高中英語完形填空技巧和方法(一) 教學總結

發布時間：2016-6-3 編輯：互聯網手機版

高考題是我們老師和同學的行動指南，好比在浩瀚的大海行進中的航船離不開的指示燈，只有真正領悟高考題才能發現很多的技巧和方法，因為完形填空的設置是中國人而不是外國人，他們是在一定的語言環境下來挖空的，按照一定的法則和規律來設題的。所以我們首先應該了解和充分分析高考題。

( 福建卷 )

一個游客丟失了幾卷已拍攝好了的膠卷，本也沒有什么大不了的�？蛇@里的服務員就不這么看了，他們的服務又會怎樣呢？請看：

Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest __1__ out of our Polynesian Village resort(度假勝地)at Walt Disney was asked how she __2__ her visit. She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) __3__ vacation, but was heartbroken about __4__ several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet __5__. At that moment she was particularly __6__ over the loss of the pictures she had shot at our Polynesian Luau, __7__ this was a memory she especially treasured.

1．A．working B．checking C．trying D．staying

2．A．expected B．realized C．paid D．enjoyed

3．A．disappointing B．wonderful C．uncomfortable D．important

4．A．taking B．dropping C．losing D．breaking

5．A．developed B．taken C．washed D．loaded

6．A．silly B．nervous C．calm D．sad

7．A．when B．where C．as D．which

答案：解題分析

1 B 詞義比較固定搭配前后照應

一個游客付帳離開旅館時被詢問情況。work out算出(總數)，算出總數，有預期的結果；check out付帳離開旅館; try out試驗, 考驗, 提煉；stay out不在家, 外出, 呆在戶外, 堅持到……結束。

2 D 詞義比較邏輯推理

被問到她對參觀滿意(enjoy)與否。expect one’s visit期待/盼望參觀；realize one’s visit認識到參觀；pay one’s visit訪問，參觀；enjoy one’s visit享受參觀的樂趣，滿意。

3 B 前后照應詞義比較邏輯推理

她告訴說她度過了一個愉快的(wonderful)，而不是失望的(disappointing)，不舒適的(uncomfortable)，重要的(important)假期。注意后句中的but的轉折意義。

4 C 詞義比較邏輯推理常識運用

但是客人傷心她丟失了(losing)好幾卷科達彩色膠卷。take拿走, 取通常表示有意行為；drop落下，下降，通常表示有意行為；lose遺失, 浪費，表示無意行為；break破裂，打破, 違犯，通常表示有意行為。

5 A 常識運用詞義比較邏輯推理

客人裝(load)在相機拍攝(take)好了卻尚未沖洗(develop)的膠卷給丟失了。develop顯影；沖洗，通常指膠片等的沖洗；take拿，取，拍攝；wash洗滌, 沖洗，通常指衣物等物件的清洗；load裝載, 裝填。

6 D 詞義比較邏輯推理常識運用

客人對在該度假勝地拍攝的照片的失去肯定感到自己很蠢(silly)，緊張不安(nervous)，而特別地傷心(sad)，不可能還鎮定沉著(calm)。silly愚蠢的, 無聊的；nervous緊張的, 不安的；calm鎮靜的, 沉著的；sad憂愁的, 悲哀的。

7 C 語句連貫

因為(as)客人把這次游覽她特別珍惜的記憶。說明客人傷心的原因。

Now, please understand that we have no written service rules __8__ lost photos in the park. __9__, the clerk at the front desk __10__ Disney’s idea of caring for our __11__. She asked the woman to leave her a couple rolls of __12__ film, promising she would take care of the rest of our show at Polynesian Luau.

8．A．covering B．finding C．making D．keeping

9．A．Excitedly B．Fortunately C．Therefore D．Quietly

10．A．understood B．reminded C．trusted D．discovered

11．A．workers B．guests C．managers D．clerks

12．A．printed B．shot C．unused D．recorded

答案解題分析

8 A 詞義比較常識運用

很清楚公園沒有書面制定包含游客在公園里丟失照片在內的事情提供服務的規則．cover包括, 包含, 適用；find發現，找到； make制造，進行；keep保持，保存。

9 B 前后照應邏輯推理詞義比較

客人很幸運(fortunately)，得到了良好的服務。比較文章后文的內容。excitedly興奮地；fortunately幸運地；therefore 因此, 所以；quietly平靜地, 靜靜地, 寂靜地。

10 A 詞義比較邏輯推理

前臺服務員懂得(understand)應該對游客關心愛護的迪尼斯服務理念。understand懂得，了解，表示狀態意義；remind提醒, 使想起；trust 信任, 信賴；discover 發現, 發覺。

11 B 前后照應常識運用

旅游地應該關心照顧游客(guests)，而非其它工人(workers)，經理(managers)，職員(clerks)。

12 C 詞義比較邏輯推理

她要游客留下一兩卷未用過的(unused)膠卷以拍攝表演的其它內容，而不是印刷好的(printed)，拍攝好的(shot)，記錄好的(recorded)膠卷，并向她保證照顧好其它的表演內容。

Two weeks later the guest received a __13__ at her home. In it were photos of all the actors of our show, __14__ signed by each performer. There were also __15__ of the public procession (游行隊伍) and fireworks in the park, taken by the front-desk clerk in her own __16__ after work. I happened to know this __17__ because this guest wrote us a letter. She said that __18__ in her life had she received such good service from any business.

13．A．film B．card C．camera D．packet

14．A．frequently B．personally C．alone D．actually

15．A．rules B．pictures C．handbooks D．performances

16．A．case B．work C．time D．position

17．A．story B．place C．photo D．show

18．A．only B．almost C．never D．nearly

答案解題分析

13 D 常識運用邏輯推理

兩周后，該游客收到了一個裝有膠卷(film)，也許還有名片(card)，照相機(camera)的包裹(packet)。

14 B 常識運用邏輯推理詞義比較

包裹里是我們表演的演員的照片，并有每一個表演者的親筆(personally)簽名，而非他們的經常的(frequently)，唯一的(alone)，實際的簽名。frequently常常, 頻繁地；personally親自；alone；actually實際上, 事實上。

15 B 邏輯推理常識運用

同時還有公園里游行隊伍和燃放煙花爆竹表演(performances)的照片(pictures)，而不應該是規則(rules)，手冊(handbooks)。

16 C 邏輯推理詞義比較

這些照片自然是那前臺服務員下班(work)后利用自己的休息時間(time)拍攝的。case和position與文意不符。

17 A 前后照應邏輯推理

作者我碰巧知曉了包括照片(photo)，這個公園地點(place)和那個表演(show)在內的整個的事情(story)。

18 C 邏輯推理語法規則

她說在她一生中，從來沒有(never)從任何事情中得到過這樣好的服務。注意句子中的倒裝結構，可以排除almost和nearly。only與文意不符。

Excellent __19__ does not come from policy (政策性的)handbooks. It comes from people who __20__ -and from a culture that encourages and models that attitude.

19．A．advice B．experience C．quality D．service

20．A．care B．serve C．like D．know

答案解題分析

19 D 邏輯推理常識運用前后照應

綜合全文，也許有好的建議(advice)，好的經驗(experience)和好的質量(quality)，但良好的服務(service)不是來自于政策性的手冊上的規定。

20 A 詞義辨析邏輯推理前后照應

良好的服務來自于那些會關心，會護理(care)的有心人，來自于對那種姿態給予鼓勵和學習的文化、素養。care注意，照料, 關心, 護理；serve服務，招待；like喜歡，愛好；know知道，了解。

二、我們讓同學們了解了高考題的特點和基本方法后，應該循序漸進的進行“完形填空方法”的單句或某一段的挖空訓練

一、語法

This autumn was the wettest since records began in the U.K. Floods _______ large parts of the country.

A. covered B. covered by C. covered with D. rushed away

二、語法 + 常識

More and more factories pump CD2 into the air , and atmosphere across the world _______.

A. burns B. hot C. warm D. heats up

三、四個答案對比

In Australia folds have covered an area the _______ of the whole of the Britain .

A. width B. large C. length D. size

四、翻譯:

◆The village of Yaluma __1__ in the mountains of Chipas , a province of Southern Mexica, __2__ people are many Indians.

1. A. lies B, place C. lays D. soon

2. A. Their B. It’s C, Its D. Its’

★Rock stars’ admirers (崇拜者)who love rock music ____1____ about billion dollars a year for records. They pay 150 million to ____2___ rock stars in person (親自).

1. A. take B. cost C. waste D. spend

2. A. meet B, interview C. call D, see

五、連接詞

★They are some of the poorest people in a poverty stricken country. ____ now they have an extra source of income (收入).

A. But B. And C. However D. Therefore

★Rock stars’ admirers (崇拜者)who love rock music spend about billion dollars a year for records. MR. In 1956, Mclean , ___1___ wrote and sang “American Pie” , ___2___ he earns an additional two cents on every single ___3___ of the song.

1. A. who B, he C. that D. as

2. A. and B, but C. so D. yet

3. A, copy B, record C. singing D. performance

★Many rock stars __1__ like Grace slick and Jefferson. Those performers return from a tour, pay their bells, and buy new toys. __2__ when they need money again , they do another tour. They save __3__ money and live from hand to mouth.

1. A. play B. live C. perform D. behave

2. A. But B. Then C. And D, So

3. A. no B. much C. some D. plenty

★English people seem very quiet ______ reserved (緘默的), usually.

A. though B, and C, even D. but

★It was just getting dark; there was a touch of fog and I was on a lonely stretch of road. _____ I was going along cheerfully.

A. But B, And C, Otherwise D, Yet

One evening Jackie was on his way home from the railway station. When he turned round a ___1____ he heard footsteps behind him and he thought ___2____ was coming near. He began to walk ____3___. The footsteps became faster, too. He slowed down. The footsteps also ____4____ down.

1. A. corner B. park C. street D. way

2. A. no one B. someone C. anyone D. everyone

3. A. slowly B, more slowly C, fast D, faster

4. A. put B. slowed C. became D. turned

六、詞組與翻譯

★In 1990 , leader of all big nations met in Japan and agreed to reduce ___1____ CD2 they put into the atmosphere. Ten years ____2____, in Nov. 2000, they met again in Holland to assess ( 評估 ) the situation and decided what to do next.

1, A. many B. a number of C. the amount of D. a good many

2. A. after B. late C. later D. soon

★……. But I was going along cheerfully, thinking about the dinner I would eat when I ___36___ to Salisbury.

36. A. reached B. arrived C. got D. led

七、比較四個答案,翻譯文章

Projects (工程)____1___ this go over under the name of “ Carbon Trading”. The basic ___2___ is that governments and companies can buy the _____3___ to pump CD2 into the air by investing ( 投資 ) in green _____4____ that6 takes it out again.

1. A. as B. like C. the same as D. except

2. A. fact B. meanings C. idea D. things

3. A. forests B. projects C. right D. debt

4, A, projects B. plants C. materials D. trees

八、前提示

★Young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music. At least fifty _______ stars have incomes between two million and six million dollars per year.

A. film B. rock C. jazz D. movie

★Neil Young who performs ____1___ torn blue jeans, sometimes sings to an audience of 10,000,each of whom has paid five dollars for a ticket. ____2____ paying expenses, Young leaves with about $18,000 in his blue ____3____ at the end of an evening.

1. A. in B. with C. for D. on

2. A. Before B. Beside C. After D. Except

3. A. shirt B. trousers C. coat D. jeans

九、抓住主要信息詞(本文的主體---核心) ,比較四個答案,最后排除不可能的選項.

“It doesn’t _____1____,” said one of the older music millionaires, who made a million dollars a year when he was popular , in the 1950s. “performers aren’t worth this kind of money. In fact, ___2___is.”

A. make efforts B. make progress C. make sense D. make money

A. everybody B. nobody C. somebody D. anybody

十、形容詞的選擇（并列連詞的作用）

★If we make a noise on the bus they look ______ and uncomfortable .

A. untouched B. worried C, moved D. excited

★Hellen was an old teacher with a warm smile and _________eyes.

A. bursting B. freezing C. friendly D. lively

十一、后暗示

In this __1__, professors always take every opportunity to push textbooks aside and expose students to real ___2__.

A. classroom B. means C. university D. hall

A. facts B. lessons C. adventures D. experiences

He was sure that he was being followed. He tried to hide, _6_ the steps followed him. He didn’t know _7_ to save himself

6. A. Still B. Sometimes C. Often D. Seldom

7. A. when B. where C. why D. how

分析北京高考題：

文章的題目Surfing：It's Not Just for Boys Any more明顯地告訴我們，本文是關于女孩子對沖浪運動的看法，而且提出了一個很鮮明的觀點：沖浪運動并不再是男孩子的專利！女孩子也能做，而且會有所成就。

Surfing: It’s Not Just for Boys Anymore

If you asked high school girls to name their favorite sports, most would probably say basketball or volleyball. I happen to be one of the few girls who would __1__: surfing (沖浪運動). But isn’t that a boy thing? Some people __2__. Most certainly not.

I started surfing about five years ago and__3__in love with the sport on the very first day. Riding that first __4__ was the best feeling I had ever experienced.

When I try to __5__ surfing with other things, I find it very difficult because, in my __6__, there’s nothing like it. It involves (牽涉到) body, __7__, and soul. There’s sand between my toes and cool, salt water all __8__ us. The feeling I get when I’m surfing across that __9__, becoming one with the__10__, is like I’m weightless.

1. A. tell B. answer C. give D. realize

2. A. wonder B. understand C. reply D. believe

3. A. stayed B. came C. dropped D. fell

4. A. wave B. storm C. sail D. boat

5. A. bring B. connect C. compare D. tie

6. A. work B. study C. holiday D. life

7. A. mind B. effort C. health D. time

8. A. along B. above C. around D. by

9. A. beach B. water C. board D. lake

10. A. sky B. world C. earth D. ocean

答案

1 B 前后照應

邏輯推理詞義比較

如果你詢問高中的女生們她們最喜歡的體育運動的名字，她們不是告訴(tell)，給予(give)，意識到(realize)，而是回答(answer)你詢問的問題。

2 A 常識運用邏輯推理詞義比較

先看語境：前一句的意思是“但是它難道不是男孩子的事情嗎?(意思是：這是男孩子的事情。)”；后一句的意思是“大多數人當然不……”，由社會的實際情況和這兩句的意思可以判斷出，只是有一部分人(不太多)對此問題(前一句)不理解(understand)，不相信(believe)，不能作出回答(reply)，而納悶、驚奇(wonder)，持懷疑態度，而大多數人卻肯定地認為：沖浪運動是男孩子的事情。

3 D 固定搭配

fall／be in love with…愛上……，是固定結構，其它選項沒有這種搭配形式。

4 A 常識運用

因為文章是在談論沖浪運動，沖上第一個浪(wave)去是我經歷過的最佳感受，而不是暴風雨 (storm)、航海(sail)或船(boat)。

5 C 固定搭配詞義比較

作者想把沖浪運動和其他運動進行比較(compare)。connect with連接, 聯絡，將...連起來；compare with與…比較；tie up with和…聯系一起；bring帶來，引起，通常不與with連用。

6 D 邏輯推理常識運用

作者把沖浪運動當作了它的生活(life)的組成部分，她不僅僅只是在假期(holiday)里沖浪，當然工作(work)和學習(study)也不能耽誤。in my life是“在我的生活中”。

7 A 常識運用詞義比較

沖浪運動涉及到身體，智力、智慧(mind)和心靈、精神諸方面，這三個方面共同組成人的身心發展因素。

8 C 常識運用邏輯推理

在海洋里進行沖浪運動，身體的沿線(along)，上面(above)，旁邊(by)，而是身體的四周(around)都是涼爽的咸水。

9 B 常識運用邏輯推理

沖浪運動可能要經過沙灘(beach)，有可能是在湖(lake)里，但它主要還是腳踏沖浪板(board)在水(water)面上進行。

10 D 常識運用邏輯推理

沖浪運動是在大海、大洋中進行的，就有和海洋(ocean)融為一體的感覺。

The one thing I can __11__ from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge(挑戰). You can never be the “best suffer” because the ocean __12__ an uncountable variety of waves that nobody can ever master. The variations of surfing styles are wonderful. Some suffers are free and flowing; others are very aggressive(活躍有力的) and __13__. All of these things attract me to surfing and make it __14__ from any other sport.

I’ve __15__ to tell every girl I know to do something that people don’t think girls can do. It’s part of being human to advance to new __16__, so shouldn’t it be expected that girls should step up and start __17__ the limits of things boys and men used to dominate(主宰)?

There’re women __18__ side by side with the President of our country, so why not side by side with the boys __19__ the football team or out in the water surfing? Give girls a chance to __20__, and they will.

11. A. take B. get C. make D. keep

12. A. catches B. includes C. offers D. collects

13. A. sharp B. great C. hard D. calm

14. A. known B. right C. far D. different

15. A. chosen B. tried C. learned D. promised

16. A. levels B. points C. steps D. parts

17. A. reaching B. accepting C. pushing D. setting

18. A. sitting B. walking C. fighting D. working

19. A. of B. from C. on D. with

20. A. think B. succeed C. perform D. feel

答案

11 B

作者不是從其他運動，而是從沖浪運動中獲得(get)了無止境的挑戰的體會”。再則，前文The feeling I get when I'm surfing across that water，becoming one with the ocean也有暗示。take from減少, 降低；get from從……得到；make from由...制造； keep from阻止, 隱瞞, 抑制。

12 C

你永遠也不會是最好的沖浪手，因為大洋呈現、提供(offer)的是任何人都控制不了的、數不盡的、各種各樣的海浪。catch抓住，捕獲；include包括，包含；offer提供；collect收集，聚集。

13 A

有些沖浪手自由自在、嫻熟流暢，有些沖浪手則活躍有力、生機勃勃。注意這兩個句子的并列關系，應該特別注意free 和 flowing之間詞義的順承和協調“自由而流暢”，后句的aggressive and__13__也應該是這樣一種意義聯系，故選擇A，sharp可以表示“精明敏捷的，迅速活潑，有力有為”的意思，其它三項在意義上與aggressive的順承和協調相距甚遠。

14 D

所有的這些都在吸引著我去沖浪，并使之不同于(different)其他運動。注意此段第一句The one thing I can get from surfing and not any other sport is endless challenge.也有所暗示。(be) different from和……不同。(be)far from遠離, 遠非；known和right通常不與from搭配。

15 B

我盡力(try)地勸我所認識的每一個女孩去做人們認為女孩不能做的事情。choose選擇、挑選；try試圖、努力；learn學習；promise答應、許諾。

16 A

朝著新的水平(level)不斷前進是人類活動的組成部分。level水平，水準, 標準, 級別；point 點, 尖端；step步調, 步伐, 步驟, 措施；part 部分, 局部。

17 C

所以女孩子們難道不應當應拾級而上，開始沖破(push)男人過去主宰的事物極限嗎？reach到達，伸出；accept 接受, 認可；push突出，突破攻擊；set 放置，樹立，調整。

18 D

在我們國家有女性和總統不僅僅一起坐(sit)，步行(walk)，戰斗(fight)，而且并肩工作(work)著。同時注意句子的一般現在時意義特征，表示經常性的行為。

19 C

所以為什么女孩子不能夠肩并肩地與男孩子一起踢足球，外出一起沖浪呢？介詞on表示“在……供職”、“(是)…的成員”，on the football team的意思是“是/成為足球隊隊員”。

20 B

給女孩子一個獲得成功(succeed)的機會，讓她們思考(think) ，感覺(feel)表演(perform)，她們就都會有所成就。