says____go tonight．
A．she’ll rather not B．she’d rather not
C．she’d not rather D．she won’t rather
10.The house has been standing_____without use for months．
A．empty B still C．quietly D．1onely
11.A nest is to a bird____a house is to a man．
A．where B．how C．what D．when
12.When he came to，he found himself____on a chair；
with his hands______back．
A．to sit；tied B．sitting；tying C．sat；tied D．sitting tied
13.We do not feel______to enter modern buildings；every-thing about them seems unfriendly．
A．invited B．inviting C．to invite D．to be invited
14.I’m going to have my letters_____tomorrow if I’ve got them ready by then．
A．to type B．type C．typed D．typing
15.Every great Culture in the past had its own ideas of beauty___in art and literature．
A．expressed B．to express C．being expressed D．to be expressed
答案：單項填空
1 C 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 B 7 C 8 C
9 B 10 A 11 C 12 D 13 A 14 C 15 A