9B Unit 3 Asia（1）
第三單元 亞洲
重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)
1. Wow, the Great Wall is amazing, isn’t it? 哇，長城令人驚訝，是不是？
反意疑問句表示說話人對所陳述的事情有所懷疑或不肯定，想通過對方的回答來加以肯定或否定。
★反意疑問句的構(gòu)成有兩種。第一種結(jié)構(gòu)是：肯定的陳述句＋逗號＋一般疑問句的簡略否定＋問號，對于反意疑問句的肯定或否定回答與一般疑問句的回答方式一樣。如：
① “You are a teacher, aren’t you?” “Yes, I am. /No, I’m not.”
“你是個(gè)教師，是不是？”“是的。/不，我不是。”
② “She was here yesterday, wasn’t she?” “Yes, she was. /No, she wasn’t.”
“她昨天在這里，是不是？”“是的。/不，沒在。”
③ “They borrowed some money from you, didn’t they?” “Yes, they did. /No, they didn’t.”
“他們向你借了些錢，是不是？”“是的。/不，他們沒向我借錢。”
★第二種結(jié)構(gòu)是：否定的陳述句＋逗號＋一般疑問句的簡略肯定＋問號。對于這種形式的反意疑問句作回答的時(shí)候，不要過分注重問句中的否定詞not在前還是在后，只要事實(shí)是肯定的，就用Yes，如事實(shí)是否定的，就用No。用Yes回答，后面就不能再用not，用No回答，后面就必須有not，這種情況與中文的表達(dá)習(xí)慣很不一樣。請注意下面例句中中英文在表達(dá)上的差異。
① “Your sister isn’t coming back today, is she?” “Yes, she is. /No, she isn’t.”
“你姐姐今天不會(huì)回來，是嗎？”“不，她今天會(huì)回來。/是的，她今天不會(huì)回來。”
② “You can’t do it well, can you?” “Yes, I can. /No, I can’t.”
“這事你做不好，是嗎？”“不，我能做好。/是的，我做不好。”
③ “There wasn’t a football game on TV last night, was there?”
“Yes, there was. /No, there wasn’t.”
“昨晚電視里沒有足球賽，是嗎？”“不，有足球賽。/是的，沒有。”
【注】在簡略回答中，如果主語有變化，并用but在語氣上加以轉(zhuǎn)折，也會(huì)出現(xiàn)用Yes和not搭配以及用No而不用not的情況。如：
① “Your father isn’t a doctor, is he?” “No, but my mother is.”
“你父親不是個(gè)醫(yī)生，是嗎？”“對，不過我母親是個(gè)醫(yī)生。”
② “Most of you aren’t from Beijing, are you?” “Yes, but I’m not. /No, but I am.”
“你們大多數(shù)人不是北京人吧，是嗎？”
“不，大多數(shù)是，但我不是。/對，但我是北京人。”
★陳述句中含有never, few, little, hardly, nothing, nobody等具有否定含意的詞，后面疑問部分應(yīng)用肯定形式。如：
① You never saw Mr King before, did you? 你以前從未見過金先生，是嗎？
② There are few apples left on the tree, are there? 樹上沒剩幾個(gè)蘋果了，是嗎？
③ He has little money for food, does he? 他幾乎沒錢買吃的，是嗎？
④ Little Mary can hardly walk by herself, can she? 小瑪麗還不太會(huì)自己走路，是嗎？
⑤ There’s nothing in that box, is there? 盒子里什么也沒有，是嗎？
⑥ Nobody saw you do it, did they？ 沒人看到你干這事吧，是嗎？
【注】在口語中，陳述部分一般用降調(diào)，但后面疑問部分可用升調(diào)，也可用降調(diào)。如疑問部分用升調(diào)，則表明提問者對陳述部分的真實(shí)性把握不大，希望對方來確定；如疑問部分用降調(diào)，則表明提問者對陳述部分的真實(shí)性有一定把握，只須對方來印證一下。
2. amazing的用法
★amazing是amaze的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，用作形容詞，意為“令人大為驚訝的”，在句中作表語或定語，主語往往是某物。如：
① They have got an amazing achievement. 他們?nèi)〉昧梭@人的成就。
② That’s amazing, isn’t it? 真是令人驚嘆，是不是？
③ The amazing discovery made us feel surprised. 這項(xiàng)驚人的發(fā)現(xiàn)使我們感到驚詫。
④ They do an amazing amount of work. 他們工作量大得驚人。
★amazed用作形容詞時(shí)，意為“感到驚異或者吃驚”，是人對事物所產(chǎn)生的感受，它的意思接近surprised。在句中常作表語，其主語往往是人。如：
① We were amazed to find that no one was hurt in the accident.
我們很驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)竟沒有人在事故中受傷。
② I was amazed at her knowledge of space. 她豐富的太空知識令人大為驚訝。
③ He was banging so loudly I was amazed I didn’t hear him.
他把門敲得乒乓響，真奇怪，我沒有聽見。
④ They were amazed how little I had changed. 他們驚訝的是我竟然沒有改變多少。
★amaze用作動(dòng)詞，表示“fill with a feeling of great surprise or wonder”，意為“使驚奇”“使詫異”。如：
① He amazed everybody by passing his driving test. 他駕駛考試合格使大家很驚奇。
② Her remarks amazed the people present at the meeting.
她的講話使會(huì)上的人們感到很驚奇。
③ It amazes me that anyone could be so stupid. 真是難以置信，置有人這么笨。
【注】amazement是amaze的名詞形式，用作不可數(shù)名詞。如：
① He looked at me in amazement. 他驚奇地看著我。
② To my amazement, I passed the test easily. 令我吃驚的是，我輕易地通過了考試。
3. too many和too much的用法
★too many意為“太多”“過多”，常用作定語，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。如：
① He made too many mistakes in his composition. 他的作文里的錯(cuò)誤太多了。
② There are too many cars on the roads. 馬路上汽車太多了。
③ There are too many people on the bus. 公交車上有太多的人。
④ There are too many problems on his mind. 他心事重重。
★too much可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在句中作定語；too much還可以單獨(dú)使用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)代詞，在句中作主語、賓語或表語；too much還可用作副詞，在句中作狀語，表示“過多”“太多”(= more than enough)。如：
① He has too much trouble in his life. 他生活中的麻煩太多了。（作定語）
② Too much has been said today. 今天說得太多了。（作主語）
③ He eats too much, so he is much too fat. 他吃得太多，所以太胖了。（作賓語）
④ The work is too much for me. 這工作我干不了。（作表語）
⑤ You’re asking too much. 你問得太多了。（作狀語）
⑥ Don’t let the children watch TV too much. 不要讓孩子們過多地看電視。（作狀語）
【注】too much一般不能單獨(dú)用在be動(dòng)詞之后。我們可以說There was too much noise，但不能說The noise was too much.
4. Although there’s still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.
雖然有很長的路要走，但是我們一定要堅(jiān)持到底。
to go是動(dòng)詞不定式用作定語，修飾名詞way。a long way是不定式to go的邏輯狀語。不定式作定語，位置都在名詞之后，它與名詞的關(guān)系有下列幾種：
★名詞是不定式的邏輯狀語：
① Is this the way to do it? 這是干這事的辦法嗎？
② It is time to start. 是開始的時(shí)候了。
③ The government has announced new measures to deal with inflation.
政府宣布了對付通貨膨脹的新措施。
★名詞是由動(dòng)詞變來的，原動(dòng)詞和不定式是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：
① Anne’s desire to please her mother-in-law was clear to all of us.
安妮希望討好她的婆婆，這一點(diǎn)我們都清楚。
② She expressed a wish to earn her own living. 她表達(dá)了要自己謀生的愿望。
③ The managing director announced his intention to retire. 總經(jīng)理宣布了他打算退休。
④ You have not kept your promise to write me more frequently.
你沒有遵守常給我寫信的諾言。
⑤ You have no need to worry. 你沒有擔(dān)心的必要。
★名詞是由形容詞變來的，原形容詞和不定式是固定搭配：
① His anxiety to go was obvious. 他渴望走，這一點(diǎn)很明顯。
② She was dying with curiosity to know where we had been. 她極想知道我們到哪去了。
③ I feel doubtful about his ability to do the work. 我有點(diǎn)懷疑他做這項(xiàng)工作的能力。
★名詞是不定式的邏輯賓語：
① He has a large family to support. 他要養(yǎng)活一個(gè)大家庭。
② There are some difficulties to overcome. 有些困難要克服。
③ You have given me much to think about. 你使我想了很多。
④ He is not a man to trifle with. 他不是一個(gè)容易對付的人。
★不定式的邏輯主語有三種情況：句子的主語；不定式修飾的名詞；用介詞for或of引出：
① I have something to do. 我有些事情要做。
② He was the first to arrive and the last to leave. 他是第一個(gè)來最后一個(gè)走。
③ This is the best book on the subject to appear this year.
這是今年出版的有關(guān)這個(gè)問題的最好的書。
④ It is kind of you to say so. 你說這些話太好了。
⑤ Here is a new book for you to read. 這里有一本新書你可以看一看。
5. continue一詞的用法
★continue作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“繼續(xù)（做某事）”，后面跟名詞、代詞、不定式或動(dòng)名詞。如：
① The meeting will be continued after a break. 休息后再繼續(xù)開會(huì)。
② The young man continued his study after his father died.
在父親死后，他將中斷的學(xué)業(yè)繼續(xù)下去。
③ The rain continued falling/to fall all afternoon.
這場雨整整一個(gè)下午都下個(gè)不停。
【注】continue用在引語后，意為“接著說”。如：
① “I like your country very much,” he continued. 他接著說：“我非常喜歡你們的國家。”
★continue作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“繼續(xù)（下去）”“延續(xù)”。如：
① They continued on for two kilometers. 他們又繼續(xù)向前行進(jìn)了兩公里。
② The rain continued for two days. 雨連續(xù)下了兩天。
③ Are you going to continue with the project? 你打算繼續(xù)做這個(gè)項(xiàng)目嗎？
④ She will continue in her present job until a replacement can be found.
在沒有找到替換人以前，她將繼續(xù)她目前的工作。
⑤ The winter continued damp and wet. 這個(gè)冬天一直潮濕多雨。
6. Wake me up on your way back. 你回來時(shí)叫醒我。
★wake up意為“醒來”“把……叫醒”。up是副詞，如果后面接賓語時(shí)，要注意賓語的位置：如果賓語是代詞，則必須位于wake和up之間；如果賓語是名詞，則既可以位于wake和up之間，也可以位于up之后。如：
① The old man woke up in the midnight. 這老人半夜自己醒了。
② The child woke up and began to cry. 那小孩子醒了就開始哭。
③ The noise work me up. 那噪音把我吵醒了。
④ It’s 7:00 now. Please wake up Jim. = It’s 7:00 now, Please wake Jim up.
現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了，請把吉姆叫醒。
⑤ Don’t talk so loud. You’ll wake them up. 別那么大聲說話，你會(huì)把他們吵醒的。
★wake up還可表示“覺醒”“覺悟”“使覺醒”“使覺悟”。如：
① More and more oppressed people are waking up. 越來越多的被壓迫人民在覺醒。
② I wish you would wake up! 我真希望你醒悟過來！
7. Chinese knot中國結(jié)
★knot作名詞，表示“（用線、繩、索等打的）結(jié)”。如：
① Tie the two ropes together with a knot. 將兩條繩子打個(gè)結(jié)系在一起。
② Make a knot at the end of the string. 在繩頭上打個(gè)結(jié)。
③ Look, the girl’s hair is full of knots. 瞧！那女孩的頭發(fā)打滿了結(jié)。
★knot作名詞，表示“（樹枝/干上的）節(jié)子，節(jié)疤”。如：
① The body of the tree has a lot of knots in it. We have to choose another one.
這棵樹身上長滿了節(jié)疤。我們得另選一棵。
② The old man didn’t find the knots in the wood.
那老人沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)木頭里的疤痕。
③ You can put the knot wood over there. 你們可以把有節(jié)木料放在那邊。
★knot作名詞，表示“一小群（人）”。如：
① Little knots of people were walking out of the building.
人們?nèi)宄扇簭哪谴贝髽抢镒叱鰜怼?/p>
② People are standing about in knots, waiting for the news.
人們?nèi)宄扇赫局戎ⅰ?/p>
★knot用作動(dòng)詞，有“打結(jié)”“把……打結(jié)”的意思。如：
① The young man carefully knotted his tie. 年輕人仔細(xì)地打著領(lǐng)帶。
② She had a scarf knotted around her neck. 她把繞在脖子上的圍巾打了個(gè)結(jié)。
③ I didn’t knot the two ropes together. 我沒有把兩根繩子結(jié)在一起。
④ This wire is too difficult to knot easily. 這鐵絲太不容易打結(jié)了。
8. The currency used in China is the yuan. 在中國流通的貨幣是元。
★currency作名詞，有“通貨”“貨幣”的意思。如：
① You’ll need some cash in local currency but you can also use your credit card.
你將需要一些當(dāng)?shù)氐呢泿努F(xiàn)金，但也可以使用信用卡。
② Today the USA currency is very strong now. 今天美國鈔票很值錢。
③ The robber hid the paper currencies in a big bag and the gold currencies in a jar.
強(qiáng)盜把紙幣藏在一個(gè)大袋子里，把金幣藏在一個(gè)壇子里。
④ Foreign currencies can be used to buy things in some shops in this city.
這個(gè)城市里有幾家商店可以用外幣購物。
★currency作名詞，是“通用”“流行”“流傳”的意思。如：
① The term “post-industrial” now has wide currency.
“后工業(yè)化”這個(gè)術(shù)語現(xiàn)已廣為使用。
② The rumor soon gained currency. 謠言不脛而走。
③ Most slang words have short currency. 大多數(shù)俚語只通用一時(shí)。
④ Don’t give currency to idle gossip. 不要傳播閑言。
9. At the centre of Beijing is the Forbidden City. 紫禁城位于北京市中心。
★forbidden主要用作形容詞，意思為“被禁止的、禁用的”。如：
① Parking forbidden. 禁止停車。
② We mustn’t enter the forbidden zone. 我們不能進(jìn)入禁區(qū)。
③ That is the story about the forbidden fruit. 那就是關(guān)于禁果的故事。
④ The conversation was in danger of wandering into forbidden territory.
談話很可能離題而涉及嚴(yán)禁討論的領(lǐng)域。
★forbid作動(dòng)詞，有“禁止”“不準(zhǔn)”“妨礙”的意思。它的過去式和過去分詞是forbade和forbidden。如：
① Photography is strictly forbidden in the museum. 博物館內(nèi)嚴(yán)禁攝影。
② Smoking is forbidden here. 這里禁止抽煙。
③ My father forbade me to watch television. = My father forbade my watching television.
我父親不準(zhǔn)我看電視。
④ The doctor has forbidden me sugar. 醫(yī)生禁止我吃糖。
10. almost與nearly的用法
★almost用作副詞，意為“幾乎”“差不多”，可用來修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等，表達(dá)的意義要比nearly強(qiáng)。如：
① Hurry up－it’s almost time for school. 趕快，差不多到上學(xué)時(shí)間了。
② I almost dropped the plate. 我差點(diǎn)把碟子掉子。
③ Almost a third of the freshmen said they were working during the summer vacation.
幾乎三分之一的一年級學(xué)生說他們在暑假期間打工。
④ They have lived there for almost 20 years. 他們在那兒住了差不多有二十年了。
⑤ I almost forgot that it was her birthday today. 我差點(diǎn)忘了今天是她的生日。
【注】almost修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞，位置在被修飾的詞語之前，通常不直接修飾名詞。
★almost可以與no, none, nobody, nothing, never連用而nearly則不可。如：
① Almost no one believed her. 幾乎沒有人相信她。
② I almost never see her. 我?guī)缀鯊奈匆娺^她。
③ Almost none of the students passed the exam. 幾乎沒有學(xué)生通過考試。
④ There’s almost no place to sit. 差不多沒地方坐了。
★nearly意為“幾乎”“差不多”，可以修飾不定代詞、動(dòng)詞、介詞短語等，表達(dá)的意義要比almost弱。如：
① Nearly all the guests are here. 差不多所有客人都到了。
② He thinks that he knows nearly everything. 他自認(rèn)為幾乎無所不知。
③ I’m nearly ready. 我差不多準(zhǔn)備好了。
④ She nearly won first prize. 她幾乎得到頭獎(jiǎng)。
★nearly用作數(shù)詞前，意為“大約”“差不多”。如：
① It’s nearly 5 o’clock. 大約五點(diǎn)鐘了。
② He’s nearly sixty. 他差不多60歲了。
★not nearly意為“相差很遠(yuǎn)”“遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于”，相當(dāng)于far from, much less than。如：
① There isn’t nearly enough time to learn all these new words.
要把這些新詞都學(xué)會(huì)了，時(shí)間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。
② We are not nearly ready for the inspection. 對檢查一事，我們還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)未準(zhǔn)備好。
③ It is not nearly so easy as you think. 這遠(yuǎn)不是你們所想的那么容易。
④ There are not enough people here to do the job. 這工作遠(yuǎn)非這里的人就能干好的。
11. The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.
明朝和清朝的皇帝過去常常住在這里。
★used to do表示“過去常常做某事”，言外之意就是現(xiàn)在已不是如此，因此沒有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，后面總是跟不定式。如：
① It used to be a very rich village. 這個(gè)村子以前很富。
② We used to help him a lot when he first came here. 他剛來時(shí)我們經(jīng)常給他以幫助。
③ She used to come and see me a lot. 她以前常來看我。
【注】used to構(gòu)成疑問句時(shí)可借助于助動(dòng)詞did或直接將used移至主語之前。如：
① Did you used to see each other? = Used you to see each other?
你們以前經(jīng)常相互見面嗎？
★used to在構(gòu)成否定時(shí)可借且于didn’t，也可直接在used后面加not構(gòu)成。如：
① She didn’t use to drink. = She used not to drink. 她過去不常喝酒。
★be used to +名詞或動(dòng)名詞表示“習(xí)慣于某事或做某事”，這里to為介詞，后面的動(dòng)詞須用-ing形式。如：
① I’m really not used to such close and wet weather.
我實(shí)在不習(xí)慣這樣悶熱且潮濕的天氣。
② He’s used to being treated like that. 他已習(xí)慣于被那樣對待。
③ I’m used to dealing with matters of this kind. 我已習(xí)慣于處理這類事。
【注】連系動(dòng)詞get, become, grow, seem等可用來代替be，和used to連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)逐漸習(xí)慣的過程。如：
① You’ll get used to that in time. 你很快就會(huì)對此習(xí)慣的。
② I’ve become used to such food. 我已習(xí)慣吃這樣的食品。
★be used to do表示“被用來做某事”，這里be used是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，后面接不定式。如：
① This room is used to store rice. 這間屋是用來存放稻谷的。
② This word can be used to replace that word. 這個(gè)單詞可以用來代替那個(gè)單詞。
12. It was changed to a museum about 70 years ago.
大約在七十年以前，它被改成了博物館。
★change用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“改變”“變化”“使改變”。如：
① He changed his name and address. 他更改了他的姓名和地址。
② The wind has changed direction. 風(fēng)改變了方向。
③ Leaves change colour in autumn. 秋天，樹葉改變了顏色。
④ Information technology has changed the way people work.
信息技術(shù)已改變了人們的工作方式。
【注】過去分詞可作表語或定語。如：
① Yes, she was utterly changed. 是的，她有了非常大的變化。
② She was a changed girl. 她完全變了一個(gè)人。
★change用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“換（衣、藥、錢等）”“交換”。如：
① She likes changing her clothes when she wants to go out.
她想要出去時(shí)，喜歡換換衣服。
② Remember to change their dressing in time. 記得及時(shí)給他們換藥。
③ Yesterday they changed their seats with the children in the cinema.
昨天在電影院里，他們和孩子們調(diào)了一下座位。
④ Can you change the dollars into RMB? 你能把這些美元換成人民幣嗎？
★change用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“改變”“變化”“換衣”“換車”。如：
① Pudong has changed a great deal. 浦東發(fā)生了巨大變化。
② Mike hasn’t changed. He looks exactly the same as he did at school.
邁克一點(diǎn)沒有變，他和上學(xué)時(shí)一模一樣。
③ I went into the bedroom to change. 我走進(jìn)臥室更衣。
④ Where do I get off to change to Bus 14? 換十四路公共汽車在哪兒下？
⑤ Passengers for Xian change at Zhengzhou. 到西安的旅客在鄭州換車。
★change用作名詞，有“變化”“改變”“轉(zhuǎn)變”“更改”的意思。如：
① Great changes have taken place since he left. 他離開后變化很大。
② We must make a change in the plan. 我們應(yīng)該對計(jì)劃作一點(diǎn)更動(dòng)。
★change用作不可數(shù)名詞，有“找頭”“零錢”的意思。如：
① I have no change about me. 我身邊沒有零錢。
② I don’t have any small change to leave as a tip. 我沒有零錢留下來付小費(fèi)。
13. You will be attracted by its beautiful design, and the clothes and furniture that the emperors used in the past.
你會(huì)被它美麗的設(shè)計(jì)、過去皇帝穿的衣服和用的家具所吸引。
★attract是動(dòng)詞，表示“吸引”“引起”興趣、關(guān)注、贊賞等，后面的賓語可以是人，也可以是sth.。如：
① He was attracted by her smile. 他被她的微笑所吸引。
② I guess it was her eyes that attracted me first. 我想是她的眼睛先迷住了我。
③ What attracts me most to the job is the chance to travel.
這份工作最吸引我的是有旅行的機(jī)會(huì)。
④ Her new book has attracted a lot of attention. 她的新書吸引了許多人的注意。
⑤ It was so noisy that he had to shout to attract attention.
太吵鬧了，他不得不高聲叫喊以吸引他人的注意。
⑥ The story has attracted a lot of interest in the media. 該報(bào)道引起了傳媒的廣泛關(guān)注。
【注】attract后接sb.作賓語時(shí)，常可與介詞to連用，attract sb. to sth.意為“吸引某人到某事物上來”，如句③；attract后接sth.作賓語時(shí)，作賓語的名詞通常為attention, interest等，如句④、⑤和⑥。表示吸引某人的注意力可以說attract/invite/draw/call one’s attention；表示“注意別人或其他事物”應(yīng)說pay attention to sb./sth.，兩者意思相反，如：Her sweet voice attracted other’s attention. (她甜美的聲音吸引了人們的注意。)
★動(dòng)詞attract還可以表示“招引”“吸引”“引誘”的意思。如：
① A magnet attracts iron. 磁石吸鐵。
② Flowers attract bees. 花招引蜜蜂。
③ The company is trying to attract good college graduates.
這家公司試圖吸引優(yōu)秀的大學(xué)畢業(yè)生。
④ They’re trying to use low rents to attract more new business to this area.
他們試圖用低租金來吸引更多新企業(yè)到這一地區(qū)來。
★attraction是動(dòng)詞attract的名詞形式，意為“引力”“吸引力”“誘惑力”“吸引或誘惑人的人或物”。如：
① The attraction of the moon for the earth causes the tide.
月球?qū)Φ厍虻奈σ鹆顺毕?/p>
② Being your own boss is one of the attractions of owning your own business.
自己當(dāng)老板是擁有自己的企業(yè)的吸引力之一。
③ The beautiful beaches are the island’s main attraction.
美麗的海灘是這個(gè)島吸引人的主要之處。
14. Just next to the Forbidden City is Tian’ anmen Square.
緊挨著紫禁城的是天安門廣場。
★just作副詞，意為“正好”“恰好”，作此意解時(shí)通常只用于肯定句中。如：
① It is just two o’clock. 現(xiàn)在正好兩點(diǎn)鐘。
② This is just the point. 問題就在這里。
③ I was just going when she came in. 她進(jìn)來時(shí)我正要走。
【注】just意為“正好”“恰好”，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，是副詞，作狀語，修飾形容詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞等。如：
① That is just long enough. 那正夠長。
② He was just standing when the bell rang. 鈴響時(shí)他正要站起來。
③ She was sitting just here. 她那時(shí)就坐在這兒。
④ That’s just what I wanted. 我要的正是那個(gè)。
★just作副詞，可表示“僅僅”“只是”。如：
① Just a line to let you know that I have arrive in Shanghai.
略寫幾句告訴你，我已到達(dá)上海。
② He is just a child. 他只是個(gè)孩子。
★just作副詞，還可表示“剛才”“方才”。如：
① He was just here. 他剛才還在這兒。
② He just told me about it. 他剛才才告訴我這件事。
③ He has just left here. 他剛離開這兒。
【注】just意思是“剛才”“方才”，英國英語中常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，置于助動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞之間；just now表示“片刻之前(= a moment ago)”，與過去時(shí)連用，不與完成時(shí)連用。在美國英語中，just常被置于動(dòng)詞前，與過去時(shí)連用。如：
① I have just seen her. 我剛剛見過她。
② I saw him just now. 我剛才見到了他。
③ The train has just arrived. 火車剛剛到了。
④ The train jus arrived. 火車剛剛才到。
★just用作副詞，常與only連用，意思是“勉勉強(qiáng)強(qiáng)地”“差一點(diǎn)就不能”“好不容易才”。如：
① We could just see the roof. 我們勉強(qiáng)能看到屋頂。
② I only just caught the last bus. 我差一點(diǎn)趕不上末班公共汽車。
③ I just managed to finish the work. 我好不容易才完成工作。
★just用于祈使句句首，以加強(qiáng)說話人的語氣，意思是“試請”“且請”。如：
① Just think of the result! 就請考慮一下后果吧！
② Just a moment, please. 請稍等片刻。
③ Just feel it! 你摸摸看！
15. peace一詞的用法
★peace作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“和平”“安靜”“平靜”。如：
① We love peace but we are not afraid of war.
我們熱愛和平，但我們也不怕戰(zhàn)爭。
② After the war, there were ten years of peace. 戰(zhàn)后有十年的和平時(shí)期。
③ Here is peace in the countryside at night. 農(nóng)村夜間是安靜的。
④ A man who is wanted by the police can have little peace of mind.
被警察追捕的人的心情是不會(huì)太平靜的。
⑤ Knowing that she had arrived safely restored my peace of mind.
得知她已平安到達(dá)，我就安心了。
★peace作名詞，還可以解釋為“和約”。如：
① Peace was signed in the spring of that year. 和約是在那年春天簽訂的。
② A peace was at last signed between the two countries. 兩國終于簽訂了和約。
★peaceful作形容詞，意為“安靜的”“和平的”“平靜的”“愛好和平的”。如：
① The hillsides looked very peaceful. 山坡上看來十分寧靜。
② China is a peaceful nation. 中國是一個(gè)愛好和平的國家。
③ I want to live in a place more peaceful than here. 我想住在一個(gè)比這里更安靜的地方。
★in peace意為“安靜”“安寧”。如：
① Leave me in peace to read my book. 讓我安靜地看書吧。
② Leave him in peace; he’s trying to work. 別吵他，他要工作。
★make peace意為“休戰(zhàn)”“講和”。如：
① The two countries made peace. 這兩個(gè)國家休戰(zhàn)了。
② The leaders of the two nations decided to make peace. 兩國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人決定講和。
16. It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.
它（天安門廣場）是世界上最大的廣場，并總是擠滿了游客。
★fill是動(dòng)詞，意思是“(使)充滿”“(使)裝滿”，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作。如：
① Please fill the glass with water. 請把杯子注滿水。
② He filled the bag with clothes. 他把包裝滿衣服。
★fill也可表示一個(gè)狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于be filled with，但表達(dá)形式不同，請注意下面的表達(dá)法。
① Smoke filled the room. = The room was filled with smoke. 房間里濃煙彌漫。
② Tears filled her eyes. = Her eyes were filled with tears. 她眼睛里充滿了淚水。
③ People were filled with pleasure at the news. 聽了這個(gè)消息，人們心中充滿了喜悅。
【注】句③是一種引申用法，不宜說Pleasure filled people…。
★full是形容詞，意思是“滿的”“充滿的”。Be full of = be filled with，都表示狀態(tài)，但介詞搭配不一樣。如：
① The bag is full of (或filled with) books. 包里裝滿了書。
② His homework was full of (或filled with ) mistakes. 他的作業(yè)里都是錯(cuò)誤。
17. Many of them gather here to watch the raising of the national flag at sunrise every day.
每天，他們中有許多人在太陽升起的時(shí)候聚集在這里看升國旗。
★gather用作動(dòng)詞，意為“集合”“聚集”“……靠攏”。如：
① Thousands of people gathered for the rock concert.
數(shù)以千計(jì)的群眾聚集起來聽搖滾音樂會(huì)。
② A crowd soon gathered. 很快聚集起一群人。
③ A musical evening with the whole family gathered round the piano.
全家圍在鋼琴旁的音樂晚會(huì)。
★gather也可作“采集”“收集”“收拾”解釋。如：
① She gathered her belongings and set off. 她把東西收拾好，就走了。
② It was the time for gathering the harvest of corn. 該收玉米了。
③ Let’s gather some flowers for the festival! 讓我們?yōu)閼c祝節(jié)日采些花吧！
④ Children are interested gathering shell-fish at low tide.
孩子們喜歡在落朝時(shí)采集貝殼動(dòng)物。
⑤ The moment the wheat was gathered in, a storm broke out.
麥子剛收好，就下了一場暴雨。
★collect作“收集”“聚集”“收藏”“使集中”解。如：
① The student collected (= gathered) his books and went out of the reading room.
那名學(xué)生把書收了起來，走出了閱覽室。
② A crowd of people collected (= gathered) to watch the game.
一群人聚集起來觀看比賽。
③ Collecting coins/stamps is one of my hobbies.
收集郵幣/郵票是我的一種愛好。
④ I’m collecting /gathering information for my research. 我在為我的研究收集信息。
⑤ Dark clouds are gathering/collecting. 烏云越積越厚。
【注】指一種愛好性質(zhì)的收集用collect，而不用gather。集中思想且有控制意味，用collect，不用gather。指農(nóng)民“收拾莊稼”，說gather crops，而不說collect crops。另外，gather可和together連用，而對于collect來說，together則顯得多余。可以說He gathered together/collected his papers. 他把稿子集中起來。可以說People gathered together. 或People collected up. 人們聚集了起來。但不說collect together.
18. raise與rise的用法
★raise (raised, raised)作及物動(dòng)詞，表示“撫養(yǎng)”“養(yǎng)育”；raise還有“飼養(yǎng)”“喂養(yǎng)”“種植”“提出”“舉起”“抬起”“提高”的意思。如：
① The old lady raised six orphans in her life. 這位老太太一生撫養(yǎng)了六個(gè)孤兒。
② Where was he raised? 他是在哪里長大的？
③ His job is to raise pigs. 他的工作就是養(yǎng)豬。
④ She raised her eyes and stared at them. 她舉目盯著他們。
⑤ The people’s living standards have been greatly raised.
人民的生活水平有了很大提高。
★rise (rose, risen)用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“上升”“升起”“增長”“提高”“起身”。作“上升”講時(shí)是指繼續(xù)上升，常用于日、月、云、霧、煙、水蒸氣等；也可以指溫度計(jì)、體溫、物體、水位、職位等方面的上升。如：
① Look! The moon is rising. 瞧！月亮升起來了。
② She has had a high fever, and her temperature is still rising. 她發(fā)高燒，體溫還在上升。
③ The master rose from his chair with the teaching stick in his hand.
老師手里拿著教鞭從座位上站起來。
④ His book has risen in value, and he has risen in rank.
他寫的書升值了，他也隨著升級了。
【注】raise和rise有時(shí)可用來描述同一事情，但含義有所不同。試比較：
① The price of tomatoes has been raised recently.
最近西紅柿的價(jià)格上漲了。（價(jià)格的上漲可能是由于政府或其他方面的原因）
② The price of tomatoes has risen recently. 西紅柿最近漲價(jià)了。（說明價(jià)格自身上漲）
③ Our living standard has risen in the past few years.
Our living standard has been raised in the past few years.
近幾年來，我們的生活水平提高了。
④ He raised the child from the ground. (強(qiáng)調(diào)把孩子扶起來)
⑤ The child rose from the ground. (強(qiáng)調(diào)孩子自己站起來)
⑥ He lifted the child up from the ground. (強(qiáng)調(diào)用勁兒扶起)
19. It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.
這是一座建在自然風(fēng)光基礎(chǔ)之上的著名的中國式的園林建筑群落。
★famous用作形容詞，意為“著名的”“出名的”“值得注意的”。如：
① Paris is a famous city. 巴黎是著名的城市。
② He is a famous artist. 他是一位著名的藝術(shù)家。
③ She wants to be a famous singer. 她想當(dāng)一位著名的歌唱家。
④ We have won a famous victory. 我們贏得了輝煌的勝利。
★be famous for意為“以……而出名”，其主語可以是人也可以是物，for后的賓語說明出名的原因。如：
① The area is famous for its green tea. 這個(gè)地區(qū)以綠茶而出名。
② France is famous for its fine food and wine. 法國以其佳肴和美酒而聞名。
★be famous as意為“以某種身份而聞名、出名”，as后的賓語與主語是同位成分。如：
① Einstein was famous as a great scientist. 愛因斯坦以一位偉大的科學(xué)家著稱。
② The actor is more famous as a writer. 那位演員的作家身份較為有名。
③ Wang Junxia is famous as a good runner. 王軍霞是一位很著名的長跑運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
★be known as意為“以……知名”“以……出名”“被認(rèn)為是”，known為形容詞。如：
① He is well known as a pianist. 他是一位著名的鋼琴家。
② He is known as a writer rather than a poet.
他是作為一名作家，而不是作為一名詩人而聞名。
★be known for意為“聞名”“以……而眾所周知”，known相當(dāng)于famous。如：
① Switzerland is known for its mountains. 瑞士以它的山而聞名。
② He is known for his readiness to help others. 大家都知道他總是樂于幫助別人。
③ China is well known for the Great Wall. 中國以萬里長城而聞名。
★be known to意為“為……所知”，to后接某人。如：
① He is known to every one of us. 我們每人都知道他。
② It’s known to all that they do an important and necessary job.
大家都知道他們做的是重要的并且是必要的工作。
③ He is known to everyone as a good actor. 人人都知道他是一位出色的演員。
【注】well-known是復(fù)合形容詞，相當(dāng)于famous，在句中只能作定語，而famous可作定語也可作表語。當(dāng)well修飾作表語的known時(shí)，兩詞不能連寫，well不能用來修飾famous。如：
① He is a well-known singer. 他是一名著名的歌唱家。
20. natural一詞的用法
★natural用作形容詞，意為“自然的”“天然的”“自然界的”。如：
① Coal and oil are natural resources. 煤和石油是天然資源。
② Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 許多天然原料越來越少。
③ She finds great interest in natural science. 她對自然科學(xué)有很大興趣。
★natural用作形容詞，意為“自然的”“不做作的”。如：
① She speaks in a natural voice. 她說話聲音自然。
② He tried to keep his voice quite (= perfectly) natural.
他竭力讓他的語調(diào)十分自然。
★natural用作形容詞，意為“應(yīng)該的”“(演變)自然的”。如：
① It’s natural for a child to love its mother. 孩子愛母親，這是很自然的。
② It’s natural to run away if you’re afraid. 你害怕的時(shí)候就跑開，那是很自然的。
③ His death was from natural cause. 他的死是自然死亡。
★natural用作形容詞，意為“與生俱亞”“天生的”。如：
① She has a natural ability for arranging flowers. 她有插花的天賦。
② I do not doubt that it is made by natural ability.
我不懷疑那是由自然能力造成的。
③ She is a natural linguist. 她是個(gè)天生的語言學(xué)家。
【注】有關(guān)natural的常用詞組還有：
natural forces自然力量 natural gas天然氣
natural food自然食物 natural science自然科學(xué)
natural death老死的 natural abilities自然能力
natural gifts天賦才能 natural history博物學(xué)；自然（課）
in a natural state處于自然狀態(tài)；未經(jīng)加工或人工培養(yǎng)等
come natural to對……是很自然的；對……是輕而易舉的
★nature用作名詞，意為“大自然”“自然界”，也可表示人或事物的“本質(zhì)”“本性”。如：
① It’s against nature for people to cut off trees on mountains or hills for farming.
毀林造田是人類違背自然規(guī)律的行為。
② The beauties of nature inspired many poets. 自然之美激發(fā)許多詩人的靈感。
③ We must plant more trees and keep the balance of nature.
我們必須種更多的樹來保持生態(tài)平衡。
④ Man will return to nature. 人類最終要回歸自然。
⑤ She has a very sweet nature. 她性格很溫柔。
⑥ My two dogs have quite different natures. 我的兩只狗的本性完全不同。
9B Unit 3 Asia（2）
第三單元 亞洲
1. It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, towers and halls all over the area.
頤和園由萬壽山和昆明湖（人工湖）構(gòu)成主體框架，里面亭臺樓閣、殿堂廳室、塔航橋關(guān)，應(yīng)有盡有。
★consist of意為“由……組成”“由……構(gòu)成”。如：
① The book consists of eight chapters. 那書共有八章。
② Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氫和氧組成。
③ The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
聯(lián)合王國由大不列顛與北愛爾蘭兩部分組成。
★consist與介詞in連用，表示“在于”“以……為主要或唯一因素”的意思。如：
① The happiness of a country consists in the freedom of its citizens.
國家的幸福要以民眾的自由為首要因素。
② Wisdom does not consists only in knowing fact. 智慧并非僅僅是掌握事實(shí)。
③ The beauty of the city consists in its nice buildings.
這座城市的美麗就在于它美麗的建筑。
④ True education does not consist in simply being taught facts.
真正的教育并不在于簡單地講授事實(shí)。
2. mainly一詞的用法
★mainly用作副詞，意為“主要地”“大部分”。如：
① It is mainly because of my fault. 這主要是由于我的過錯(cuò)。
② The visitors were mainly students. 來訪者大部分是學(xué)生。
③ They talked mainly about the work at the meeting. 在會(huì)上，他們主要談?wù)摴ぷ鳌?/p>
④ His money mainly come from business investments. 他的錢主要來自于商業(yè)投資。
★main用作形容詞，只能作定語，意為“主要的”“最重要的”，無比較級。如：
① What’s the main purpose of your visit? 你訪問的主要目的是什么？
② This is the main street in our city. 這是我們市內(nèi)的主要街道。
③ Can you catch the main idea of the text? 你能領(lǐng)會(huì)本篇課文的主題嗎？
④ The main thing is to work well. 最重要的是要工作好。
⑤ He doesn’t make much money, but he is very happy. That’s the main thing.
他賺錢不多，但很快樂。那才是最重要的。
3. It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometers across northern China.
它是一條綿延5000千米紅十字會(huì)中國北部的城墻。
★run用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“延伸”“通往”“延續(xù)”“繼續(xù)”。如：
① The road runs for many miles by the sea. 這條公路沿著海邊延伸好幾英里。
② A small stream runs across it. 一條小溪從這里穿過。
③ The orchards and forests run intermittently for nearly 200 km.
果園和森林交插著延伸近二百公里。
④ There is a tunnel running though the mountain. 有一條隧道從山里穿過。
⑤ The appointment runs for two years. 任期是兩年。
⑥ This show has been running for six weeks (continuously).
這出戲（一連）演了六個(gè)星期。
【注】可用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，表示“連續(xù)的”。如：
① A running commentary on the match will be broadcast over the radio.
將通過電臺轉(zhuǎn)播這場比賽的實(shí)況解說。
② He made a running translation of the talk. 他給這個(gè)報(bào)告做了即席翻譯。
★run用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“跑”。如：
① I don’t run as fast as you. 我跑得沒你快。
② She run to the place and knocked at the door. 她跑到那里敲了敲門。
③ Are you running in the 4,000 metres? 你要參加四千米賽跑嗎？
④ I used to run when I was in middle school. 我在中學(xué)的時(shí)候常常跑步。
★run用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“流”。如：
① The Huanghe River runs into the sea in North Shandong.
黃河在山東北部入海。
② The river was running very slowly. 河水流得很慢。
③ We mustn’t let the water run to waste. 我們不能讓這水白白流掉。
④ Who has left the water (tap) running? 誰開了自來水（龍頭）沒關(guān)？
⑤ His cough has slackened, but his nose is still running.
他不咳嗽了，但還流清鼻涕。
★run用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“（車船、機(jī)器）行馳”“開動(dòng)”。如：
① The train was running at 80 miles an hour.
這列火車正以每小時(shí)八十英里的速度前進(jìn)。
② There are frequent buses running from Yanan to Xian.
從延安經(jīng)常有公共汽車開往西安。
③ The next train runs from Beijing to Nanning. 下一列火車是由北京開往南寧的。
④ The engine runs quite smoothly. 這部發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)十分順利。
★run同作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“經(jīng)營”“管理”“開動(dòng)”。如：
① They ran the nurseries extremely well. 他們把托兒所辦得很好。
② For this they running short-term courses and evening classes.
為此他們辦了短訓(xùn)班和夜校。
③ They have the right to run their own affairs. 他們有權(quán)管理自己的事務(wù)。
④ They’re determined to run the train better. 他們決心把火車開得更好。
⑤ They ran the car downhill. 他們把車往山下開。
4. more than一詞的用法
★more than意思為“超過”“大于”“多于”，常常與數(shù)詞連用，相當(dāng)于over，其反義詞組為less than，意為“不足”“不到”。如：
① The population of China is more than 1.3 billion. 中國人口超十三億。
② I have know him for more than twenty years. 我認(rèn)識他已經(jīng)超過二十多年了。
③ More than a person knows the secret. 不止一個(gè)人知道這個(gè)秘密。
④ There are more than 50 students in our class. 我們班有50多位學(xué)生。
⑤ It was a little man less than six inches tall. 那是一個(gè)身高不到六英寸的小人。
★more than另一個(gè)意思是“不僅僅”“遠(yuǎn)不止”，相當(dāng)于not only的含義，后面跟名詞。如：
① Our English teacher is more than a teacher. He is our friend, too.
我們的英語老師不僅是一位老師。他也是我們的朋友。
② Tom and Jack are more than classmates. They are close friends.
湯姆和杰克遠(yuǎn)不止是同班同學(xué)，他們還是知心朋友。
③ He was much more than a friend to me. 對我而言，他遠(yuǎn)不止是個(gè)朋友。
★more than表示“非常”“十分”，常常用來修飾形容詞，相當(dāng)于very。如：
① When I asked them for help, they were more than glad to come.
當(dāng)我向他們求助時(shí)，他們非常樂意地來了。
② They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.
看到我們遠(yuǎn)征而歸，他們異常高興。
③ He was more than willing to help. 他非常愿意提供幫助。
5. across, through和over的用法
★across和through都與動(dòng)詞連用。表示從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊，但across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行的，例如原文中的across Northern China；而through的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的空間里進(jìn)行的。如：
① The river was frozen, so we walked across the ice to the other bank.
河面結(jié)了冰，所以我們從冰上走到河的對面。（不用through）
② The river flows through the city from west to east.
這條河由西向東流過這個(gè)城市。（河的兩邊有建筑物，不用across）
③ It took us three hours to walk through the forest.
我們花了三個(gè)小時(shí)穿過那個(gè)森林。（人周圍有建筑物）
④ You must not run across the road. 你不要跑過馬路。
⑤ We walked across the bridge and soon came to a hut.
我們走過橋，不久就到了小屋前。
⑥ We walked through the tunnel. 我們開車穿過了隧道。
⑦ I saw it through the windowpane. 透過玻璃我看到了它。
⑧ I got the job through a friend of mine. 我通過一位朋友得到了這個(gè)工作。
【注】go across the street橫穿街道（指從街的一邊到另一邊）
go through the street穿過街道（指從街的一端到另一端）
go across the room從房間這邊到另一邊
go through the room穿過房間（指從一個(gè)房間走到另一間）
★over可以作介詞或副詞，作介詞時(shí)帶賓語；作副詞時(shí)不帶賓語。表示從一定范圍的一邊到另一邊，但over的含義與above有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在某一物體的上方進(jìn)行的。而且與物體沒有接觸。如：
① A lamp was hanging over the table. 桌子上方掛著一盞燈。
② There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座橋。
③ The sky is over our heads and the ground is under our feet.
我們頭上是天空，腳下是大地。
【注】over與動(dòng)詞搭配可用來表示“越過……”“穿過……”某一高形物體。如：
① The boy climbed over the wall. 男孩子們爬過墻頭。
② The groups of planes are flying over our city. 機(jī)群正飛越我們城市上空。
③ He jumped over the brook. 他跳過了那條小溪。
6. It was built with stones and bricks a long time ago to protect the northern border of the country.
它（長城）是在很久以前用石頭、磚砌成的，用來保護(hù)北方邊境。
★protect意為“保護(hù)”，常與介詞from連用，表示“保護(hù)……免遭……”。如：
① He was wearing dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.
他戴著墨鏡以保護(hù)眼睛不受陽光刺激。
② Put on a thicker coat to protect yourself from the cold.
穿件厚點(diǎn)的外衣以免凍著。
③ The eyelashes protect the eyes from dust and dirt.
眼睫毛保護(hù)眼睛不讓塵埃和臟物進(jìn)去。
④ You’d better use an umbrella to protect yourself from the rain.
你最好打開雨傘以免挨雨淋。
★protect也可與against連用，通常是指抵御侵略或自然災(zāi)害等大范圍的保護(hù)。如：
① The tea plants must be protected against frost in winter.
必須保護(hù)茶樹在冬季不受霜凍。
② A line of forts was built along the border to protect the country against foreign attack.
沿邊境修筑了一系列的堡壘以抵御外國的攻擊。
7. It is one of the wonders of the world. 它是世界奇跡之一。
★wonder用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“奇跡”“奇觀”“奇事”。如：
① Television is one of the wonders of modern science. 電視是現(xiàn)代科學(xué)奇跡之一。
② What are the seven wonders of the world? 世界上有哪七大奇跡？
③ It is a wonder that he survived the plane crash. 飛機(jī)失事，他保住了性命，真是奇跡。
★wonder用作動(dòng)詞，表示“想知道”“對……感到吃驚”的意思。如：
① I wonder whether you would mind helping me for a few minutes.
不知你是否能幫我一會(huì)兒忙。
② I wonder what he’s doing now. 我心里想他此刻在做什么呢？
③ How did it get there, I wonder? 它怎么會(huì)到那兒去的呢，我感到奇怪。
④ The fact that she left home is not to be wondered at. 她離家出走是不足為怪的。
⑤ I wonder at your allowing him to do such a thing.
我對你允許他做出這樣的事感到奇怪。
⑥ Can you wonder at it, isn’t it natural, to be expected?
你對它感到驚奇嗎？它不是很自然料想到的嗎？
★“wonder if/whether +從句”意為“想知道……是否……”，是一種委婉客氣地提出請求的交際用語。如：
① We wondered if they could come here on time.
我們很想知道他們是否能夠按時(shí)趕到這里。
② I wonder if/whether she has receive our telegram.
我不知道她是否收到了我們的電報(bào)。
③ I wonder if you could tell me how to get to the theatre.
我不知道你能否告訴我怎樣去劇院。
8. You can experience its beauty and greatness through climbing it step by step.
通過一步一步地向上爬，你能體驗(yàn)到它的美麗和雄偉壯觀。
★experience用作動(dòng)詞，意為“體驗(yàn)”“經(jīng)歷”。如：
① He experienced many difficulties. 他經(jīng)歷了許多困難。
② Our country has experienced great changes in the last 30 years.
在過去三十年里，我們國家經(jīng)歷了巨大的變化。
③ Some of the students had experienced what hardships meant before they entered the university.
有些大學(xué)生在進(jìn)入大學(xué)之前體驗(yàn)過艱苦的生活。
④ I don’t think I’ve ever experienced real depression.
我認(rèn)為我從未體驗(yàn)過真正的情緒低落。
★experience用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，指由經(jīng)驗(yàn)獲得的知識或技術(shù)。如：
① We all learn by experience. 我們都從經(jīng)驗(yàn)中學(xué)習(xí)。
② Has he had much experience of work of this sort? 他對這種工作有很多經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？
③ He hasn’t had enough experience for the job. 他沒有足夠的經(jīng)驗(yàn)擔(dān)當(dāng)這份工作。
④ He is short of experience. 他缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
★experience用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)歷”“閱歷”。如：
① I had some interesting experiences in the countryside.
我在農(nóng)村有過一些很有意思的經(jīng)歷。
② A man of your experience ought to do well.
一個(gè)有你這樣的閱歷的人是應(yīng)當(dāng)發(fā)跡的。
★experienced用作形容詞，意為“有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的”“有閱歷的”“熟練的”。如：
① He is much experienced in teaching. 他有豐富的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
② His mother is an experienced nurse. 他的母親是個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的護(hù)士。
③ They are quite experienced in teaching beginners.
他們在教初學(xué)者方面很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
9. You can experience its beauty and greatness through climbing it step by step.
沿著長城，拾級而上，你會(huì)逐漸領(lǐng)略到長城的瑰麗、雄偉。
★step by step意為“逐漸地“，相當(dāng)于little by little。如：
① Step by step, they were getting to the top. 他們一步一步地接近山頂。
② A foreign language cannot be learned rapidly, it must be learned step by step.
學(xué)外語不能急，只能按部步班地學(xué)。
③ The cost of living is increasing step by step. 生活開支正慢慢地在提高。
④ Step by step he learned the rules of the game. 他逐漸學(xué)會(huì)了比賽規(guī)則。
⑤ She learnt to speak English step by step. 她逐漸學(xué)會(huì)說英語了。
★類似于step by step結(jié)構(gòu)的短語還有side by side(肩并肩)，hand in hand(手拉手)，face to face(面對面)，heart to heart(心連心)，neck and neck(齊頭并進(jìn)，并駕齊驅(qū))等。但是，這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞前面不用冠詞或其他修飾詞。如：
① They walked side by side. 他們肩并肩地走著。
② They walked away hand in hand. 他們手拉手地離開了。
③ He sat face to face with me. 他和我面對面地坐著。
④ We had a heart to heart talk and pointed out one another’s shortcomings.
我們談了心并指出了彼此的缺點(diǎn)。
⑤ The horses were running neck and neck. 這些馬跑得不分上下。
10. It lies on the two sides of the River Li. 它（桂林）座落于漓江兩邊。
★lie用作動(dòng)詞，意為“位于”“坐落于”，其過去式為lay，過去分詞為lain。如：
① The village lies to the north of the city. 這個(gè)村子位于城市的北邊。
② Ireland lies to the west of England. 愛爾蘭位于英格蘭之西。
③ Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中國的東面。
④ Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國的東部。
★lie用作動(dòng)詞，可表示“呈……狀態(tài)”“置于”。如：
① The ship has lain at the bottom of the harbor for two hundred years.
那條船在港口的水底已經(jīng)二百年了。
② He lay awake for the whole night, worrying about his lost child.
整個(gè)晚上他躺著沒有睡覺，在擔(dān)心他失蹤的兒子。
③ The book lay open on the desk. 這本書攤開著放在桌子上。
★lie用作動(dòng)詞，意為“撒謊”，其過去式和過去分詞都為lied，后可以接to sb.表示“對某人撒謊”。如：
① I can tell, from your face, you are lying to me.
我可以從你的表情看得出你在對我撒謊。
② You’re lying again! 你又在撒謊了！
③ Don’t believe her because she always lies. 別信她，因?yàn)樗偸钦f謊。
★lie用作動(dòng)詞，意為“躺”“臥”時(shí)，其過去式為lay，過去分詞為lain，后面通常要跟介詞短語或副詞。如：
① He was lying in the shade of the tree. 他正躺在樹蔭下。
② The boys have lain under the trees for hours.
那些男孩子們已經(jīng)在樹下躺了幾個(gè)小時(shí)了。
③ Don’t lie in the sun for too long. 不要在陽光下躺得太久了。
④ The boy lay on the sofa. 那男孩躺在沙發(fā)上。
★lie in意為“在于”。如：
① The trouble lies in the engine. 問題出在引擎上。
② His success lies in his hard work. 他的成功在于勤奮的工作。
★lie down意為“躺下休息”。如：
① I’ll go and lie down for a while. 我去躺一會(huì)兒。
② If you feel tired, you may lie down and sleep for a while. 你覺得累就躺下睡一會(huì)兒。
③ My head is spinning, so I must lie down. 我腦袋天旋地轉(zhuǎn)，得躺下來休息休息。
11. In this underground cave, there are lots of colourful rocks with strange shapes.
這個(gè)地下溶洞里，有許多色彩斑斕、姿態(tài)各異的巖石。
★colourful是形容詞，是“顏色鮮艷的”“五彩繽紛的”意思。如：
① The male birds are more colourful than the females.
這種鳥的雄性比雌性更加色彩艷麗。
② Look at these flowers. They are very colourful. 瞧這些花，都很鮮艷。
③ You can see colourful shop windows here and there.
你到處可以看到五彩繽紛的商店櫥窗。
★colourful作形容詞，還有“生動(dòng)的”“豐富多彩的”意思。如：
① He often told us his colourful history. 他常給我們講他的豐富多彩的歷史。
② Did they know the colourful past of the city.
他們知道這個(gè)城市豐富多彩的過去嗎？
③ The old man’s colourful career made us think he was quite brave.
老人豐富的經(jīng)歷使我們認(rèn)為他是個(gè)非常勇敢的人。
★colour/color是名詞，作“色彩”“彩色”解時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，作“顏色”解時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞。如：
① This kind of insect can change colour. 這種昆蟲會(huì)變色。
② They bought a new colour television last month. 上個(gè)月他們買了一臺新彩電。
③ All the pictures in this book are in colour. 這本書里的圖畫都是彩色的。
④ Can I get this dress in other colours? 這衣服還有其他顏色的嗎？
★colour用作動(dòng)詞，意為“著色”“給……著色（染色）”。如：
① He coloured the wall white. 他把墻涂成白色。
② His younger sister is colouring a picture. 他的妹妹正在給一幅畫涂上顏色。
③ She doesn’t like colouring her hair. 她不喜歡染發(fā)。
12. It is great fun to cycle around Guilin! 周游桂林真是充滿樂趣。
★fun常用不可數(shù)名詞，意為“樂趣”“玩笑”“娛樂”“有趣的人或事”。如：
① What fun we had! 我們玩得真開心（或多么有趣）呀！
② I wasn’t serious; I only did it for fun. 我不是當(dāng)真的，我只不過是鬧著玩。
③ Swimming in the sea is great/good fun. 在海里游泳很好玩。
④ You’re sure to have (much) fun at the party tonight.
你在今晚的聚會(huì)上一定玩得很開心。
⑤ Sailing a boat is great fun. 駕駛帆船很有趣。
⑥ He’s great fun. We are all found of being with him.
他是個(gè)有趣的人。我們都喜歡和他在一起。
★for/in fun意為“開玩笑的”“鬧著玩的”“非認(rèn)真的”。make fun of的意思為“取笑”“開……的玩笑”。如：
① He said it only for/in fun. 他只是說著玩的。
② I wrote it just for/in fun. 我只是寫著玩玩的。
③ It’s not good to make fun of the old. 取笑老人是不好的。
④ The kids at school always make fun of Bill’s clothes.
學(xué)校里的那些孩子老是取笑比爾的衣服。
★funny用作形容詞，意為“滑稽的”“可笑的”“稀奇古怪的”“意想不到的”“難以解釋清楚的”。如：
① Don’t you think it a little funny? 難道你不認(rèn)為那有點(diǎn)滑稽嗎？
② The kids are all making fun of little Tom’s funny hat today.
孩子們都在取笑小湯姆今天戴的那頂滑稽的帽子。
③ It’s funny that she left so suddenly. 她這么突然離去，真奇怪。
④ He’s a funny sort of person. 他是個(gè)難以理解的人。
13. You can hire a bicycle from the bus station and ride around Guilin very safely.
你可以在汽車車站那里租輛自行車，然后非常安全地騎著游覽桂林。
★hire用作動(dòng)詞，意為“租用”“租借”。如：
① Where did you hire the video? 這錄像帶你是在哪里租的？
② I am new here, I want to hire a room to live in. 我是新來的，想租個(gè)房間住下來。
③ I will have to hire a suit for my wedding. 我得去租套禮服在婚禮上穿。
④ They hired a boat for an evening. 他們雇了條船用了一晚上。
【注】hire和rent都可意為“租用”，但表示短期租用東西用hire，表示長期租用東西用rent。
★hire用作動(dòng)詞，意為“聘用”“錄用”“雇傭（包括臨時(shí)雇傭）”。如：
① She was hired ten years ago. 她是十年前被錄用的。
② He does the hiring and firing in our company.
他在我們公司里負(fù)責(zé)員工的錄用和辭退。
③ His mother hired a lawyer for him. 他母親為他臨時(shí)雇傭了一名律師。
④ The company hired a young man to design the new system.
公司雇傭了一名年輕人來設(shè)計(jì)新的系統(tǒng)。
【注】在美國英語中，雇人用hire，但在英國英語中，只為某種用途而非長期雇用才用hire，否則則用appoint。
★hire用作名詞，意為“租賃”“租借”“租用”“出租”“受雇”“租金”“工錢”。如：
① All the bikes are for hire. 這些自行車是供租用的。
② Excuse me, where can I find a hire car? 請問，哪里有可供租用的汽車？
③ All the taxis belong to a car hire firm. 所有這些出租車屬于出租車公司。
④ The costumes are on hire from the local shop. 服裝可以向當(dāng)?shù)氐纳痰曜狻?/p>
14. a line dividing two countries一條把兩國分開的線
★divide用作動(dòng)詞，意為“分開”“分散”“分割”“把……分成（若干部分）”。如：
① The cells began to divide rapidly. 細(xì)胞開始迅速分裂。
② Jack divided up the rest of the cash. 杰克把余下的現(xiàn)金分了。
③ We divided the work between us. 我們共同分擔(dān)了這項(xiàng)工作。
④ He divided his energies between his study and sports.
他把精力一部分用在學(xué)習(xí)上，一部分用在運(yùn)動(dòng)上。
★divide A from B，可以用“使A和B分離”“使A和B分開”解。如：
① We mustn’t divide the child from his mother. 我們不能使母子分離。
② The channel divides the island of Taiwan from the mainland, but it is still the land of China.
海峽把臺灣島和大陸分離了，但是她仍然是中國的領(lǐng)土。
★be divided into是一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)，解釋成“劃分為”“分為”。如：
① In English sentences can be divided into three types.
在英語中句子可以分成三種類型。
② Verbs can be divided into four kinds. 動(dòng)詞可以分成四種。
15. We can see the beautiful design there and learn more about the life of the Chinese emperors in the past.
在那里，我們可以看到漂亮的(建筑)設(shè)計(jì)，充分了解過去中國皇帝們的生活狀況。
★design用作名詞，解釋為“設(shè)計(jì)”“圖樣”“圖案”“草圖”“圖紙”等。如：
① The unique design of the machine prevents it from overheating.
這臺機(jī)器獨(dú)特的設(shè)計(jì)可防止溫度過高。
② She has her own design studio in the college. 在學(xué)院里，她有自己的設(shè)計(jì)室。
③ He could cut a design on metal. 他能夠在金屬上刻圖案。
④ The tiles come in a huge range of colours and design. 瓷磚有各種各樣的顏色和圖案。
⑤ Can you give some pieces of design paper to her? 你能夠給她幾張制圖紙嗎？
★design用作名詞，還有“意圖”“企圖”的意思。如：
① Did it happen by design or accident? 這件事情的發(fā)生是計(jì)劃好了的還是偶然的？
② He had a design on it. 他對此事有野心。
★design用作動(dòng)詞，意為“設(shè)計(jì)”“企圖”，后面可以接名詞或不定式。如：
① They asked Jim to design a poster for the movie.
他們請吉姆為那部電影設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)海報(bào)。
② Every student should design a dress for the fashion show.
每個(gè)學(xué)生都應(yīng)該為時(shí)裝展覽設(shè)計(jì)一件作品。
③ The method is designed for use in small groups. 這方法是小組設(shè)計(jì)的。
④ The building is designed very well. 這幢樓設(shè)計(jì)很好。
⑤ The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.
這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃的目的是為長期失業(yè)者提供幫助。
鞏固測試
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. This club more than 200 members.
A. consists of B. is consisted of C. consisted D. consists
2. “Can you find me a good math teacher?” “Yes. I know one who has of teaching math.”
A. many experiences B. much experience
C. a little experience D. a few experiences
3. “Have you worked out the problem?” “No, it is difficult for me.”
A. much too B. too much C. much D. such
4. He is a policeman but he often wears clothes .
A. every day; everyday B. everyday; everyday
C. everyday; every day D. everyday; every day
5. He wasn’t to carry the box.
A. too strong B. enough strong C. strong enough D. so strong
6. About films were shown during the 5th Shanghai International Film Festival.
A. two hundred of B. two hundreds of C. two hundred D. two hundreds
7. China has built a new Great Green Wall the north part of the country.
A. among B. across C. through D. between
8. You can’t too much time TV.
A. take; to B. pay; for
C. spend; to watch D. spend; watching
9. The river is too wide for the swimmers .
A. to swim B. to swim in C. to swim across D. swimming
10. Mr. Wang is well-known is this city a writer.
A. like B. as C. for D. of
11. Although he is young, he has much knowledge of computer.
A. and B. but C. or D. /
12. Everyone should make a contribution to the environment.
A. protect B. protects C. protected D. protecting
13. Something must be wrong with your watch, ?
A. isn’t it B. aren’t they C. must it D. mustn’t they
14. Nobody is in the classroom, ?
A. is he B. isn’t he C. are they D. aren’t they
15. I’m quite thirsty and hot. I want to drink ice water.
A. a few more B. more a few C. a little more D. more a little
16. When I was at school, I up very late, reading story-books.
A. used to stay B. used to staying
C. was used to stay D. am used to staying
17. On his way home, Li Bing found a watch on the ground.
A. lie B. lying C. lay D. lied
18. Tomorrow he will go a trip to Kaifeng.
A. to B. on C. in D. at
19. China is famous the Great Wall.
A. as B. at C. on D. for
20. Be sure to get there on time, ?
A. mustn’t you B. aren’t you C. don’t you D. will you
21. My hobby is collecting stamps. I need before I have 3,000 stamps.
A. more one B. any more C. one more D. more than
22. Everyone at the party the music played by Little Mozart.
A. amazed by B. was amazed with C. amazed to D. was amazed at
23. of us wants to see the film.
A. Each B. Everyone C. Every D. Anyone
24. He the book on the bookshelf a moment ago.
A. lay B. laid C. lied D. lays
25. He has knowledge and experience .
A. too B. also C. well D. as well
26. Tom rushed out and carried the boy to .
A. safely B. safe C. safely D. saving
27. You must finish this foolish business of yours .
A. as possible as soon B. as fast as you can
C. as soon as possible D. as quickly as you can
28. She is our teacher; she is also our good friend.
A. no more than B. not more than C. more than D. not less than
29. So far a lot of tall buildings in our city.
A. are built B. were built C. have built D. have been built
30. This old machine the room wet.
A. used to keep B. was used to keeping
C. used to keeping D. was used to keep
二、根據(jù)句意，用括號中所給詞的正確形式填空。
1. I don’t think it is for you to go there alone. (safely)
2. You’ll soon feel much if you do more exercise. (health)
3. They often travel in the part of China in Summer. (north)
4. I’ve never heard of such a story before. (fun)
5. The Great Wall is one of the seven of the world. (wonderful)
6. Her sudden surprised her friends. (die)
7. The of the country is what I enjoy most during my holidays. (peaceful)
8. San Francisco is a city of great . (beautiful)
9. We should go the street at the traffic lights. (cross)
10. Most people prefers going out to at home. (stay)
11. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. (invite)
12. Tell the children there not to make so much noise. (play)
13. The idea of traveling to the moon holds little for me. (attract)
14. The workers are busy the high building. (build)
15. On May Day the factory was decorated in colors. (amaze)
16. It’s my to help you. (please)
17. There are many between living in the city and living in the country. (different)
18. Please tell us of your in Africa. (experience)
19. After the presents , Betty ate the big cake with her friends. (open)
20. I spend the whole afternoon the model plane. (make)
答案與提示
一、1. A consist是不及物動(dòng)詞，和介詞of連用，不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
2. B experience作“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”解時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，作“經(jīng)歷”解時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。此處experience意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，是不可數(shù)名詞，因此，先排除A、D兩項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)不符合題意。
3. A 本題主要考查too much和much too的區(qū)別。much too的中心詞是too，much修飾too，后接形容詞或副詞；too much的中心詞是much，too修飾much，too much修飾不可數(shù)名詞或單獨(dú)使用。difficult是形容詞，所以選A。C項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于much用作副詞時(shí)只能修飾比較級；D項(xiàng)的such只能修飾名詞。
4. D everyday是形容詞，意思是“日常的”“每天的”，在句中作定語，修飾名詞；every day是副詞短語，意思是“每天”，在句中作狀語，修飾動(dòng)詞。
5. C enough修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于形容詞或副詞的后面。(not) enough后接不定式表示“(不)夠……去做某事”。too…to do意為“太……以致不能”，不符合邏輯。故選C。
6. C 當(dāng)hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具體數(shù)詞時(shí)，其后不可以加s，也不可以加of，故A、B和D三項(xiàng)不符合題意，可以排除，C項(xiàng)正確。反之，如果他們前面沒有具體的數(shù)詞，其后必須加s，也必須加of，構(gòu)成hundreds of，thousands of, millions of, billions of短語，才可以用來修飾名詞。
7. B across指從表面“橫穿”；through指“從中間穿過”。根據(jù)句意應(yīng)選B。
8. D 此題考查spend…(in) doing sth.句型，表示“做某事花了……時(shí)間”。故排除C項(xiàng)；take表示花費(fèi)的時(shí)間時(shí)常用句型為：It takes/took sb. some time to do sth.，故排除A項(xiàng)；pay for…不能表示花費(fèi)時(shí)間，故選D項(xiàng)。
9. C 在too…to結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)句子主語是后面動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語時(shí)，如果動(dòng)詞不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，要用介詞再接賓語。
10. B as在此作介詞，意為“作為”。介詞短語as a writer作狀語。
11. D although = though，意為“盡管”“雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，不能和but或其他連詞連用。
12. D make a contribution to…意為“對……作出貢獻(xiàn)”。其中to為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語。
13. A 反意疑問句的特點(diǎn)是前肯后否，前否后肯。當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是表示“物”的不定代詞(something, everything, etc)時(shí)，反問部分的主語應(yīng)該為it。
14. C 反意疑問句的特點(diǎn)是前肯后否，前否后肯。依據(jù)nobody為否定詞，可以排除B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)。同時(shí)，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是表示“人”的不定代詞(somebody, everybody, etc)時(shí)，反問部分的主語應(yīng)該為they。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。
15. C a few修飾可數(shù)名詞，a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞，ice water為不可數(shù)名詞，所以排除A和B項(xiàng)。另外，表示“在原有基礎(chǔ)之上增加”應(yīng)用“數(shù)詞 + more + 名詞”或“another +數(shù)詞+名詞”，所以選C項(xiàng)。
16. A used to do sth.是指過去習(xí)慣做某事。選項(xiàng)C若改為was used to staying (習(xí)慣于……)也合題意。
17. B find sb. /sth. doing sth.，意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)……正在做某事/處于某種狀語”，動(dòng)詞-ing形式在此作賓補(bǔ)。
18. B go on a trip to…意思是“去……旅行”。
19. D be famous for意為“以……而著名”。
20. D 祈使句的反意疑問句除Let’s開頭的用shall we之外，其他的都用will you，故選D。
21. C more意為“額外的”，前面可以用數(shù)詞或no, some, much, many等修飾。故選C。
22. D be amazed at…表示“對……感到驚愕”，at此處表示某種情緒的起因。B項(xiàng)介詞搭配錯(cuò)誤；A、C兩項(xiàng)缺少連系動(dòng)詞be。
23. A each后可直接跟of短語，表示“……中每個(gè)”，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；every作形容詞用，修飾可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，不能直接與of連用，所以選A。
24. B 此句意思為“他剛才把書放在書架上了”。lay表示“放置”的意思，其過去式和過去分詞都是laid。a moment ago表示應(yīng)該用過去時(shí)，故選B。
25. D 本句的意思為“他既有知道又有經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。末尾的副詞應(yīng)該表示“也”的意思。而用于肯定句末尾的“也”只能用too或as well。但如用too的話，一般應(yīng)用逗號將它和前面的句子隔開。故選用as well。
26. C carry sb. to safety意為“把……抱到安全地帶”，其中to為介詞，后需跟名詞safety作賓語。
27. C 表示“盡可能地……”可以用as…as possible或as…as one can。A項(xiàng)是錯(cuò)誤的表達(dá)，首先排除。B、C、D三項(xiàng)中B項(xiàng)表示速度之快；C項(xiàng)表示時(shí)間之快；D項(xiàng)表示動(dòng)作之迅速。根據(jù)題意選C項(xiàng)。
28. C 請注意區(qū)別以下短語：no more than意為“僅僅”；not more than意為“不多于”；more than意為“不僅是”“超出”；not less than意為“不少于”。句意為“她不僅是我們的老師，她還是我們的朋友。”
29. D so far常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用，本句主語是buildings，故使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
30. D 句子主語machine與use是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，后跟動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的。
二、1. safe 2. healthier 3. northern 4. funny 5. wonders
6. death 7. peace 8. beauty 9. across 10. staying
11. invited 12. playing 13. attraction 14. building 15. amazing
16. pleasure 17. differences 18. experiences
19. were opened/had been opened 20. making