Module 8 Unit 1
新課標(biāo)單詞
classic adj. 經(jīng)典的，古典的
antique n. 古董，古物
literary adj. 文學(xué)的
received adj. 被承認(rèn)的，被認(rèn)可的，公認(rèn)的
wisdom n. 智慧；明智；學(xué)識(shí)
dust n. 灰塵，塵土
adaptation n. 改編，改寫(xiě)
work n. 作品，著作
harm n. 傷害，損害，危害；邪惡，
uncertainty n. 不確定，不確信；難以預(yù)料，不可靠，易變
tension n. 緊張；緊張局勢(shì)
plot n. （小說(shuō)、戲劇等的）情節(jié)
generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的
fortune n. 財(cái)富；運(yùn)氣，好運(yùn)
abrupt adj. 突然的，生硬的
constant adj. 持續(xù)的，不斷的
reminder n. 提醒（指人或物），提示
shabby adj. 破舊的，破爛的；卑鄙
shallow adj. 淺薄的，膚淺的；淺的
prejudiced adj. 有偏見(jiàn)的
companion n. 同伴；伴侶
rigid adj. 死板的，嚴(yán)格的
civil adj. 有教養(yǎng)的，文明的
bent adj. 決意的，極想的
theme n. 主題，主旨
wealth n. 財(cái)富
settle vt. 使定居；安頓，安放；解決
educated adj. 受過(guò)教育的；有教養(yǎng)的
acquaintance n. 相識(shí)；熟人
abnormal adj. 不正常的，反常的，異常的
abuse vt. 虐待；辱罵；濫用
criminal n. 罪犯
pity vt. 同情，憐憫
reform vt., vi.& n.（使）改過(guò)自新，改造；改革，改良
crime n. 犯罪，罪行，罪惡
pressure vt. 對(duì)……施加壓力，迫使
violence n. 暴力，暴行
resist vi. & vt. 抵抗，反抗，抵制
misfortune n. 不幸，災(zāi)禍
home-made adj. 自制的；家里做的；國(guó)產(chǎn)
pale adj. 淡的；暗淡的；蒼白的；無(wú)力的
swiftly adv. 迅速地
envelope n. 信封
brand new 嶄新的，全新的
muddy adj. 沾滿泥巴的；泥濘的
sorrow n. 悲傷，難過(guò)
sigh n. & vi. 嘆息，嘆氣
anger n. 憤怒
dot n. 點(diǎn)，小圓點(diǎn)
gently adv. 輕輕地，輕柔地
lovely adj. 可愛(ài)的
modern-day adj. 現(xiàn)代的，當(dāng)代的
ugly adj. 丑陋的，難看的
stepmother n. 繼母，后母
greedy adj. 貪婪的
gravity n. 嚴(yán)重性；地球引力
sugary adj. 甜的；含糖的
mistaken adj. 犯錯(cuò)的；錯(cuò)誤的
shade n. 色度；蔭，陰涼處
cheek n. 臉頰
entertaining adj. 令人愉快的，有趣的
poetic adj. 富有詩(shī)意的；詩(shī)歌的
supreme adj. 最高的，至上的，卓越的
typical adj. 典型的
reputation n. 名譽(yù)，名聲，聲譽(yù)
debt n. 債務(wù)
transform vt.&vi. （使）變形，（使）改觀，（使）改變
urban adj. 城市的
shorten vt. 縮短，使變短
statue n. 雕像，塑像
publicly adv. 公開(kāi)地
exhibit vt. 展覽，展出，陳列
exhibition n. 展覽，展覽會(huì)
tend vi. 趨向，傾向
dreamlike adj. 如夢(mèng)的，夢(mèng)境般的，朦朧的
stress vt. 重讀；強(qiáng)調(diào)
comparison n. 比較，對(duì)照，比照
課文出現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)
1. give one’s opinion on sth
2. have a place in
3. be performed on stage
4. develop the shortcomings of
5. be bent on doing sth
6. make the acquaintance of sb
7. become a servant to sb
8. a pair of brand new sneakers
9. have little/ some talent for
10. from beginning to end
11. donate sth to support sb
12. be intended to be done
13. a guide to poetry
14. recommend sth to sb
15. base sth on sth
16. be set in
17. convince sb to adopt sth
18. be abused by sb
19. force sb back into sth
20. throw sth at sb
21. become famous nationwide overnight
22. involve sth as
23. write in Scots dialect
24. have nothing to do with
25. at a time
26. set sb free from sth
27. be linked to
28. give away
29. be taken to court
30. pressure sb with the threat
31. make sth out of sth
32. hug sth to one’s chest
33. consist of
34. compare sth to sth
35. the antiques of the literary world
36. be left to gather dust
37. an old –fashioned film
38. an award-winning film
39. a place in the world
40. be make into sth…
41. at a time
42. in the early
43. at one time
44. on stage
45. the monument to sb.
46. set sb free from…
47. have prejudice against sb.
48. add up to
49. an educated person
50. take sb to court
51. be forced to do sth
52. make sth out of……
53. serve as
54. be filled with sorrow
55.have a talent for
56. pin sth to sth…
57.get caught
58. have talent for…
59. let out a sad sigh
60. a deal of
一．單詞應(yīng)用
根據(jù)單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)正確單詞，注意形式變化
1. Mist is a symbol of danger and u_______ in Great Expectations.
2. Is an e_______ person with a lot of money a gentleman ?
3. He made an a_________ turn to avoid hitting another car .
4. Children must swim in the s________ end of the swimming pool.
5. John is b_______ on getting the first place in the following race .
6. The a_______ chair was made in 1628.
7. He graduated from Cambridge University, so he was able to speak s ___________ English.
8. Oliver Twist was written by one of the greatest n______ in the world.
9. Better be envied than p______（憐憫）.
10. This is a new kind of glassware that r_______ heat.
11. The hungry boy ate his food g_______（貪婪地）.
12. He became famous nationwide o_______________.
13. Sunlight is___________ (使變化) into chemical energy, when it falls on the leaves of plants .
14. He is __________(展出) his paintings at our school .
15. You may praise your child ___________(公開(kāi)地).
16. A fool always wants to ____________(縮短)space and time .
17. She ____________(嘆氣) with relief .
18. The teacher was ____________(生氣)at him for being late again than before.
19. The dog was his closet _____________(伙伴).
20. The idea for the film was ____________(根據(jù))on his childhood dreams.
二．詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. Literary adj…_______(n.) 2. dust n…._________(adj.)
3. adaptation n. …________(v.) 4. harm n. …____________(adj.)
5. fortune n. …_________(adj.) 6. financial adj. …___________(n.)
7. violence n….____________(adj) 8. shorten v….____________(adj.)
9. tend v…._____________(n.) 10. comparison n…._________(v.)
三．選詞填空
at the sight of, as a result, be force to, pick out, let out, hardly, far from, free from would rather… than, unless
1. It was the little girl who began to cry __________ the nurse.
2. He drove after drinking.________, he was fined $100.
3. Surrounded for 3 days, the enemy ___________ to give in.
4. 1’ll ______ something______-for dinner on my way home.
5. This is a secret. Who has ______ it_______?
6. We had_________ time to discuss this problem.
7. This maths problem is________ easy. In fact , it is difficult.
8. Do come at7 o’clock, _______ I call you up.
9. When her son returned, she was ________ anxiety.
10. I _______ play tennis ______ watch TV.
四．句型結(jié)構(gòu)
重點(diǎn)句型
1. They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written and well received that people still read them today. (P2) 它們是很久以前創(chuàng)作的小說(shuō)，戲劇和詩(shī)歌，寫(xiě)得很好，很受歡迎， 直至今日人們?nèi)匀辉陂喿x這些作品。
so…that…
so...that和such...that的意思均為“如此……以致……”，都用來(lái)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。但二者用法不盡相同，現(xiàn)歸納如下：
so...that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞；such...that中的such為形容詞，后面接名詞 (名詞前可以有形容詞或副詞修飾)。例如：
He became so angry that he couldn't speak. 他變得很生氣，以致說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。
It was such a fine day that we went out for a walk. 那是一個(gè)很晴朗的日子，我們出去散步。
當(dāng)that前的名詞有表示數(shù)量多少的many, much, few, little等修飾時(shí)，只能用so，不能用such。例如：
There was so much noise outside that we couldn't hear the teacher. 外面嘈雜聲很大，以致我們不能聽(tīng)到老師的話。
He had so many falls that he was black and blue all over. 他跌了這么多的跤，以致全身青一塊、紫一塊的。
注意：若名詞前的little解釋為“小(的)”意思時(shí)，則仍用such, 而不能用so。例如：
It is such a little sheep that it can't run fast. 它是一只小綿羊，它不能夠跑得快。
當(dāng)that前是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞且該名詞前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，so與such可以互換，
即：so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.。例如：
She is so good a teacher that we all love her.＝She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位好老師，我們都愛(ài)她。
當(dāng)that前是不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，則必須用such，不能用so來(lái)代替。例如：It was such fine weather that they all went swimming. 那是個(gè)好天氣，他們都去游泳了。
They are such nice apples that we would like to eat them. 它們是如此好的蘋(píng)果，以致我們想吃它們。
高考鏈接
His plan was such a good one ______ we all agreed to accept it.（2006陜西）
A. as B. that C. so D. after which
答案: B.
receive
v. [T] 1) to get or be given sth.: 收到
Did you receive my letter?
I received a phone call from your mother.
They received a visit from the police.
She died after receiving a blow to the head.
Members of Parliament received a 4.2% pay increase this year.
2) to be able to hear someone's voice when they are communicating with you by radio: (無(wú)線電)接收
I'm receiving you loud and clear.
3) to formally welcome a visitor or guest: 接待
She stood by the door to receive her guests as they arrived.
4) to react to sth. or someone in a particular way that shows how you feel about it or them: 被承認(rèn)的,受歡迎的
The prime minister's speech was well/warmly/coldly, etc. received by the conference delegates.
receiver
n. [C] (ALSO telephone receiver) the part of the telephone that you hold to your ear and mouth: 接收器,話筒
She picked up the receiver and dialed his number.
高考鏈接
Mary finally __________ Bruce as her life-long companion. (2002 上海)
A. received B. accepted C. made D. honoured
答案及解析: B. accept…as 接受某人為……認(rèn)為某人是……， receive 強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上收到。accept強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀上接受。
2. Many people do not read them because they think they are old fashioned and boring, and have nothing to do with life today… (P2) 許多人不讀經(jīng)典文學(xué)作品是因?yàn)橛X(jué)得它們過(guò)時(shí)了，枯燥乏味，與今天的生活沒(méi)有任何關(guān)系。
old-fashioned
adj. 1) not modern, belonging to or typical of a time in the past: 過(guò)時(shí)的
old-fashioned clothes/ideas/furniture
2) behaving or thinking in a way that is not modern and is more typical of a time in the past: 復(fù)古的
She's a bit old-fashioned in her outlook.
old-fashioned是一個(gè)由形容詞與連字符和后面加ed的名詞構(gòu)成的一個(gè)作形容詞用的合成詞，類似的詞還有noble-minded高尚的，good-tempered脾氣好的，warm-hearted熱心腸的，black-haired黑頭發(fā)的，等等。
have nothing to do with
與...無(wú)關(guān)
be/have something to do with
to be related to sth. or a cause of sth. but not in a way that you know about or understand exactly: 與…有關(guān)
I'm not sure what he does exactly - it's something to do with finance.
It might have something to do with the way it's made.
3. Why else would many films based on them be successful? (P2) 要不然為什么許多根據(jù)經(jīng)典文學(xué)改編的電影可以成功呢？
else
adv. used after words beginning with any-, every-, no- and some-, or after how, what, where, who, why but not which, to mean other, another, different, additional: 其他的
Everybody else has (= All the other people have) agreed except for you.
If it doesn't work, try something else (= something different).
Let's go before they ask us to visit anyone else (= another person).
It's not my bag. It must be someone else's (= it must belong to another person).
The book isn't here. Where else (= In what other place) should I look?
He came to see you. Why else (= For what other reason) would he come?
After I'd thanked them I didn't know what else (= what other things) to say.
高考鏈接
1. First, it is important to recognize what kind of person you are and which special qualities make you different from. (2005 湖北)
A．everyone else B．the other C．someone else D．the rest
2. －I hear they aren’t pleased with the house you’ve chosen for them.
－Well, _______ could they live in such comfort? (2003北京春)
A．where else B．what else C．how D．why
3. If this dictionary is not yours, __________can it be? (2001全國(guó)春)
A. what else B. who else C. which else's D. who else's
4. - Victor certainly cares too much about himself.
- Yes. He’s never interested in what ______ is doing. (2005 重慶)
A. no one else B. anyone else C. someone else D. nobody else
5. I don’t think we’ve met before. You’re taking me for ______. (2005 安徽)
A. some other B. someone else C. other person D. one other
6. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will________. (2004 江蘇)
A. anyone B. anyone else C. no one D. no one else
答案及解析：
1. A 跟其每個(gè)人的不同之處
2. A 其他什么地方
3. D 其他哪個(gè)人的
4. B 其他任何人
5. B 其他某個(gè)人
6. B 其他任何人
base
n. [C] 1) the bottom part of an object, on which it rests, or the lowest part of sth.: 底座，根基
a crystal glass with a heavy base
At the base of the cliff was a rocky beach.
This cream provides an excellent base for your make-up (= a good bottom layer on which other layers can be put).
2) the activity or people from which someone or sth. gets most of their support, money, etc.: 基礎(chǔ)
A strong economy depends on a healthy manufacturing base.
We're aiming to expand our customer base.
3) the main place where a person lives and works, or a place that a company does business from, or a place where there are military buildings and weapons and where members of the armed forces live: 基地
I spend a lot of time in Brussels, but London is still my base.
Nice is an excellent base for (= place to stay when) exploring the French Riviera.
an old naval/military base
v. [T usually + adv. or prep.] 以…為基礎(chǔ)
Where is your firm based?
He was based in (= He lived in or was at a military establishment in) Birmingham during the war.
-based
suffix
a Manchester-based company
community-based programs
base sth. on sth. phrasal verb
If you base sth. on facts or ideas, you use those facts or ideas to develop it:
The film is based on a short story by Thomas Mann.
4. He first published many novels one chapter at a time in newspapers, and some were later performed on stage. (P2) 他的許多小說(shuō)起初是在報(bào)紙上連載, 每次一章, 有些作品后來(lái)被搬上了舞臺(tái).
at a time
dealing with things separately: 每次,一次
If you raise your hands, I’ll answer your questions one at a time.
Frank took the stairs two at a time.
Because of his work, he is often away for weeks at a time.
time常用短語(yǔ)及用法
once upon a time
used at the beginning of children's stories to mean 'a long time ago': 很久很久以前
Once upon a time there was a beautiful young princess with long golden hair.
Once upon a time people knew the difference between right and wrong, but nowadays nobody seems to care.
at the same time
despite this: 與此同時(shí),盡管如此
No-one likes conflict, but at the same time we have to deal with this problem.
all the time
continuously: 一直,總是
I wish you'd stop criticizing me all the time.
for the time being
for a limited period: 暫時(shí)
Leave the ironing for the time being - I'll do it later.
in no time (ALSO in next to no time)
very quickly or very soon: 很快,不久
The children ate their dinner in no time.
We'll be home in next to no time.
ahead of time
in advance: 提前
Let's meet for lunch. I'll call you ahead of time to fix up exactly when and where.
at any time
ever: 任何時(shí)候
Parking is not allowed here at any time.
at (any) one time (ALSO at a time or at any given time)
at or during any particular point or moment in the day:
Only a certain number of people are allowed in the building at any one time.
I'm sorry, but I'm too busy to help you now - I can only do one thing at a time.
at the time
at the particular point when sth. was thought of or done: 當(dāng)時(shí),此時(shí)
It seemed like a good idea at the time.
in time
early enough:及時(shí)
I got home just in time - it's starting to rain.
If we don't hurry up, we won't be in time to catch the train.
We arrived in good time (= We arrived early) for the start of the match.
from time to time
sometimes but not often: 時(shí)不時(shí)的
From time to time I still think of her
at one time
in the past: 曾經(jīng),一度
At one time, George Eliot lived here.
on stage
stage
n. [C] 1) the area in a theatre which is often raised above ground level and on which actors or entertainers perform: 舞臺(tái)
Hamlet is on stage for most of the act.
The orchestra went on/off stage to great applause.
The play is a stage adaptation of William Golding's novel.
The opera singer returns to the London stage (= will perform again in London) this summer.
2) a particular area of public life: 政治舞臺(tái)
The president was extremely popular on the world stage but was disliked in his own country.
v. [T] 1) to arrange and perform a play or show: 安排一部戲等
The local drama group is staging a production of the musical 'Grease'.
2) to organize an event: 組織
Barcelona staged the Olympic Games in 1992.
staging
n. [C] the performance of a play or show: 表演
The production is a modern staging of the fairy tale 'Cinderella'.
be on the stage
to be an actor:
Her daughter is an artist and her son is on the stage.
go on the stage
to become an actor:
At the age of ten, he decided that he wanted to go on the stage.
5. By his death, one of England’s greatest writers is lost to the world. (P2) 他的去世令世界失去了一個(gè)最偉大的英國(guó)作家。
death
the end of life: 死亡
The disease causes thousands of deaths a year.
Do you believe in life after death?
He never got over the death of his daughter.
to death
until you die: 直到死
The animals burned to death in the barn.
He choked to death on a fish bone.
The traitor was put to death (= killed as a punishment).
bored/frightened, etc. to death
extremely bored/frightened, etc. 厭煩/恐懼到極點(diǎn)
the death of sth.
the cause of the end of life, or the end or destruction of sth.:
The failure of the family business was the death of him.
That child will be the death of me (= is always doing something which upsets me)!
die a/the death UK (US die a natural death)
to fail and end:
The play, like so many before it, died the death after a week.
6. Great Expectation is set in England in the early 1800s. (P3)《遠(yuǎn)大前程》以十八世紀(jì)初的英格蘭為背景。
be set in
v. [T usually + adv. or prep.] setting, set, set
to put sth. in the stated place or position: 安置，放置
He set a vase of flowers on the table.
The campsite is set in the middle of a pine forest.
Our house is set back from the road.
If a story, film, etc. is set in a particular time or place, the action in it happens in that time or place: 電影，故事等以……為背景
'West Side Story' is set in New York in the late 1950s.
set 常用短語(yǔ)
set about sth. phrasal verb
to start to do or deal with sth.: 開(kāi)始做…
[+ ing form of verb] I've no idea how to set about changing a tyre on a car.
I tried to apologize, but I think I set about it the wrong way.
set about sb. phrasal verb LITERARY
to attack someone: 襲擊,攻擊
Her attacker set about her with a knife.
set sth. aside phrasal verb
to save sth., usually money or time, for a special purpose: 儲(chǔ)蓄錢等
He had some money in an account that he'd set aside for his kids.
[+ to infinitive] I set aside half an hour every evening to hear Erik read.
set sth. aside phrasal verb
to decide that you will not be influenced by your own feelings or opinions because they are not important at a particular time: 不管,忽略
In times of war people tend to set aside political differences.
Setting aside the question of cost, what do you think of the idea in principle?
set sth. back phrasal verb
to reduce sth. to a weaker or less advanced state: 減少
This result has set back their chances of winning the competition.
set sth. down phrasal verb
to write or print sth., especially to record it in a formal document: 記下,寫(xiě)下
The rules of the club are set down in the members' handbook.
set sth. off phrasal verb
to cause an activity or event, often a series of events, to begin or happen: 使發(fā)生
The court's initial verdict in the police officers' trial set off serious riots.
to cause a loud noise or explosion, such as that made by a bomb or an alarm (= a warning sound), to begin or happen: 使爆炸
Terrorists set off a bomb in the city centre.
Somebody set the alarm off on my car.
set out phrasal verb
to start an activity with a particular aim: 著手做…
She set out with the aim of becoming the youngest ever winner of the championship.
[+ to infinitive] They set out to discover a cure for cancer.
set sth. out phrasal verb
to arrange sth., usually a number of things, in an attractive or organized way: 安排,組織
The market was full of brightly coloured vegetables set out on stalls.
Every evening Michael sets out the breakfast things on the table, ready for the morning.
set an example
to behave in a way that other people should copy: 樹(shù)立榜樣
You should be setting a good example to your younger brother.
set sth./sb. on fire
to cause sth. or someone to start burning: 使著火
A peace campaigner had set herself on fire in protest at the government's involvement in the war.
set fire to sth./sb.
to cause sth.or someone to start burning:
Soldiers had chased the protesters into a warehouse and set fire to it.
set light to sth. UK
to cause something to start burning:
The lamp caught fire and set light to the curtains.
lay/set the table
to put a cloth, knives and forks, etc. on the table in preparation for a meal: 擺放餐具
Could you lay the table for lunch, please?
高考鏈接
It's ten years since the scientist _______on his life's work of discovering the valuable chemical. (2004 江蘇)
A. made for B. set out C. took off D. turned up
答案及解析：選B. 著手開(kāi)始做…
7. Pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say, but Joe is a kind and simple man, who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.（P3）皮普的姐姐幾乎沒(méi)有什么善言好語(yǔ)，但喬卻是一個(gè)淳樸善良的人，他寧愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何傷害。
would rather
The phrase would rather means ‘prefer to do sth.’. It is usually shortened to ’d rather in informal English.
I’d rather have a quiet night in front of the TV.
We could go to the park for a picnic next Sunday if you would rather do that.
She’d rather go shopping in the afternoon.
The phrase would rather… than … means ‘to prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. else’.
I’d rather stay at home than go shopping in the crowded department store.
I’d rather go to the cinema to watch a new film than watch an old one at home.
She’d rather read storybooks than watch cartoon films.
高考鏈接
To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train _____ travel by air. (2004 全國(guó))
A. as B. to C. than D. while
答案: C
8. Mist is symbol of danger and uncertainty in Great Expectations. (P3)《遠(yuǎn)大前程》中霧是危險(xiǎn)和不確定性的象征。
symbol
n. [C] 1) a sign, shape or object which is used to represent sth. else: 象征
A heart shape is the symbol of love.
The wheel in the Indian flag is a symbol of peace.
2) sth. that is used to represent a quality or idea:
Water, a symbol of life, recurs as an image throughout her poems.
3) an object can be described as a symbol of sth. else if it seems to represent it because it is connected with it in a lot of people's minds:
The private jet is a symbol of wealth.
4) a number, letter or sign used in mathematics, music, science, etc: 符號(hào)
The symbol for oxygen is O2.
9. Excited by his move to London, Pip can hardly wait to begin his new life. (P3) 搬到倫敦讓皮普興奮不已，他迫不及待地開(kāi)始了他的新生活。
hardly
adv. only just; almost not: 幾乎不
I could hardly hear her at the back.
The party had hardly started when she left.
He hardly ate anything/He ate hardly anything.
We hardly ever (= almost never) go to concerts.
Hardly had a moment passed before the door creaked open.
adv. certainly not: 當(dāng)然不
You can hardly expect a pay rise when you've only been working for the company for two weeks!
Well don't be angry with me - it's hardly my fault that it's raining!
高考鏈接
1. I must be getting fat - I can ______ do my trousers up. (2004 全國(guó))
A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom
2. It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much. (2004 廣東)
A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly
3. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but believe it or not, he ______passed the last exam. (2000 上海)
A. easily B. hardly B. actually D. successfully
答案及解析:
1. B. 我褲子幾乎拉不上去了.
2. D. It’s hardly any wonder =It’s no wonder 難怪(不足為怪)
3. B. 沒(méi)通過(guò)上次的考試.
10. Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love. (P3) 皮普一心要成為一名紳士，贏得愛(ài)斯特拉的芳心。
bend
v. [I or T] (bent, bent) 1) to (cause to) curve: (使)彎曲
I bent down and picked up the coins lying on the road.
Now, bend forward/over and touch your toes!
Make sure you bend your knees when you're picking up heavy objects.
The road bends to the left after the first set of traffic lights.
After her fall she complained that she couldn't bend her leg properly.
2) to unwillingly accept the opinions or decisions of other people: 向……屈服
The local council was forced to bend to public pressure.
n. [C] a curved part of sth.: 彎頭
There's a bend in the pipe so you can't see from one end to the other.
The car came round the bend on the wrong side of the road.
be bent on
means to be completely determined to to do sth. bad.
The crowd of young people was bent on violence.
Their actions show clearly that they are bent on destroying his career.
11. a large sum of (P5)
sum
n. [C] 1) an amount of money: 一筆錢
Huge sums of money are spent on national defense.
He'll get 50 000 from the company when he retires, which is a tidy (= large) sum.
HUMOROUS I worked for three whole weeks for which I received the princely (= very low) sum of $100.
2) a calculation, especially a simple one, using such processes as adding, subtracting, multiplying or dividing: 計(jì)算
I remember how much I hated doing sums when I was at school.
n. [S] the whole number or amount when two or more numbers or amounts have been added together: 總數(shù)
The sum of thirteen and eight is twenty-one.
in sum
considered as a whole: 總的來(lái)看
The meeting was, in sum, a disaster.
the sum of
all of sth.: 所有的
I'm afraid that's the pitiful sum of my knowledge on the subject!
sum up phrasal verb
When a judge sums up towards the end of a trial, he or she makes a speech to the jury telling them again of the main matters they should consider in the case. 結(jié)案總結(jié)
sum (sth./sb.) up phrasal verb
to describe or express briefly the important facts or characteristics about sth. or someone: 總結(jié)
The best way of summing up the situation in our office is to say that it is 'absolute chaos'.
I'd just like to sum up by saying that it's been a tremendous pleasure to work with you.
He's a small man with a big ego - that about sums him up, doesn't it?
sum sb./sth. up (OPINION) phrasal verb [M]
to quickly form an opinion about someone or sth.: 迅速形成觀點(diǎn)
She summed up the situation quickly and took charge.
12. make the acquaintance of (P5)
acquaintance
n. [C] a person that you have met but do not know well: 見(jiàn)過(guò)的人
a business acquaintance
[U] FORMAL used in some expressions about knowing or meeting people:
It was at the Taylors' party that I first made his acquaintance (= first met him).
I wasn't sure about Darryl when I first met her, but on further acquaintance (= knowing her a little more) I rather like her.
[U] FORMAL knowledge of a subject:
Sadly, my acquaintance with Spanish literature is rather limited.
have a nodding acquaintance with sb./sth.
to know someone slightly or have a slight knowledge of a subject:
She has only a nodding acquaintance with the issues involved.
完成句子
1. 由蘇童的小說(shuō)改編的新電影將在下周一公映.
A new film __________ __________Su Tong’s novels is to __________ __________ next Monday.
2. 與這個(gè)案子有關(guān)系的人上周都被逮捕了.
All the people_________ __________the case were _______ last week.
3. 與購(gòu)物相比,她寧愿呆在家里, 復(fù)習(xí)功課.
Rather than _________ __________ ,she would _________ at home ,__________ over her lessons.
4. 當(dāng)你講那個(gè)笑話時(shí),我喜歡.
I like __________ ___________ you told that joke .
5. 他正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)突然聽(tīng)到有人叫他.
He was about to leave ________ he heard himself ___________.
6. Jack 過(guò)去一心想成為一名律師,但后來(lái)他成了文學(xué)專家.
Jack used to ________ ________ ________ law as a profession ,but he was an expert on literature.
7. 我懂得一些法語(yǔ),但并不太了解,
I ________some _________ with French ,but I don’t know it well.
8. 湖里的魚(yú)死光了,這和污染有關(guān)系嗎?
The fish in the lakes ________ __________ ,dose it ________ anything _______ ______ with pollution ?
9. 當(dāng)我們處于困境時(shí)候,不要突然做出決定.
Don’t _________ an __________ ___________ when we are in trouble .
10. 當(dāng)你像那樣說(shuō)話時(shí) ,我想起了你的父親.
You _______ me __________ your father when you say like that.
五．語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用(Negative statements)
1. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not
2. not與其他詞連用
3. not用于if從句中
a list of the most commonly used negative words:
no, not, never, neither, hardly, seldom, few, little, barely…
a list of the most commonly used negative expressions:
on no account, in no circumstances, never before, nowhere, at no time, by no means…
There are some other patterns which can be used to express negation.
1 too + adjective +to-infinitive
In this pattern too, with the meaning ‘very’, is used before an adjective. After the adjective, an infinitive is used to mean ‘(somebody) cannot do’ or ‘something cannot be done’. Sometimes for somebody can be used before the infinitive.
My father is too old to have such a long journey. (=My father is very old and cannot travel so long.)
She is too happy to say a word at the party. (=She is so happy that she cannot say anything at the party.)
The box is too heavy to carry. (=The box is so heavy that no one can carry it.)
The house is too expensive for us to buy. (=The house is so expensive that we cannot buy it.)
2 few + a countable noun; little +an uncountable noun
When we use few to modify a countable noun, we mean ‘not many’, and the noun should be in its plural form. When we use little to modify an uncountable noun, we mean ‘not much’. And few or little here has the negative meaning.
Few students in our class have ever read Katherine Mansfield’s short stories. (=Not many/Only one or two students in our class have ever read Katherine Mansfield's short stories.)
We have little rain all this summer. (=It almost does not rain during this summer.)
Because few or little has the negative meaning, we do not use the negative form in question tags.
e.g.
Few people liked his painting at that time, did they?
There is little ink in the bottle, is there?
Turn the following into negative statements:
1. They’re listening to pop music now.
2. Many people can speak English nowadays.
3. You must make your bed after you get up every day.
4. His mother has a beautiful car.
5. We need a pen and piece of paper.
6. I need wear a warm coat.
7. The old man always goes for a walk in the park after supper.
8. The doctors volunteer in the countryside every year.
9. Mike does sports in the afternoon.
10. You’d better talk with your parents right now.
六．翻譯句子
1. 這種方法很少在這使用, 是嗎?
2. 她寧愿下午去購(gòu)物。
3. 古典小說(shuō)中經(jīng)常用一些意象來(lái)增加興趣, 緊張和文章的深義。
4. 他一到學(xué)校就開(kāi)始工作。
5. 他們的行為清楚地顯示了他們一心要采取暴力。
6. 不要把我丟了工作一事泄露出去,行嗎？
7. 我們一看到他奇怪的衣服都笑了。
8. 艱辛的生活和虛弱的體質(zhì)縮短了彭斯的生命。
9. 那是使該地區(qū)由沙漠變?yōu)檎訚傻臍夂虻膹氐赘淖儭?/p>
七．單項(xiàng)選擇
1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress.
A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied
C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied
2. Isn’t it time you _____down to ______ the papers?
A get, mark B. get ,be marked C. got, being marked D. got, marking
3. With the food ___________ good, it was sold out soon.
A. to taste B. taste C. tasting D. tasted
4. It’s no longer a question now ___________ man can land on the moon.
A. that B. which C. whether D. what
5. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _______ harm them.
A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than
6. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ______his teacher’s proper instructions.
A. shouldn’t have followed B. shouldn’t follow
C. mustn’t have followed D. hadn’t followed
7. The great changes _____ have taken place _____ carrying out the economic reform in our country.
A. may not; unless B. never ; but for C could not; without D. would, bedsides
8. I didn’t expect you can finish the work in three days, ____________
A. don’t I B. do I C. can you D. can’t you
9. Sean’s strong love for his countries is ___________ in his recently published poems.
A. relieved B. reflected C. responded D. recovered
10. There have been several new events ___________ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games
A. add B. to add C adding D. added
11. One of the best ways for people to keep fit is to _____ healthy eating habit.
A. grow B. develop C. increase D. raise
12. --- Is this raincoat yours? ---- No, mine ____ there behind the door.
A. is hanging B. has hung C. hangs D. hung
13. It is staying up late last night that _______ my being late for work.
A. got to B. ended up with C. devoted to D. led to
14. If I drive in this city myself, I’ll probably get lost because I haven’t got ___ good sense of ___ direction.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. a; the D. the; a
15. ____ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants of genes in human body.
A. Exposed B. Being exposed C. Having exposed D. After being exposed
16 – Have you _____ some new idea ? -- Yeah. I’ll tell you later.
A. come about B. come into C. come up with D. come out with
17. At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement ________.
A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached
18. House prices have increased greatly and they are ______ the reach of those with average incomes.
A. over B. within C. beyond D. below
19. Although the old sofa ______ too much space, they still held on it for future use.
A. took up B. took over C. took place D. took on
20. – Do you think the housing price will keep ____ in the years to come ?
--- Sorry, I have no idea.
A. lifting up B. going up C. bringing up D. growing up
八．Reading strategy
Reading a persuasive essay
In a peersuasive essay, the author tries to convince the reader to adapt a certain point of view. In this essay, the author wants us to appreciate classic literature. At the beginning, she asks us to reconsider our ideas about classic literature. She tells us that although we may think classic literature is old-fashioned and boring, it is still relevant today. You can’t find classics in bookshops and libraries and many films are even based on them.
The author gives us interesting facxts about dickens and his book. She gives us enough information to make us interested but not enough to give away the story. If by the end of the essay, we want to read the book, then the author has written a good persuasive essay.
九．課文復(fù)述
文章結(jié)構(gòu)
1.Passage A（Reading）
Classics are the ________ of the literary world. They are novels, plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so _____ _____ and _____ ______ that people still read them today. The language used in them is quite ______ from the language used today, which ____ them difficult to read., but I don’t think they have disappeared and still have a _____ in the world today. Many films _____ on them are very successful. In 1998,a modern adaptation of Dicken’s novel Great Expectation _____ in cinemas. Great Expectation____ ____ ____ England in the early 1800s.Pip is the main _____.He also tells the story of Great Expectation. Pip lives with his sister and his brother-in-law, who ____ ____ die than see any harm come to Pip. When Pip was 7 years old, he met a man in a ____ filed of tombs. Many years later, the man gives Pip a lot of money, and the _____ sets him free _____ financial worries. Then Pip is ____ on becoming a gentleman and winning a girl’s love. By the end of the story Pip has ____ a lot.
2．Passage B（Project）
Robert Burns, Scoland’s supreme _______ hero, has a _____ for being funny and charming.___ he came from a poor family with many debts and did not ever make a lot of _____.After his first book of _____ was published, he became famous ______ overnight, but he was not any richer and continued to ______ his living by farming. The monument ____ him was first publicly exhibited in 1877.About 30000 people attended this first exhibition. The poem “A red, Red Rose” was ____ in 1794.It was ______ to be a song. Love is the theme of the poem. Maybe Burns simply wrote this poem to say goodbye to a loved one.
十．Writing
近期，中學(xué)聘請(qǐng)外教之風(fēng)愈演愈烈，請(qǐng)你結(jié)合下表對(duì)其利弊發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。
好處 1. 提高學(xué)校的知名度。
2. 提高學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的興趣，口語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力增強(qiáng)。
3. 更好地了解外國(guó)文化。
弊端 1. 花費(fèi)高。
2. 一些外國(guó)人難以適應(yīng)我國(guó)的生活方式，甚至擔(dān)心自己的安全。
3. 外國(guó)人不了解中國(guó)學(xué)生的特點(diǎn)。
自己的觀點(diǎn) 一切需要靠自己
注意：1. 詞數(shù)：100左右 2. 短文應(yīng)包括表中所有要點(diǎn)
3. 可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫 4. 開(kāi)頭及結(jié)尾已給出
十一. 任務(wù)型閱讀
Millions of women use cosmetics, often called “make-up”. The cosmetics industry is one of the biggest in the world. Most large stores sell cosmetics, and there are always shops at airports selling them cheaply.
The word “cosmetics” refers to anything that people put on their faces to make them look better. Lipstick, face powder and cream, and eye make-up are the most popular. Although more women than men use cosmetics, there are cosmetics for men as well as women.
Some people even have cosmetic surgery to make their faces look different. They have the shapes of their noses and eyes changed.
The most widely used cosmetic is probably lipstick, as many women who do not wear any other make-up will often put on a little lipstick.
Lipstick is made by mixing together different oils and colors. The mixture is then allowed to get hard and is cut into the shape of a small pencil. When a woman presses the lipstick to her lips, the end of it becomes soft, and some of it sticks to her lips, giving them extra color.
Cosmetics were probably first used in India, but it was the Egyptians, six thousand years ago, who made the most use of them. Rich Egyptian women painted their eyes green and black. They used a red color to paint pretty designs on their fingernails, the palms of their hands and the soles of their feet. Pictures of Cleopatra always show her wearing a lot of make-up.
The Romans also used cosmetics. They liked to make their skin very white and to paint their eyes. They also used a kind of lipstick.
In England at one time, very rich women had baths in milk to make their skin beautiful. They also used a lot of sweet-smelling powder to stop people smelling their bodies, which were often very dirty because they did not wash very often or change their clothes.
Title: Cosmetics
Definition Anything that people put on their(1) ▲ to make them look better Main users (2) ▲
Main (3)▲ Lipstick, face powder and cream, and eye make-up Most popular product Lipstick
Producing(4) ▲ Mix together different oils and colors. The mixture gets hard and is cut into the(5) ▲ of a small pencil .
General(6) ▲ (7) ▲ The use of cosmetics
India Cosmetics was first used here.
(8) ▲ Cosmetics got widely used.
Rome The skin and eyes were(9) ▲ with cosmetics
England Rich women had baths in milk; used a lot of sweet-smelling (10) ▲ .
參考答案
一．單詞應(yīng)用
1. uncertainty 2.educated 3.abrupt4. shallow 5. bent 6.antique
7.standard 8.novelists 9.pitied 10.resists 11. greedily 12.overnight
13.transformed 14.exhibiting 15.publicly 16.shorten 17.sighed 18.angrier
19.companion 20. based
二． 詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. literature 2. dusty 3. adapt 4. harmful 5. fortunate 6. finance
7. violence 8. short 9. tendency 10. compare
三．選詞填空
1. at the sight of 2. As a result 3. was forced to 4.pick… out 5.let out,
6. harly, 7.far from 8. unless 9. free from 10.would rather… than
四．句型結(jié)構(gòu)
完成句子
1. based on, be released 2. related to, arrested 3. go shopping, stay, going
4. it, when 5. when called 6. be bent on 7. have, acquaintance
8. died out , have , to do 9. make , decision abruptly 10. remind , of
五．語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用
1. They aren’t listening to pop music now.
2. Many people can’t speak English nowadays.
3. You don’t have to make your bed after you get up every day.
4. His mother doesn’t have a beautiful car
5. We don't need a pen and piece of paper.
6. I needn’t wear a warm coat.
7. The old man seldom goes for a walk in the park after supper.
8. The doctors don’t volunteer in the countryside every year.
9. Mike doesn’t do sports in the afternoon.
10. You’d better not talk with your parents right now.
六．翻譯句子
1. This method is seldom used here, is it?
2. She’d rather go shopping in the afternoon
3. Classic novels often have symbols which add interest, tension or deeper meaning to the text.
4. Hardly had he arrived at the school when he began the work.
5. Their actions show clearly that they are bent on violence.
6. Don’t let it out about me losing the job, will you?
7. We all laughed at the sight of his strange clothes. / We all laughed when we caught sight of his strange clothes.
8. A hard life and a weak constitution shortened Robert Burn’s life.
9. That was a complete change of climate which transformed the area from a desert into a swamp.
七．單項(xiàng)選擇
1-5D DCAC 6-10 D CCBD 11-15 BADAB 16-20.CBCAB
九．課文復(fù)述
Passage A
1. antiques 2. well written 3. well received 4. different 5. makes
6. place 7. based 8. appeared 9. is set in 10. character
11. would rather 12. misty 13.fortune 14.from 15. bent.
Passage B
1. literary 2. reputation 3. Unfortunately 4. money 5. poetry
6. nationwide 7.earn/make 8. to 9. published 10. intended
十．Writing
Several years ago, when a foreigner appeared in China, many people would gather around and stared at him or her as if they were watching a rare animal.
However, it’s not uncommon to meet some foreigners even in middle schools now. There’s no doubt that schools will be better known. What’s more, it’s good for students to develop interest in English study as well as learn more about foreign cultures. Meanwhile, their oral English will be improved a lot. On the other hand, some foreigners, though well paid, find it difficult to get used to the way of life in a foreign country and they sometimes worry about their safety. The most important thing is that they are not quite familiar with the students. As a result, many students can’t benefit from them.
十一.任務(wù)型閱讀
1. faces 2. Women 3. products 4. process 5. shape 6. history
7.countries 8. Egypt 9. Painted 10. powder
Module 8 Unit 2
新課標(biāo)單詞
universal adj. 普遍的，共通的，公認(rèn)的；宇宙的
splendid adj. 極好的；壯麗的，輝煌的，光輝的
star vt. 由……主演，由……擔(dān)任主角，使……成為明星
musician n. 音樂(lè)家
cast vt. 選派……扮演某角色；為（戲劇、角色）選派演員
butterfly n. 蝴蝶
cold-hearted adj. 冷酷的，無(wú)情的
marriage n. 結(jié)婚，婚姻
correctly adv. 正確地；恰當(dāng)?shù)?/p>
outdoor adj. 戶外的，室外的，野外的
handsome adj. 英俊的
triangle n. 三角形；三角關(guān)系
unconditional adj. 無(wú)條件的
dare vi. 敢，敢于，膽敢
disturbing adj. 煩惱的，惱人的
terrify vt. 恐嚇，使感到恐怖
torture vt. & n. 折磨
guard n. 衛(wèi)兵，護(hù)衛(wèi)人員
affection n. 感情；喜愛(ài)；愛(ài)慕
aloud adv. 大聲地
stage vt. 上演，表演
direct vi. & vt. 導(dǎo)演；指揮，指導(dǎo)
heartbreaking adj. 令人心碎的
component n. 成分，組成部分
breathless adj. 喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)的，呼吸急促的
authentic adj. 真實(shí)的，可信的
fluent adj. 流利的，流暢的
condemn vt. 判刑，處刑；譴責(zé)，聲討
superb adj. 極好的，棒的
privilege n. 特別待遇；特權(quán)
desire n., vi. & vt. 愿望，渴望，欲望
hire vt. 雇用；租用；出租
performer n. 表演者
unemployment n. 失業(yè)
tremble vi. & n. 顫抖，發(fā)抖
status n. 地位，身份；情形，狀態(tài)
tutor n. 指導(dǎo)教師，家庭教師
symphony n. 交響樂(lè)，交響曲
bachelor n. 單身漢；學(xué)士學(xué)位
ballet n. 芭蕾舞；芭蕾舞��；芭蕾舞樂(lè)曲
fame n. 名聲，聲譽(yù)
transatlantic adj. 跨大西洋的
voyage n. 航海旅行
jazz n. 爵士樂(lè)
slavery n. 奴隸制度
swing n. 搖擺；搖擺樂(lè) vi. & vt. 搖擺，搖晃
decline n. & vi. 衰落，衰�。幌陆�
pianist n. 鋼琴手，鋼琴演奏家
violinist n. 小提琴手，小提琴演奏家
trend n. 傾向，趨勢(shì)，潮流
mixture n. 混合；混合物
guitar n. 吉他
discrimination n. 歧視；辨別，區(qū)別
promoter n. 推銷商，推廣者；促進(jìn)者
prayer n. 祈禱，祈求，愿望
draft vt. 征招……入伍；起草，草擬 n. 草稿
regain vt. 重新獲得，恢復(fù)
frontier n. 前沿，領(lǐng)域
appeal n. 吸引力
break up 解散，解體，分手
phenomenon n. 現(xiàn)象
mental adj. 精神的，心理的
haircut n. 發(fā)式；理發(fā)
catalogue n. 目錄；唱片目錄；產(chǎn)品目錄
課文出現(xiàn)短語(yǔ)
1. be set in
2. fall in love (with sb)
3. exercise control over sb
4. be upset by
5. leave … in one’s hands
6. tell the difference between … and …
7. serve as
8. earn sb a gold record
9. take a brief look at sth
10. the founding father of
11. be intended for sth
12. make a fortune
13. regain his earlier charm
14. imagine doing sth
15. take on
16. allow sb to do sth
17. be desperate to do sth
18. the key components of sth
19. develop one’s interest
20. a number one hit
21. play an important role in sth
22. an essential part of sth
23. lead to sth
24. turn out to be sth
25. break up
26. be perfect for
27. be drunk with
28. break one’s promise
29. win one’s affection
30. consist of
31. deserve one’s status as …
32. make friends with sb
33. split up
34. see sb as
35. go into a bit of decline
36. release one’s album
37. be based on
一．單詞應(yīng)用
根據(jù)單詞的首字母或漢語(yǔ)意思填寫(xiě)正確單詞，注意形式變化
1. Music has been called ‘the u language’ because people do not need to speak the same language to understand it.
2 .After months of overworking, Jack was suffering from m and physical exhaustion.
3. Shylock was a c ______ （冷酷的）moneylender, who was always cruel to the people who borrowed money from him.
4. He was found guilty and c to death.
5. Big Joe Tuner never achieved much fame when he was alive mainly because there was still racial d_______ in the USA then.
6. The film is a (令人心碎的)love story.
7. That man is with（醉心于）power.
8. Princess Turandot (折磨)Liu , and Liu kills herself.
9. She speaks (流利的) Italian.
10. An orchestra is a group of m that mostly play classic music.
11. Bill spent two weeks in the hospital r his strength after the operation.
12. If the factory is closed, many people will face u .
13. She went to live abroad after the break-up of her (婚姻).
14.The pain caused the boy to cry (大聲地).
15. Rain and snow are (現(xiàn)象) of the weather.
16. Not only did she speak (正確地),but she spoke easily.
17. When she came out of the water, she was t with cold.
18. All the while she was (使……感到恐懼) by the fear that she had cancer.
二．詞形轉(zhuǎn)換
1. marriage n. --- __________ (v.) 2. recite v. ---__________ （n.）
3. unemployment n. --- __________(反) --- __________ (v.)
4. mixture n. ---__________ (v)
5. promoter n. --- __________(v.) --- __________(n.動(dòng)作)
6. universal adj. --- __________(n) 7. fluent adj. --- __________(n.)
8. prayer n. --- __________（v.） 9.unconditional(adj. )---__________(反)
三．選詞填空
exercise control over, transform into, break one’s promise, be desperate to,
turn out, apply for, for the first time, be drunk with, play a leading role,
consist of, break up, be married to, cut short, fall in love with, be set in,
be intended for, the first time, devote… to , live with, turn in, turn into
1. The company _________ an international corporation from a family business.
2. He ________ see her that he waited outside her house the whole night.
3. If you want to be successful, you should always remember “never _______”. In other words, you should keep your words.
4. The children are easily affected by the outside world. We should do something to _______ them to ensure they do not make serious mistakes.
5. When I met the foreigner ________, I was too shy to speak an English word.
6. The man is a person who________ power, so we all dislike him.
7. He had high prestige among the workers, and he _________in the strike.
8. Those flowers __________ your mother on her fiftieth birthday, but as she is away, I would be glad if you accept them.
9. After working together for many years, they ________each other.
10. ________ I met an American, I was too shy to speak an English word to him.
11. The interviewer _______ his guest in mid-sentence.
12. The police _______ the crowd to stop the fighting.
13. As we know, a chess set _______ 32 chessmen.
14. The film _______ the USA in the 19th century.
15. I was told that she______ a rich man for nearly a month.
16. He used to _______ his teaching when he was young.
17. I regret to inform you that your son has been ______ to the police for breaking the street lights.
18. I don’t enjoy the situation, but I can _______ it.
19. She is the only one of the girls who ______ the position in the company.
20. The actress who had been thought highly of ______ to be a great disappointment.
四．句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1. universal adj.
the Universal Declaration of Human 世界人權(quán)宣言/ 宇宙的 ；全世界的
a universal rule 普遍規(guī)律/ 普通的；一般的；全體的=general
a universal meter 通用電表/ 通用的萬(wàn)能的
2. witness
n.目擊者，證人，證據(jù)
A witness told the police how the fire started,
vt.目睹，目擊，作證，說(shuō)明
He witnessed the accident on the highway.
Ex:
After the explosion,the policeman did a lot of work to find out some clues from the ____-
A. lookers-on B. viewers C. people D. witness
3. star n. the North/polar star北極星
a shooting star 流星
The sun is a star …是恒星
a five pointed star 五角星/ [星狀物]
a film star [明星]
In the list the starred questions are the most difficult. (starred; starring) [常用被動(dòng)態(tài)]用星（或星狀物）裝飾；加星號(hào)
an old film starring Charlie Chaplin 以…為主演
練習(xí)：
We know something about the play which ________ Wang Ji.
A. stars B. starring C. to star D. having starred
4. cast vt.及物動(dòng)詞
vt. 投；拋；擲；脫落
-He shut me up in the copper jar and had it cast into the sea.
-他把我禁錮在壇子里，并叫人把壇子拋入大海。
-The fisherman cast his net into the water. 漁民把網(wǎng)撒在水里。
-The horse cast a shoe. 馬脫了蹄鐵。
選派演員，分派角色
He was cast for the part of Yang Zirong.他扮演楊子榮。
The part was cast to him.這個(gè)角色分配給他演。
5．be set in 以…為背景
The book is set in the 17th century Spain.這本書(shū)是以17世紀(jì)的西班牙為背景。
6．for the first time 第一次，首次，
the first time 第一次做某事的時(shí)候（引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
練習(xí)：
________ (第一次) I went abroad. I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
This is __________ (第二次)that you have been late this week.
This is the first time she had been out with him alone.=This is the first time _____ her being out with him alone.
The first time the second time
7. take on 呈現(xiàn)出…；演繹
take on：招收，雇傭，接納，增加（人手）；承擔(dān)（任務(wù)、職責(zé)），接受（角色、職位）
Her eyes took on a hurt expression 她的眼睛里流露出受委屈的神情
Ex:翻譯下列句子：
The company is taking on new staff.
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
Jackie Chen is going to take on the leading role in this movie.
8．be drunk with 醉心于...，對(duì)...癡迷，陶醉于...
He is drunk with success
練習(xí)：
translate:不要沉迷于網(wǎng)絡(luò)。Don’t be drunk with internet.
They are drunk with making a fortune. 他們癡迷于碰運(yùn)氣。
9. dare vt/vi
He dare speak in public.
He dare to speak in public.
10.exercise control over 對(duì)...實(shí)施控制，控制
We should think of a way to exercise control over our expenses.
lose control of/be(get) out of control 失去控制
be in control of sth 在。。。控制下，指揮，管理某事物
under the control of 被。。�？刂浦�
bring/get sth.under control;be under control抑制；控制
練習(xí)：
翻譯1）He exercise his right as a citizen.他行使作為公民的權(quán)利
2）Teachers exercise authority.老師行使權(quán)利。
11．terrify vt.恐嚇，使感到恐怖
The thunderstorm terrified the child.大雷雨把這孩子嚇壞了。
terrified adj.害怕的，嚇壞了的
The animals were terrified by the storm.動(dòng)物被風(fēng)暴嚇壞了
They were terrified by his sudden appearance.他的突然出現(xiàn)，把他們嚇了一跳。
The children were terrified of being scolded.那孩子害怕挨罵。
12.threaten v. 恐嚇，威脅；預(yù)示V…的兇兆；有…的危險(xiǎn)
He threatened to make the phone public.
他恐嚇說(shuō)要把那張照片公開(kāi)。
The heavy black clouds threaten a storm.烏云密布預(yù)示著暴風(fēng)雨將到來(lái)。
The robber threatened me with a gun.
threaten sb with death用死威脅某人
threaten to do sth威脅要做謀事
13．condemn vt.判刑，處刑；聲討；譴責(zé)
Most people are willing to condemn violence of any sort as evil.
任何人都愿意把任何暴力行為視為惡行加以譴責(zé)。
相關(guān)搭配：be condemned to death被判死刑；be condemned to被宣告...
condemn a person for theft：判某人盜竊罪
be condemned to a life imprisonment：被判無(wú)期徒刑
練習(xí)：
The judge _______ him for fraud.
A. denounced B. condemned C. charged D. accused
KEY:A
II. 完成句子
1. 幾位世界頂級(jí)歌唱家擔(dān)當(dāng)主演，許多中國(guó)音樂(lè)家也參加了演出。
It _________ some of the world’s great singers. Many Chinese _________ were also _______.
2. 它變成了一個(gè)美麗而令人心醉的愛(ài)情故事的發(fā)生地。
It has been _________ _________the _______ ________a beautiful and ________ love story.
3. 不可能有比這更好的場(chǎng)景了。
There ________ _________ be a __________ setting.
4. 故事隨后演繹了發(fā)生在卡拉夫、圖蘭朵和柳兒三人之間的經(jīng)典三角戀情。
The story then _________ ________ a classic love ________ _______ Calaf, Turandot and Liu.
5. 圖蘭朵不顧一切地想知道他的名字，她威脅、恐嚇柳兒。
Turandot is ________ ________ learn his name and _________ and _________ Liu
6. 歌劇在一段美妙的終曲二重唱中結(jié)束。
The opera __________ __________ a beautifully- _________ final _________.
7. 他稱得上是最受歡迎的作曲家之一。
He __________ his _________ as one of the most popular composers.
8. 這次表演讓我激動(dòng)得屏住呼吸。
The performance left me ____________ _____________ excitement.
五．語(yǔ)法應(yīng)用（省略）
省略是英語(yǔ)中的一種避免重復(fù)，突出關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，并使上下文緊密連接的語(yǔ)法手段。英語(yǔ)中，省略的原則是既不損害語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，同時(shí)又不能產(chǎn)生歧義。
1． 不使用替代詞的省略
（1） 省略主語(yǔ)
I have done more than (what ) is required.
(You) Open the window and the door for me,please.
（2） 省略主謂語(yǔ)或主謂語(yǔ)的一部分
Why (do) not (you) say goodbye to your lovely cousin ?
(Are you ) Ready ?Try to answer these questions in your own words.
（3） 省略賓語(yǔ)
---Which of them is better ?
---Well,it is hard to tell (which of them is better).
（4） 省略表語(yǔ)
---Are you hungry ?
---Yes, I am (hungry).
（5） 省略所有格后面的名詞
Jack and his sister stayed in his uncle’s(home) during the summer vacation.
The girl’s handwriting is much better than his brother’s (handwriting).
（6） 省略定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞
關(guān)系代詞that, which, whom在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)通常都可以省略。如：
The book (that) he bought last week is written by Guo Jingming.
Here is the wonderful book (which )I have read many times.
The man (whom) you had said hello to was my English teacher.
（7） 不定式中的省略
a 英語(yǔ)中為避免重復(fù)，經(jīng)常省略上下文已提到的動(dòng)詞原形，只保留不定式中的
小品詞to；這類動(dòng)詞有：expect, forget, hope, intend, mean, prefer, refuse, try, want,
wish, would like和love等。如：
She asked me to dance with her, but I didn’t want to (dance with her).
---Do you want to give us a lecture about how to use an English dictionary?
---No,I prefer not to (give a lecture about how to use an English dictionary)
b 在have to, need, ought to, be going to, used to等后省略動(dòng)詞。如：
I really didn’t want to go there with him, but I had to (go there with him).
c 在某些形容詞等后省略后面的動(dòng)詞。如：
---Will you join in our discussion ?
---I’ll be glad to (join in your discussion).
d 如果不定式中帶有be, have, have been等，通常保留be, have, have been。如：
---Did he pass the driving test ?
---No, but he ought to have (passed the driving test).
2．使用替代詞的省略
（1） 通常情況下，在省略了某個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或句子時(shí)，還需要用某個(gè)替代詞。常用的替代詞有：do /does /did,so,not,neither,nor和the same等。
用助動(dòng)詞do /does /did來(lái)替代上下文出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞，以免重復(fù)。如：
She speaks English more fluently than her elder sister does.
（2） 用so可替代單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，作believe, be afraid, expect, do, fear, hope, suppose, say, think 等的賓語(yǔ)。如：
---Will it be fine tomorrow?
---I hope so. (I hope that it will be fine tomorrow.)
3. 常見(jiàn)的省略結(jié)構(gòu)
省略的特殊用法：
1．當(dāng)幾個(gè)不定式并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)不定式通常保留to，而后面的不定式通常省略to。
2．由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相并列時(shí)，通常第一個(gè)that可以省略，而后面的that不可省略。
3．Possible / necessary 與if, when, where, whenever, wherever等連用時(shí)總是省略“it is”等。
4．a(chǎn)s…as possible 結(jié)構(gòu)常表達(dá)“盡可能……”。
5．if only 后常加一個(gè)虛擬句，表達(dá)“要是……就好了”。
6．what if / though句式常用來(lái)表示“要是 / 即使……怎么辦”。
7．what / how about 常用來(lái)提出建議或征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)。
8．why / why not 常跟動(dòng)詞原形，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)為什么或?yàn)槭裁床弧?/p>
9．在下列短語(yǔ)或結(jié)構(gòu)中v-ing之前的介詞可省略。
have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth.
spend / waste / pass… (in / on) doing sth.
There is no use / good (in) doing sth.
stop / prevent … (from) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
have a good / pleasant / hard time (in) doing sth.
省略的常見(jiàn)句型
1. If (he is) given more intention, the boy could have turned out better.
2. Tom raised his hand as if (he was going) to say something.
3. –You should have thanked her before you left.
---I meant to, but when I was leaving I could find her anywhere.
4. ---Do you think it’s going to rain over the weekend?
---I believe not.
5. –What do you think made Mary so upset?
----Losing her new bicycle(made her so upset).
練習(xí)鞏固
1. Don’t come in unless ________.
A. inviting B. inviting to C. invited to D. being invited to
2. -I usually go there by train. -Why not ________by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. try to go C. to try and go D. try going
3.The doctor did what he could ________the boy，but in vain.
A. save B. to save C. saving D .saved
4. All the girl wants ________do is ________stay at home and study hard.
A. /；to B .to；to C to；/ D. either B or C
5.Although ________to stop，he kept on working.
A. tell B. told C. was told D .having told
6.Ask him to take you home________ possible.
A .at B. while C .if D. if they
7. The English book for kids is the best of its kind ________.
A .that has ever been made B .ever made
C. ever been made D .has ever been made
8. Look out for cars ________the street.
A. when crossed B. when crossing C. if you crossed D. while you are crossing
9. She worked very hard ________still rather poor in health.
A. though she B. although she C .though D. although was
10.-What happened to the boy? He’s making so much noise.
-He wanted to play football，but his mother warned him ________.
A. not B. to C .not to D.不填
11.-Are you a film star? -________.
A. Yes，I was B.I used to be C.I used to D. I’m used to
12.Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl did not dare ________in her room.
A. sleeping B. to sleeping C. sleep D .slept
13. -They have done a good job. -________.Let’s go to congratulate them.
A. So they have done B .So they have C. So have they D .So is it
14.He smokes a lot. Does his father ________?
A. smoke so B. smoke that C .do so D .did that
15. -Please don’t make a noise. - _______. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. No, I won’t B. No, I will C. Yes, I’ll D. Yes, I won’t
16. - Is it raining this afternoon? - I ______.
A. don’t hope so B. hope not C. don’t hope to D. hope not to
17. When ______, he has nothing to live on.
A. being outside home B. outside home C. leaves home D. he leave home
18. - Will he go on a trip this weekend? - If he _____.
A. wants B. will want C. wants to do D. wants to
19. Why don’t you arrange your trip _____ you did last summer?
A. in the way which B. the way which C. the way D. by the way that
20. Cold chicken is delicious _____ salad.
A. when eaten with B. when to eat with C. when to be eaten with D. when eating with
六．翻譯句子
1、這本書(shū)寫(xiě)得很好,很受歡迎
2、被寫(xiě)于很久以前使得一些古典文學(xué)對(duì)于一些人?