Period 3-5 Intensive Reading
1. (P2) TV and audio devices: a review
n. & v. 回顧；評論（文章，雜志）
e.g.: Perhaps we could have a quick review of the progress made so far. 也許我們可以對目前所取得的進(jìn)步作一個(gè)快速的回顧。
film reviews / a review of one’s book影評/書評
review the film/the play 評論
review the events of the past six months
review lessons =go over復(fù)習(xí)功課
review the situation/the evidence復(fù)查，重新考慮
review one’s failures回顧，反思
a book reviewer評論家
2. (P2, line4) Regular public broadcasting followed shortly after, first beginning...
soon / not long / shortly after (...)
e.g.: Not long/Soon/Shortly after the wedding, his wife became ill. 婚后不久，他的妻子就病了。
The family moved to New York in June 1983, and Sarah’s first child was born soon/not long/shortly after. 之后不久Sarah的第一個(gè)孩子就出生了
3. (P2, line6) Many people contributed to the development of TV.
v. [I or T] 1) 捐助，貢獻(xiàn)
e.g.: Aren't you going to contribute towards Jack's leaving present?
Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to contribute.
Her family have contributed 50, 000 to the fund.
2）投稿She contributes to several magazines.
contribute to sth. 有助于，成為……的原因
Smoking certainly contributed to his early death.
contributor
n. [C] 1) 捐贈人
e.g.: At the back of the programme, there is a list of contributors to the theatre appeal.
2）投稿人
contribution n. [C or U] 有助的人或物
e.g.: All contributions (= presents of money), no matter how small, will be much appreciated.
All contributions (= articles to be printed) for the school magazine must be received by August 1st.
This invention made a major contribution to road safety.
She didn't make much of a contribution (= She did not say much) at today's meeting, did she?
contributed to
contribute food and clothing to the refugees向難民捐贈食物和衣服
contribute an article to the magazine
Alcohol contributes to 100,000 deaths a year in the US.
We hope everyone will contribute to the discussion. 酒精促成了美國每年十萬人的死亡。
★ to prep.
look forward to / refer to / get (be) used to / lead to / devote to / pay attention to / get down to / be addicted to / the key to.../take to/ be/get/become accustomed to/ get/be used to/ admit to 承認(rèn) / turn to 求助于（依靠，轉(zhuǎn)而從事于）/ look up to 尊敬（敬仰）/ stick to 堅(jiān)持（忠于等）/ object to 反對/ be equal to 等于，勝任，經(jīng)得起/ see to 注意（處理，照料等）/ come to 合計(jì)；共計(jì)；突然出現(xiàn)在腦海中；談到；蘇醒 / agree to同意(計(jì)劃、建議和安排)/ add to使（數(shù)量等）增加，使（規(guī)模）擴(kuò)大/. appeal to 使感興趣，對……有吸引力，打動(dòng)人心/ attend to 處理，對付，照料，關(guān)懷/ belong to 屬于，是……成員/ drink to 為……干杯，舉杯祝賀……/ give oneself up to 獻(xiàn)身于，致力于/ prefer...to …（兩者中）寧愿選擇其中之一，更喜歡/ help oneself to 自用，擅自取用
4. (P2, line7) Because of this, it is still uncertain who invented TV.
be uncertain about/of + sth.
e.g.: I was uncertain about what to do next.
我確定不了接下來做什么。
I’m still uncertain of my success.
我仍然對成功沒有把握。
be uncertain + whether/how/what etc.
He was uncertain how much farther he could walk.
他不確定還能走多遠(yuǎn)。
It is uncertain + whether/how/what etc.
It was very uncertain whether Henry would contribute to the discussion.Henry是否會在討論中發(fā)言還很不確定。
uncertain plans 未決定的計(jì)劃
uncertain weather/temper變化無常，難以捉摸
★Somebody ＋be sure ／certain about ／of+…”
Somebody ＋be sure ／ certain ＋從句
e.g.: You may be sure ／certain that he is honest．
Somebody ＋be sure ／certain ＋連接代詞／連接副詞／whether to do something”
e.g.: I was not sure whether to go．
Somebody ／something ＋be sure ／certain ＋to do something
e.g.: He is sure ／certain to be back soon．
Somebody ＋make sure ／certain ＋從句
e.g.: You must make sure ／certain when the train will leave．
It＋be certain ＋to do something ／從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，It是形式主語，此時(shí)一般不用sure
e.g.: It is certain that he will come. Wrong：It is sure that he will come
5. (P2, line7) Altogether, three men would be responsible.
altogether adj. 完全地，總共，總而言之
○1You owe me $50 ~. = in all
○2I don’t ~ agree with you. =completely
○3The food was good, and we loved the atmosphere.
A~ it was a great evening. =In a word
6. responsible adj. 對…負(fù)責(zé).
e.g.: Who is responsible for this terrible mess?
Last month's bad weather was responsible for the crop failure.
be responsible for sb./sth./doing sth. 對…應(yīng)付責(zé)任
Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office.
Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.
be responsible to sb./sth.
e.g.: In Australia, the Prime Minister and the Cabinet of
Ministers are responsible to the House of Representatives.
responsibility
n. 責(zé)任
[+ to infinitive] It's her responsibility to ensure the project finishes on time.
She takes her responsibilities as a nurse very seriously.
have responsibility
e.g.: Who has responsibility here?
Jenny, you have responsibility for clearing up the room after the class.
Terrorists have claimed responsibility for (= stated that they caused) yesterday's bomb attack.
The minister took/accepted full responsibility for (= admitted that he was to blame for) the disaster and resigned.
7. (P2, line11) It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for ... to begin ...
It takes sb./sth. some time to do sth
It takes some time for ... to do sth
e.g.: It took a few minutes for his eyes to adjust to the dark. 過了好幾分鐘他的眼睛才適應(yīng)了黑暗。
8. though
conj. 1) 雖然
She hasn‘t phoned, even though she said she would.
2) 但是
They're coming next week, though I don't know which day.
adv. despite this: 可是,不過
We were at school together. I haven't seen her for years though.
as if/though 似乎,仿佛
She looked as if she'd had some bad news.
I felt as though I'd been lying in the sun for hours.
They stared at me as if I was crazy.
even though 盡管
Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become prime minister.
9. (P2, line16)... but it took 50 years before 66 per cent of American households had it.
天黑了之后，我們才到達(dá)那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。
It was evening before we reached the little town.
沒過多久，他就說出了真相。
It was not long before he told the truth.
還沒等講座開始，我就悄悄溜出去了。
I slipped out before the lecture began.
10. (P2, line19)Some consider digital TV to be superior to satellite TV because it allows the same services to be delivered with clearer pictures than before.(P2) 有人認(rèn)為數(shù)字電視優(yōu)于衛(wèi)星電視,因?yàn)閿?shù)字電視傳播的電視圖像更清晰.
1)consider
v. [I or T] 考慮,仔細(xì)考慮
Don't make any decisions before you've considered the matter.
Have you considered what you'll do if you don't get the job?
We're considering selling the house.
She's being considered for the job.
I'd like some time to consider before I make a decision.
v. [T] 考慮到,顧及
You've got to consider the time element when planning the whole project.
If you consider how long he's been learning the piano, he's not very good.
v. [T often + object + (to be) + noun or adjective] 認(rèn)為……
He is currently considered (to be) the best British athlete.
We don't consider her suitable for the job.
It is considered bad manners in some cultures to speak with your mouth full of food.
I consider myself lucky that I only hurt my arm in the accident.
Do you consider him a friend of yours?
She considers (that) she has done enough to help already.
v. [T] 顧及(他人的感受等)
Have you considered your mother and how she's going to feel about you leaving?
She never considers anyone but herself - she's totally selfish!
consideration
n. [C or U] 顧及
It may be fairly cheap to buy, but you've got to take into consideration the money you'll spend on repairs.
Comfort/Safety is an important consideration.
n. [U] 考慮
After some consideration, we've decided to sell the house.
The whole matter needs (to be given) careful consideration.
12. (P2, line19) be superior to better in quality or value than sb./sth. else; greater than sb./sth. else; higher in rank, importance or position
[≠be inferior to]
Your computer is far superior to mine.
你的電腦比我的強(qiáng)多了。
在我看來, 手工制作的褲子要比機(jī)器加工的好.
In my opinion, trousers made by hand are superior to those made by machines.
就這兩本書而言, 我認(rèn)為這本比那本更好.
Of the two books, I think this one is superior to that.
另外, superior還可以作名詞, 意思是 “上級”, “長者”. 如:
我們需要一 封你們領(lǐng)導(dǎo)寫的推薦信.
We will need a letter of recommendation from one of your superiors.
2) be superior to
adj. 優(yōu)于
This is clearly the work of a superior artist.
She was chosen for the job because she was the superior candidate.
For all babies, breastfeeding is far superior to bottlefeeding.
The government troops were superior in numbers (= There were more of them).
有優(yōu)越感的
a superior manner/smile
I can't bear Amanda - she's so superior.
n. [C], adj. 上級,地位高的
I will pass your complaint on to my superiors.
The soldier was reported to his superior officer for failing in his duties.
He is my immediate ~.他是我的頂頭上司
13) allow
v. [T] 允許
[+ to infinitive] Do you think Dad will allow you to go to Jamie's party?
You're not allowed to talk during the exam.
The government has refused to allow foreign journalists into the area for several weeks.
[+ ing form of verb] Smoking is not allowed in this restaurant.
[+ two objects] He didn't allow us enough time to finish the test.
Red Cross officials were allowed access to the prison for the first time a few days ago.
UK The referee decided to allow (= officially accept) the goal.
[R] At the weekend I allow myself (= I permit myself the special pleasure of having) a box of chocolates.
How much time do you allow yourself (= make available to yourself) to get ready in the morning?
v. [+ that] 承認(rèn) ,同意
She allowed that she might have been too suspicious.
allow for sth.
phrasal verb:考慮,顧及
We allowed for living expenses of 20 a day.
[+ ing form of verb] You should allow for the plane being delayed.
We have to allow for the possibility that we might not finish on schedule.
allow of sth.
phrasal verb: If a rule or situation allows of sth., it permits it: 允許
This rule allows of no exceptions.
The evidence allows of only one interpretation - he was murdered by his wife.
14. This machine is superior in many respects to that one. 這臺機(jī)器在很多方面比那臺好。
He is always superior to hardships.
不屈服于艱難困苦
a superior officer/court 上司/上級法院
He always feels superior/inferior (to others). 他總是感覺高人一等/低人一等。
Their performance was inferior to that of other teams. 他們的表現(xiàn)不如其他隊(duì)好。
superior n. 長者, 高手, 上級
immediate superiors 頂頭上司
15.(P3, line32)... the record player had to be wound up by hand and only played a record for two minutes. 當(dāng)時(shí)的唱機(jī)是手搖的，而且只能播放兩分鐘的錄像。
wind - wound - wound 纏繞,卷起;上發(fā)條;蜿蜒: to turn or twist
e.g.: Wind the bandage(繃帶) around your finger.
He wound the wool into a ball.
I hate watches that you have to wind.我討厭上發(fā)條的手表
Remember to wind the clock every night before you go to bed if you do not want it to stop.
wind n. 風(fēng)，氣流, 打嗝
wind v.（winded, winded）使（某人）氣急，打嗝
wind v. (wound, wound) 蜿蜒；纏繞,；上發(fā)條；卷起
a river winding (its way) through a valley / along the coast. 在山谷中/沿海岸線蜿蜒的河流
a winding path 蜿蜒的小路
wind up 給……上發(fā)條;使某人高度興奮
wind down (鐘表)慢下來,停住; (人)松弛下來
The snake wound its way to the hole. 蜿蜒而行
He forgot to wind his watch. 給…上發(fā)條
wind up
1）結(jié)束：Before I wind up, there are two more things to say.
2）處理：She wound up her affairs before leaving the country.
wind down ：
1) 鐘表等慢下后停住2) 放松；松弛
e.g. This year is rather busy for me---I need a
holiday to wind down.
16. n. [U] 控制
at hand在手邊，即將來臨（指時(shí)間、空間上接近）
by hand用手工
in hand（指金錢等）在手上（可供使用）；在控制中
out of hand失控
on hand現(xiàn)有在手頭（=同in hand）;即將發(fā)生（=同at hand）
on (the) one hand…., on the other hand…… e.g.: I don’t have my diary to hand.
to hand在手頭
give / lend sb. a hand幫某人一個(gè)忙
have a hand in 插手、參與
from hand to hand從一人之手轉(zhuǎn)到另一人之手
from hand to mouth僅夠糊口
hand sb sth = hand sth to sb把….遞給某人
hand over移交（權(quán)利、責(zé)任等）
hand in交上來
hand out分發(fā)
hand down（將傳統(tǒng)，風(fēng)俗等）傳給后世
hand back交回，交還
shake hands with sb=shake sb. by the hand與某人握手
hand sth. around (UK ALSO hand round) 四處分發(fā)
18. (P3, line34)... a completely new concept was introduced when the first WebTV set-top boxes came onto the market.
-- become available for people to buy
這種新產(chǎn)品一上市，很快就脫銷了。
When the new product came onto the market, it was soon out of stock.
The manufacturers say the device will be on the market by May.
在出售，可買到
19. (P3, line40)They bought the patent and applied the technology to create the transistor radio.
vt. to bring or put into use or operation應(yīng)用 apply ... to (prep.) ...
e.g.: Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. 科學(xué)上的發(fā)明通常都應(yīng)用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過程。
這項(xiàng)研究成果將應(yīng)用于肺癌的治療.
The results of this research will be applied to the treatment of lung cancer.
vi. 申請 apply (to sb.) for ...
他向?qū)W校申請獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金.
He has applied to the school for a scholarship.
Fletcher applied ___ the company ____ the post of Peter’s secretary.
applicant 申請者
application 申請, 應(yīng)用
the application of this theory to actual economic practice這個(gè)理論在實(shí)際經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)踐中的應(yīng)用
apply for sth to sb向某人申請某物
apply to (sb /sth )(與某人/某物)有關(guān); 有效; 適用于……
apply oneself to (doing) sth集中精力做某事
apply apply to sb. for sth. 申請，請求
e.g.: The new technology was applied to farming.
使用，應(yīng)用
apply the cream （乳霜）to your face 涂，敷
fill in the application
20. (P3, line49)In the following years, more CD recordings became available, and in 1988, for the first time ever, people were demanding more CDs than LPs.(page 3, lines 48-49)
demand need, to need in order to be successful
demand+n/ prnoun/ to infinitive/object clause
e.g.: 教師的工作需要極大的細(xì)心和耐心.
The work of a teacher demands great care and patience.
她要求跟經(jīng)理談話.
She demanded to speak to the manager.
他要求將一切都告訴他.
He demands that he (should) be told everything.
by popular demands由于許多人的要求,由于普遍要求
in demand需求量大,有需求
meet /satisfy one’s demands /needs滿足某人的需求
make demands on sb對某人提出要求
on demand 一經(jīng)要求
demand sth要求, 需求……
demand to do sth要求做……
demand that 從句( 謂語為should+動(dòng)詞原形, should 可省略) 要求……
n. the need or desire / a very firm request for...
demand for ... in (great) demand
the growing demand for pasta in the UK
their demand for higher salaries
All these skills are much in demand in society. 有需要，吃香
supply and demand
demanding adj.費(fèi)力的，需要技能的； 苛求的，要求過高的
a demanding job費(fèi)力的工作
a demanding boss 苛求的, 要求高的老板
21. （P3， line 54）…the popularity ... has increased to such a degree that major corporations are taking over the ... market with ...
degree
e.g.: Water freezes at 0°C.(zero degrees centigrade)
度,度數(shù)(溫度單位)
Her job demands a high degree of skill.程度
I agree with you to a certain degree.在某種程度上
She received a doctor’s degree.(大學(xué))學(xué)位
By degree their friendship grew into love.
=slowly and gradually
22. (P3, line55)…taking over the portable music player market with MP3 players.
take over= hand over
e.g.: Maria's been my partner since I took business over from my father.
People are wondering who’s going to take when the old dictator(獨(dú)裁者) dies.
On his retirement, he handed business over to his son.
take after（外貌）相像; 追趕
take along隨身攜帶
take apart 拆卸，拆開take aside vt. 把……帶到旁邊
take away 拿走，帶走
take back拿回，收回
take down 寫下，記下；拿下，放下
take for 把...誤認(rèn)為 We took him for dead. 我們原以為他死了。
take in欺騙；吸收，理解
take it easy 別緊張
take one’s time不急，慢慢來
take off 起飛；脫下;成功，成名
take on 承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)；雇傭
take out 拿出，取出
take over 接收，接管
take to 喜歡，開始從事
take up 拿起，舉起；開始從事，著手處理；繼續(xù)；占用（時(shí)間、空間）
take…by surprise使吃驚
take…for… vt. 把……當(dāng)作……,把……視為
take….for granted認(rèn)為…理所當(dāng)然
take for example/ instance以….為例
take…in one’s arm擁抱
take a rest/ bath / a look at
take a deep breath深吸一口氣
take (an) interest in對…感興趣
take a lesson from從…中吸取教訓(xùn)
take a message for ab.給…捎個(gè)信兒
take a risk/ risks 冒險(xiǎn)
take a sip喝一小口
take a /one’s seat坐下，坐好
take chance碰運(yùn)氣
take action采取行動(dòng)
take care of 照顧，照料
take charge of負(fù)責(zé)，主管
take/ have exams參加考試
take exercise做運(yùn)動(dòng)
take hold of抓住，握住
take …into account/ consideration把…考慮進(jìn)去
take/ have medicine服藥
take note/ notice of注意
take notes作筆記
take one’s time別急，慢慢來
take/ follow one’s advice采納…的建議
take part in/ take an active part in積極參加
take pictures/ photos照相
take /have pity on sb同情…
take place發(fā)生
take pleasure in doing sth喜歡做…
take possession of擁有，占有
take power當(dāng)權(quán)，執(zhí)政
take office就職，上任
take pains下工夫，花力氣
take pride in以…為榮
take one’s place/ seat代替
take sb/ sth seriously 認(rèn)真對待…
take the place of代替，取代
take turns to do/ at doing輪流做…
take the side of支持某人（方）
take sides in站在…一邊
take trouble費(fèi)事
22. (P3, line57)music websites have sprung up all over the Internet …
spring – sprang/sprung - sprung
spring up--to suddenly appear or start to exist突然出現(xiàn),涌現(xiàn),迅猛發(fā)展
e.g.: Dozens of websites have sprung up to provide information for travelers. 幾十家給旅行者提供信息的網(wǎng)站涌現(xiàn)出來
A breeze sprang up. 突然吹起一陣微風(fēng)。
spring out of bed
spring to one’s feet (=stand up suddenly)
spring n. 春天；彈簧, 發(fā)條；泉
24. Personally, I think people might have found it quite a delight when color TV was first broadcast in 1929.
e.g.: personally就本人而言，就個(gè)人而言
person – personal – personally – personality – personalize
eg. personal possessions／affairs個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)／私事
make a personal appearance親自做
Personally (speaking), I prefer the second opinion.
All the letters will be answered personally.親自
people with strong personalities 個(gè)性堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的人
a personalized signature 個(gè)性化的簽名
25. (P5)delight n. 高興，巨大的喜悅；樂事
It is a delight to do sth.
laugh with delight
to one's delight / to the delight of sb.
take delight in (doing) sth. 喜愛, 以...為樂
e.g.: Chris takes great delight in teasing his sister. Chris以戲弄妹妹為樂。
It was a delight to see him so fit and healthy.
delight v. delight sb. with sth.
e.g.: He delights his audiences with his wit and humor. 他以機(jī)智和幽默來愉悅觀眾。
delighted adj.高興的；愉快的delightful
be delighted at /to do / in doing喜歡做…
e.g.: have a delightful time
I was delighted to hear the news of your success.
be delighted with/at/by ...
26. It is reported that in 1998, 66 percent of house holds in the USA had cable TV.(P5)
It is reported/said/believed/thought…=sb./sth. is reported/ said/ believed/ thought…to do,此時(shí)要注意動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài).
e.g.: It is said that 125,000 people died in Russia as a result of illness caused by this accident. 據(jù)說，在俄羅斯有125，000人死于由這次事故引起的疾病。=125,000 people were said to have died in Russia as a result of illness caused by this accident.
It is reported that there was a bad traffic accident in India last week.
It is told that he will take a trip abroad.
It is believed that the girl will be fit for the office.
It is suggested that the government do something against pollution.
27. (P5) assume V.
assuming Conj 假設(shè)
assumed adj. 假的
尚未證實(shí)他有罪，我們就得①假定他是清白
We must assume him to be innocent until he is
proved guilty.
②開始從事；承擔(dān)
~ one’s responsibility 承擔(dān)責(zé)任；
assume office 就職
③假裝
~ a look of indifference 假裝不在乎
~ an air of concern 假意關(guān)心
Assuming it rains tomorrow, what shall we do?
living under an assumed name 使用假名字活著
28. (P5) These things will bring great convenience and delight to people’s lives.
e.g.: For your convenience, the bank is open until 7 p.m. 為了方便起見.
at your convenience 在你需要時(shí)
household conveniences 家庭便利用具
convenience food(s)/store
Would this evening be convenient for/to you?
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
convenient
adj. 方便的
Our local shop has very convenient opening hours.
A bike's a very convenient way of getting around.
[+ that] It's very convenient that you live near the office.
[+ to infinitive] I find it convenient to be able to do my banking by phone.
What time would it be convenient for me to come round?
NOTE: The opposite is inconvenient.
靠近的,易到達(dá)或使用的
30. record n. 記錄；成績；履歷
v. 記錄，記載；錄音，錄象
recording n. 錄音，錄音制品
recorder n. 錄音機(jī)
record player 電唱機(jī)
歸納拓展
an official record of the accident事故的正式記錄
a school record學(xué)業(yè)成績
his employment record他的工作經(jīng)歷
break/beat the record破記錄
set up the record創(chuàng)記錄
hold the record 保持記錄
keep a record of sth把……記錄下來
make a record制作唱片
make a recording of錄制……
make a recording of “ 錄制”.
又如:
昨天我們對三位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師的講課進(jìn)行了錄制.
Yesterday, we made a recording of lessons given by three experienced teachers.
record n “記錄, 記載”
你花了多少錢要記個(gè)帳.
Keep a record of how much you spend.
31. age
1.at the age of
2.the nuclear age/the modern age 現(xiàn)代/核子時(shí)代
�。v史上的）時(shí)代，時(shí)期
3. I’ve waited for ages. 我等候很久了． =a long time
４.They have two children aged 6and 8. …歲
32. launch
1. ~ a campaign/ an attack開始從事，發(fā)動(dòng)
2. ~ one’s latest novel發(fā)行
Homework:
1. Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
2. Do Parts A and B on pages 106 & 107 of the Workbook.