Lessons21-22 Unit6

發布時間：2016-7-11 編輯：互聯網手機版

羅玉南

Lesson 21

Teaching Aims.

1. Learn and master the following:

(1)Phrases: excuse me for...; not ... any more; What a pity/shame

(2)Sentence pattern: It is a pity that...

2. Review everyday English appearing from Unit 1 to Unit 5, especially the expressions and sentences used when making a phone call and talking about the hobby.

3. Enable the students to learn and master how to express oneself when telling someone else something about collecting coins and stamps by phone.

Teaching Important Points:

How to make a phone call.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to make a similar dialogue using the expressions we've learned in this lesson.

Teaching Methods:

1. Listening-and-answer to help the Ss go through with the dialogue.

2. Pair work or group work to make every student work in class.

Teaching Aids:

1. a tape-recorder2. a projector3. some sweet papers

Teaching Procedures:

Step I. Greetings and Lead-in

Greet the whole class as usual.

(Show the students a few beautiful sweet papers and then talk with them about their hobbies. )

(Give the students two minutes to talk freely and then say the following. )

Step II. Dialogue

T: Now today we are going to learn to a dialogue between Bruce and Zhou Lan. They are talking on the telephone about stamps. OK. Now listen to the tape carefully and then answer some questions on the screen.

A Questionaire

1. What did Bruce want to get?

2. Why did Bruce say "excuse me", when he phoned Zhou Lan?

3. Did Zhou Lan have a cock year stamp? And why?

1.no longer / no more / not any longer / not any more不再, 再也不

--- no more / no longer 放在 be 動詞、助動詞、情態動詞之后，行為動詞之前. No more 多用來修飾具體動詞；no longer多用來修飾某種具體狀態動詞．例如：

He no longer lived here.

He has no more trouble.

Bruce works in a company. He is no more a student.

表示時間“一度，曾經”，強調以前的情況不再繼續下去，once but not now。用no longer, not any longer, not any more.但no longer, not any longer多與持續性動詞連用；not any more 多與終止性動詞連用。

She used to study English, but she doesn’t study it any longer/any more.

I am afraid she doesn’t live here any longer/any more.

Does Tom live here? No he no longer lives here.

He is no longer happy.

He doesn't come here any more.( 不用any longer)

---涉及數量或程度時，要用no more. ---替代事物時用 not any more.

鶷here is no more bread on the desk.

I have no more money to spend on new clothes.

I don’t want any more.

He is no more a genius than I am.

下列情況只用no more.

Since no more persons come,. Let’s begin. (adj.)

When no more steam comes, they might get burnt

He has no more books than I do.

I can’t sing this, no more can him.

2.What a pity! What a shame!

I am sorry that I can’t join you in the travel. What a shame!

It is a shame that he can’t join us in the travel.

It is a pity that he didn’t pass the exam.

3.1)You may use the following phrases to ask for person who would like to speak to:

Is … there?

Is that … ?

Can I speak to …?

2)You may use the following phrases to introduce yourself:

It’s…here. This is…

This … speaking.

3)You may use the following phrases to answer a call:

Hello, who is that?

Hi, whom is that speaking?

4).If you are not the person the caller wants to speak to, you can just him:

Hold on, please.

Hold on a moment. I’ll go and ask him/her.

5).If the person who the caller is calling is not in, you may say:

… is not here now. Can I take a massage for you?

Could you leave a massage?

考題：-Hello．May I speak to Zhao Hua？-Yes．__________ ．（MET’92）

A．My name is Zhao Hua鶥．I'm Zhao Hua鶦．This is Zhao Hua speaking鶧．Zhao Hua's me

簡析：本題考查電話用語。答案為C。

4.教材：I'm sorry．I didn't know you wanted it．

考題：-Hey，look where you are going！（NMET’99）

-Oh，I'm terribly sorry．__________ ．

A．I'm not noticing鶥．I wasn't noticing鶦．I haven't noticed鶧．I don't notice

簡析：本題考查動詞的時態，“未注意”是在警示之前，故應用過去范疇的時態，答案為B。

5．It’s a pity I didn’t think of it earlier．可惜我沒早點想起這件事。

1）這是一個含有主語從句的復合句，主句是It’s a pity，從句I didn’t think of it earlier．是真正的主語，其前省略了連詞that，主句中it是形式主語。

2）It’s a pity (that) ．．．是表示遺憾時常用的句型，其中It’s a可以省略，若表示從現在來考慮，覺得以前沒有做某事是件遺憾的事時，從句中謂語用過去時態。例如：

①It’s a pity that you didn’t think of it before you bought the car．

你買車之前沒考慮這一點，真是遺憾。

②Pity that he left so soon．

他這么快就走了，真是遺憾。

3）It’s apity．后面接不定式完成式表示遺憾。例如：

①It’s a pity not to have met him．沒有見到他，真是太遺憾了。

②It’s a pity not to have invited Mr Wang．沒有邀請王先生，真是太遺憾了。

6．I’ve been working so hard recently that I haven’t had any time for collecting new stamps．最近我一直忙于工作，沒有時間收集新郵票。

1）have been working是現在完成進行時，由“have(has) ＋been＋v-ing”構成，表示從過去某時開始一直持續到現在的動作，這個動作可能剛結束，也可能要繼續進行下去。例如：

①Mr Li has been working in the company since 1998．

李先生從1998年以來就一直在這個公司工作。

②It has been raining for two hours．雨已經下了兩個小時了。

③We’ve been learning our lessons since morning．我們從早上起就一直在學習。

考題：-Hi，Tracy，you look tired．（NMET’98）

-I am tired．I __________ the living room all day．

A.painted鶥．had painted鶦．have been painting鶧．have painted

簡析：本題主要考查現在完成時和現在完成進行時的區別。若用現在完成時，其強調的結果應為：Your living room looks very beautiful after the painting！Be tired則暗示動作一直進行到現在，答案為C。

2）have．．．time for doing sth．表示“有……時間做某事”，其中time是名詞，可用no, any, little等詞修飾，for doing sth．也可用to do sth．來替換。例如：

①We didn’t have any time for playing football．我們沒有時間去踢足球。

③The manager has no time for having a talk with you now．

經理現在沒有時間和你交談。

T: Now listen to the dialogue and repeat.You should pay attention to the intonation of phrases like "Excuse me for ringing so late. What a pity! What a shame ! 'After that, please read the dialogue in pairs. After a while, I'll ask some pairs of you to act out the dialogue.

(Play the tape and let the Ss practise it. A few minutes later, teacher chooses some

pairs to act out the dialogue. )

T: OK. Who'd like to act out the dialogue? Yang Li, Wang Yu, you two have a try, please.

(After that, teacher says the following. )

T: Very good. Thank you. Now I'll show you another dialogue between Zhou Lan and her father. They are talking about the call Bruce made just now. Please complete the dialogue on the screen.

Step III. Practice

(Deal with Part 2)

T: Now read the dialogue in Part 1 again and pick out the expressions from the dialogue which may be used when people make a phone call and underline them in your books. And what other expressions can you think of?

(After a short while, teacher can say the following. )

T: If you are talking about yourself on the phone, what words should you use?

Ss: We should use this/here. For example:This is Zhou Lan speaking./This is Bruce, and it is ...here.

(Bb: This/Here. This is... (speaking) It is here)

T: Very good. If you are talking about the other person, what words should you use?

Ss: We should use that/there. For example, we can say "Is...there? Is that... ? or Can I speak to...?"

(Bb.. that/there. Is...there? Is that ...? Can I speak to...?)

T: If you want the caller to wait for a moment,what should you say?

Ss: Hold on, please./Hold on a minute. / Just a moment/Hold the line,please.

(Bb: write them on the Blackboard. )

T: If the person wanted on the phone isn't here now. What should you say?

Ss: … is not here just now. Can I take a message for you?

...

T: Now look at the blackboard. Make up a short dialogue using these phrases on the blackboard in pairs. Then I'll ask some of you to act it out before class.

(After a while,check their dialogue. )

Step IV. Consolidation

T: OK. In this class,we've reviewed some expressions that may be used on the phone. Now look at the blackboard. Let's go through them. After class, when you make a call, you should use them. Now let's do an exercise on the screen.

Complete these dialogue.

Step V. Workbook

Ex. 2.

This is a dialogue on the phone between Bill-Mike's friend and Mike's mother. Read the dialogue. Imagine you are Mike's mother. Please write a message for Mike. Write it on a piece of paper. In three minutes, I'll check your answer.

Step VI. Homework

1. Read the dialogue again and again till you can recite it.

2. Make up a new dialogue using the expressions used on the telephone.

Step VII. The Design of the Writing on the Blackboard

Lesson 22

Teaching Aims.

1. Learn and master the following:

鶩our skills., shape, ring ( n. ), collection, bank, material, hide

鶳hrases: of+ n. ,look round, hand out, here and there

2. Let the students know something about the developing history of the coins.

3. Improve the students' reading ability.

4. Review the usage of "the Infinitive 'and"the -ing Form".

Teaching Important Points:

1. Master the following phrases:

鷒f+ n. , look round, hand out, here and there

2. Enable the students to understand the text better.

3. Revise the-ing Form as Object.

Teaching Difficult Points:

How to understand the following structures:

1. Coins may be of different sizes, weights, shapes...

2....without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.

Teaching Methods:

1. Discussion to make the Ss take interest in coins.

2. Fast reading to find out the general information in the text.

3. Question-and-answer activity to help the

鶶s to understand the detailed information in the text.

4. Pair work or group work to make every student work in class.

5. Revision to help the Ss master the usage of "the-ing Form"and "the Infinitive."

Teaching Aids:

l.a computer 2. a tape recorder 3. a projector4. the blackboard

reaching Procedures:

Step I鶪reetings

Greet the whole class as usual.

Step Il. Revision and Discussion

(Teacher asks some students to recite the dialogue in Lesson 21 and act out the dialogue they made up. And then deal with Part 1 in Lesson 22. )

Step III.鶳resentation

(Teacher uses the multimedia to show some kinds of money on the screen. )

(Show the questions on the screen. Ask the Ss to read and discuss in pairs or groups to complete the task. )

A Questionnaire

1. In which country were the earliest coins used? What were they made of?

2. Why are coins of different sizes, weights, shapes and of different metals?

3. What things were used for money before coins appeared?

4. What can you usually see on the two sides of a coin?

5. What were the earliest coins made of in the west?

6. How many coins did the largest collection found in England contain?

7. What did a person find in Australia in 19787

8. How did so many Chinese coins get to Australia?

Language points:

1. with+ n. + prepositional phrase

e. g. They have moved to another house, with trees around it.

鶷he teacher came into the classroom, with a book in his hand.

2. of+n.

e. g. These glasses are of the same! size.

The conference is of great importance.

3. look round= look around e. g:He looked round but saw nobody.

He went to look round the town.

4. It +be +adj./v.-ed+that-clause

e. g. It is necessary that you should practise spoken English more and more.

鶬t is believed that he has collected a lot of special stamps.

5. keep +n. +adj.

e. g. You should keep the classroom clean and tidy.

Tell him to keep the children quiet.

6. without +n. / pron. +v-ing

鷈. g. He kept the money without anybody knowing where it was.

鶷hey left home yesterday without anyone knowing where they are.

Notes:

1．Coins may be of different sizes， weights，shapes and of different metals．(=coins may be different in size, weight and shape, and they may be made of different metals.)硬幣可能大些⑶嶂�、形状不停T造的金屬可能不一樣。

【問】在這句話中，介詞of起什么作用？去掉行嗎？

【答】介詞of在此處屬于“be of ＋名詞”的用法，其用法為：

①be of ＋表示性質的名詞（＝be＋相應的形容詞）。例如：

This question is of importance．（＝This question is important．）這個問題是重要的。

The medicine is of no use to him ．（＝ The medicine is useless to him ．）這藥對他無效。

Their suggestions are of much value．（＝Their suggestions are very valuable．）

他們的建議是很寶貴的。

②be of ＋表示種類、顏色、年齡、尺寸大小等的名詞。例如：

These computers are of the same type．這些微機是一種類型的。

Her eyes are of a dark gray color．她的眼睛是深灰色的。

They are of the same age．他們年齡相同。

Your shirt and mine are of the medium size．你的襯衫和我的都是中號的。

2．One such collection was found in England in 1978．

【問】此句中，為什么不用“Such one collection”？

【答】句中such為形容詞作定語，這時一定要注意說話人的語氣和such的位置：

①such要置于不定冠詞a或an之前；

②such要置于one，all，no，few ，several，some，many等之后。例如：

Such an old book is of no use．這樣一本舊書一點用途都沒有。

One such book is enough．一本這樣的書就足夠了。

I have many such storybooks．我有許多這樣的故事書

3.Later, another type of coin was used , with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916. 后來，使用一種中間有孔的硬幣，這種硬幣以后用了2,000年，即從公元前221年開始到1916年為止。

a)句中的with holes in it是with的一個復合結構，在句中作定語，其結構是with+n.+介詞短語，這時它相當一個定語從句（…which has holes in it），對先行詞coin作補充說明。例如：

I don’t know how to operate this new type of machine, with lots of meters on it. 我不知道如何操縱這種新型機器，上面有許多儀表。

He used to live with his grandparents in a large house, with trees round it. 他曾和他的祖父母住在一座大房子里，四周皆是樹木。

另外，with的這種復合結構也可以用作方式狀語。例如：

We sat on the ground, with our backs to the wall. 我們坐在地上，面靠著墻。

The wife came down the stairs, with her son in her arms. 妻子從樓上下來，懷中抱著她的兒子。

例如：鶷he teacher came into the classroom ， with two books in his hand．（狀語）老師拿著兩本書走進了教室。鶷he woman，with a baby in her arms， was waiting for the bus．（定語）抱孩子的那位婦女正在等車。

“with ＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構主要有以下六種形式：

①with ＋賓語＋介詞短語鶺e saw a small river with green grass and red flowers on both sides．我們看到一條兩岸長滿了紅花綠草的小河。

②with ＋賓語＋形容詞鶬n the hot summer people all sleep with the windows open．在炎熱的夏季人們都開著窗戶睡覺。

③with ＋賓語＋副詞鶷ian An Men Square looks even more beautiful with all the lights on．華燈齊放，天安門廣場顯得更加漂亮。

④④with ＋賓語＋過去分詞鶺ith the cup broken，the child cried out loud．杯子打壞了，那個孩子大哭了起來。

⑤with ＋賓語＋現在分詞鶺ith the boy leading the way，the soldiers managed to walk through the forest．士兵們有這個男孩帶路設法走過了森林。

⑥with ＋賓語＋不定式鶺ith a lot of work to do，we had to be busy working day and night．有這么多的工作要做，我們只得日夜忙碌。

b)句中的that is，作插入語用，對上文進行補充說明。這一插入語的前后通常用逗號同句子的其他部分分開。意思是“這就是說”，“也就是”。例如：

Bruce lived in China for about two years, that is, from 1995 to 1997.

布魯斯在中國住居約兩年，即從1995年到1997年。

She visited Shenzhen three years ago, that is, in 1996.

她三年前去過深圳，也就是說是在1996年的時候。

4.The earliest coins in the west were made of gold mixed with silver. 西方最早的硬幣是用金和銀的合金制成的。

句中的mixed with silver是過去分詞短詞，作定語用，修辭gold，作定詞用的過去時分詞短詞通常置于它所修飾的名詞之后，大體相當于一個定語從句。例如：

The building built last year (which was built last year ) is now a hospital. 去年建的大樓現在是家醫院。

The young girl dressed in red (who is dressed in red) is a dancer.

穿紅衣服的那位年輕的姑娘是舞蹈演員。

需要注意的是：當單個的過去分詞作定語時，通常放在被修飾的名詞前面。例如： Who is your most respected teacher ? Mr Li is。誰是你的最尊敬的老師？李先生。

The broken window has been repaired. 那扇壞窗子已經修好了。

5.The new Chinese panda coin is made of 99.99% gold. 新的中國熊貓硬幣的含金量為99.99%。

a)句中的be made of短語意為“由……制造”。用這一結構時，主要是指成品中可以看出原材料，其制作過程中僅發生了物理變化。例如：

The desks and chairs are made of wood. 課桌和椅子是用木頭制造的。

There wine bottles are made of glass. 這些酒瓶是用玻璃做的。

但有些制品制成后，已看不出原材料，其制作過程發生了化學變化，這時則由短語be made from表示。例如：

Gas is made from coal. 煤氣由煤制成。

This kind of wine is made from grape. 這種酒是葡萄做的。

b)99.99%讀作ninety─nine, point ninety─nine percent, 拼寫時percent也可以分開寫成per cent.

6.It contained 54, 951 coins dating from the years 260-275 A.D. 那一堆硬幣共有54,951枚，制幣時間是公元260年至275年之間。

a)句中的it指上文提到的the collection of coins found in England in 1978.

b)b)dating from短語在句中作定語，相當于一個定語從句……which dated from the years…，修飾先行詞coins, date在這里是不及物動詞，意思是“起始”，“興起于……”，常與介詞from一起構成短語date from, 作“始于……”時期（=come into being or come from a centain time.）。例如：

This castle dates from the 14th century. 這座城堡建于14世紀。

The Great Wall dates from the third century BC.

長城始建于公元前三世紀。

date作名詞時，意思為“日期”，“日子”。例如：

Today’s date is the 23rd of October. 今天是10月23日。

Has the date of the meeting been fixed? 開會的日期定下來了嗎？

7.It is known that thousands of Chinese worked in the gold mines in the late 19th century. 眾所周知，在十九世紀末成千上萬的中國工人在金礦里干活。

a)It is known that…是一固定句型，其中it是形式主語，that引導的句子是真正的主語類似這樣的結構還有：

It is reported that…, it is announced that…, It is said that…。例如：

It is reported that the old building burned down last week dated from the early 187os.

據報道，上周燒毀的那座古代的建筑物始建于十九世紀初。

It is said that she started to learn to swim in her late fifties.據說她在她近六十歲時開始學游泳的。

b)句中的late為形容詞，表示“后期”、“末期”，而early則表示“早期”、“初期”。例如在上面的二個句子中分別出現了the early 1870s十九世紀初和in her late fifties在她近六十歲時。

8.It is possible that one of them kept a kind of bank where the workers could keep their money safe.其中有一個人可能開了一個錢莊，工人們可以把錢安全地存放在那里。

a)這是一個由形成主語it引導的句子，其真正的主語是that引導的句子，其結構是It is+adj.+that clause. 例如：

It is possible that it will rain tomorrow.明天可能會下雨。

It is important that every student follows the teacher’s advice. 每個學生都應聽從老師的忠告，這一點很重要。

另外，要注意possible, probable和likely的區別：possible表示客觀上潛在的可能性；probable表示有幾分根據的推測；而likely則表示有充分根據的推測。

b)句中的keep a bank意思是“開辦銀行”。這里keep是及物動詞，作“經營”、“養活”、“管理”解，后跟名詞作賓語。例如：

My father keeps a shop in a small village.

我父親在一個小村子里開了家商店。

The old woman has a young girl to keep her house.

這位老婦人雇傭了一位年輕的姑娘替她管家。

He has to work very hard to keep the family. 為了養家糊口他得努力工作。 c)本句中的keep the money safe這一結構中，keep也是及物動詞，但意為“保持（某種狀況）”，其后跟的是帶形容詞的復合結構：keep+n.+adj.，例如：

We should keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我們應該保持教室的整潔。 Put the food into the refrigerator to keep it cool, or it will go bad. 把這些食物放在冰箱里以便冷藏，否則會變壞的。

Unit6 重點詞語辨析

1．pity; shame煩

(1)犃秸呔可表示“遺憾的事”，常與a連用，指沒實現某種愿望而感到遺憾、懊悔或可惜，可以換用。例如：鶺hat a pity／shame that she can not come!牘她不能來真是遺憾！鶬t is ashame／pity that you can’t help us．你不能幫助我們真是遺憾。

(2)爏hame還可表示“可恥之事；令人難堪的事”，指說話人對某種行為感到厭煩、憎惡或討厭，而pity沒有這一意思。例如：鶬t’s ashame to be so wasteful．這么浪費，太可恥了。鶬t’s ashame to treat animals like that．那樣對待動物真是太過分了。

2．penny; pence; pennies煩

(1)爌enny“便士”，為硬幣，是英國及愛爾蘭等國的貨幣單位，100便士等于一英磅。pence及pennies都是penny的復數，但用法有別：pence指錢的總額，pennies指一個一個的硬幣。例如：鶷his pen costs thirty pence．這支鋼筆賣三十便士。鶪ive me ten pennies for this ten-penny piece．請把這枚十便士的硬幣換成十枚一便士的硬幣。

(2)牎笆詞＋penny”表示“……便士的”，為形容詞，作定語；

“數詞＋pence”表示“……便士”，為名詞。試比較：鷉ive penny五便士的（形容詞）five pence五便士（名詞）

3．possibly; probably; perhaps; maybe

這幾個副詞都有“可能”的意思，用法如下：煩

(1)possible“或許；也許”，所指的可能性較小，為加強語氣，可與can或could連用；與may連用，表示的可能性更些＠如：鶬t may possibly be true．也許是真的。

Please call me as soon as you possibly can．請盡快給我打電話。

Could you possibly tell me the answer﹖你能告訴我這個答案嗎？煩

(2)爌robably“很有可能；十之八九”，其語義較強，可能性較大。在否定句中，probably不能緊跟在否定詞之后。例如：鶬t will probably be fine tomorrow．明天大概會是晴天。譯：她大概不會來這里。正：Probably she won’t come here．正：She probably won’t come here．正：She won’t come here probably．誤：She won’t probably come here．煩

3) perhaps“或許”，含有“可能這樣，也可能不這樣”之意，其含義和用法與maybe一樣，多用于口語。maybe多用于美國英語。在這幾個單詞中，語義最強的是probably，其次是perhaps和maybe，最弱的是possibly。例如：

Perhaps we will be late for work．或許我們上班會遲到。

Perhaps we’d better take a bus．也許我們最好乘公共汽車

Step V. Note Making and Consolidation

(Deal with Part 3)

T: OK, look at Part 3. Note making. Do you know what's the difference between a note and a sentence?

Ss:Yes. A note often has no main verb and some words or phrases: Prepositions, articles etc. may be missing, while a sentence should hame a subject,a main verb and other words.

T: Very good. Now read the passage again and make notes about the information about coins in your exercise books.

(Teacher goes among the class to check their answers. After a while, teacher checks the note with鷗he class, then writes them on the blackboard. )

(Bb:the information about coins. )

T:Now close your books. Listen to the tape of the passage and try to remember everything. Then we'll do the exercise on the screen.

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Step VI. Practice

(Deal with Part 4 and Part 5)

Step VII Workbook

T:Now turn to Page 99. Let's do Ex. 3.鶪o through Ex. 3 and you know what you should do. Then do it one by one.

Step VIII Summary and Homework

T: In this class, we've learned something about different kinds of coins and we have also learned some phrases such as "be of. Look around, hand out, here鷄nd there," and the following structures: It + be + adj. v-ed + that clause

and without + n. / pron. + v-ing. You should master them. Also, we revised "the Infinitive" and" the -ing Form" used as subject and object. Now today's homework: Do Ex. 4 in the workbook.