一．高考考點剖析：
名詞的數量及用法可謂紛繁復雜，高考題每年都有對名詞的考查。近幾年考卷對該部分的單純考查在逐漸減少，但有向完型填空和短文改錯等題型遷移的特征。有關名詞的考查應蘊涵以下考點：
1名詞的“數” 2名詞的“格”（所有格）
3名詞做定語的形式
4在一定語境中名詞的詞意辨析
5鏈接語法：主謂一致
冠詞應著重掌握下列知識點：
1、 定冠詞the、不定冠詞a/an以及零冠詞的一般用法；
2、 冠詞的習慣用法和特殊用法。
二．知識結構梳理：
一）名詞
名詞是表示人，事物，地點或抽象概念的名稱的詞。
名詞 專有名詞 Mary, Beijing 不可數名詞
普通名詞 物質名詞 water, sand
抽象名詞 happiness, success
集體名詞 family, team
可數名詞
個體名詞 book, pen, man
I. 名詞的數
在熟悉名詞單數變復數規則的基礎上，突出以下幾點：
1．注意以下名詞數的概念
1.1. 以s結尾，仍為單數的名詞(多為學科名詞)， 如：
physics, linguistics, mathematics, politics, statistics, news , the United States
1.2. 抽象名詞：表示具體或特定時，前面應有不定冠詞
a pleasure/pity/surprise/success/failure/shame
/an honor
a bright future, a strong character, a great help, a waste of time, a knowledge of English
1.3 總稱名詞：表示一類事物的總稱，不能加s
machinery, furniture, equipment, technology, luggage, baggage, homework, evidence
1.4單數和復數形式表達不同的意思
chicken雞肉 / chickens小雞; fish魚肉 / fishes( fish )各種魚; paper紙 / papers試卷; water水 / waters水域，room空間/ rooms房間
1.5只有復數形式的名詞，如
glasses （眼鏡）,trousers, clothes，scissors等，注意加單位名詞的用法：a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers
1.6 形式上雖是單數，但表示的是復數含義
people , police, cattle, staff, public, the +adj., the + 分詞;（表示一類人）
1.7 以復數形式出現，表達復數含義
belongings, surroundings, earnings, savings, shoes, socks, goods, thanks, congratulations, funds, pains, arms, troops
2.集合名詞的數
注意主謂一致：看成一個整體時，謂語用單數，若側重各個成員，則用復數
eg: a) The average family is a great deal smaller than it used to be.
b) My family are going with me.
3. 單復數同形的名詞
fish, deer, sheep, youth, Chinese, Japanese, means, species, crossroads, series, works
eg: How many deer are there in Dafeng now?
4 由連字符構成的復合名詞的“數”:
a)合成名詞的復數形式通常只將其中的主體名詞變成復數：
lookers-on 參觀者 sons-in-law 女婿 editors-in-chief主編 shoe-makers 鞋匠
b)如果沒有主體名詞，在最后一個詞上加復數詞尾：
go-betweens 中間人 grown-ups 成人 follow-ups 續集 good-for-nothings 飯桶
c) man, woman, gentleman等作定語時定語和被修飾詞都變成復數：
men workers women teachers gentlemen officials
5.不規則名詞的“數”:
常用改變元音字母或詞尾加en的方法構成
woman -women, child-children, ox -oxen, tooth -teeth, goose -geese,
foot -feet, mouse -mice, phenomenon-phenomena, analysis-analyses,
6 .專有名詞的“數”
史密斯一家人 the Smiths 兩個瑪麗 two Marys
7.非名詞類詞匯的“數”:
縮寫，數字，字母的復數常用加’s的方法來構成
three a’s; two but’s; in one’s twenties; in the 1980’s(1980s)
e.g 1) Nothing is in good order but at sixes and sevens. 亂七八糟
2)You mightn’t as well use so many and’s in your conversation.
9 固定結構中名詞的“數”
1) take pains 費勁做… 2) make arrangements 安排3)make preparations準備 4)keep on good terms with 和某人相處融洽5)be in high / low spirits精神高昂的 6)extend thanks to 表達謝意
7)by means of 通過…方式 8)give regards of 向某人問好 9) give respects to尊敬
II. 名詞所有格
英語中有些名詞可以加"'s"來表示所有關系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book。名詞所有格的規則如下：
1） 單數名詞詞尾加"'s"，復數名詞詞尾沒有s，也要加"'s"，如the boy's bag 男孩的書包，men's room 男廁所。
2） 若名詞已有復數詞尾-s ，只加" ' "，如：the workers' struggle 工人的斗爭。
3） 復合名詞和短語的所有格在最后的詞后面加’s, 如 her brother-in-law’s bike, someone else’s keys a day or two’s rest
4） 凡不能加"'s"的名詞，都可以用"名詞+of +名詞"的結構來表示所有關系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。
5) 分別格
如果兩個名詞并列，并且分別有's，則表示"分別有"；只有一個's，則表示'共有'。
John's and Mary's rooms（兩間） John and Mary's room（一間）
6) 省略格：
在表示店鋪或教堂,診所的名字或某人的家時，名詞所有格的后面常省略它所修飾的名詞，
在診所at the doctor”s 在我姐家at my sister’s
7)雙重格：
of +名詞’s 結構， 如 a friend of my father’s , works of Lu Xun’s
注意：當of 之前的名詞是picture, portrait等詞時含義不同
eg: This is a picture of my friend’s. 這是我朋友收藏的一幅畫
This is a picture of my friend. 這是我朋友的一張照片
III. 名詞的修飾語
1. 有些直接用名詞來修飾名詞
金戒指 gold ring; 物理實驗室 physics lab;
咖啡杯coffee cup; 油壺 oil pot;
蘋果籽 apple seeds；
2. 關于表示數量（許多）的修飾語（分類）：
A)a good many B)a good many of C) a number of D) numbers of E) a great deal of
F) a large amount of G) a large quantity of H) large quantities of I) a lot of
J) lots of K) more than one L) many a M)a few N)a little
（思考）1)_______________students _____________the students ___________student
2) _______________ news ______________wood
IV.名詞用法（比較）
1詞義辨析 2名詞的固定搭配 ★在特定語境中對名詞辨析能力的考查應當作復習備考的一個重點。
二）冠詞
I.不定冠詞（a/an）
1、基本用法：表泛指，
2、請注意以下一些特殊用法：
(1) 用于不可數的抽象名詞前；（見名詞）
(2) 用于某些物質名詞前；
a coffee 一杯咖啡; a tea 一杯茶;a heavy rain 一場大雨; a strong wind 一種強烈的信念
(3) 用于專有名詞前；
a Mr. Green ; a Mary： a Shakespeare of China 中國的莎士比亞
(4) 用于某些固定結構中：
once upon a time , have a rest , take a bath , in a hurry ,
all of a sudden , as a matter of fact , It’s a pity that… .
(5) 用于雙重修飾結構中：so / as / that / too / how + adj. + a / an + n.
(注意) George tries to be as ____ ____ ______(一位好老師) as possible
(6) 用于表最高級含義的句型: 否定意義的詞 + ．．．．．． + a /an +比較級；
（思考）：沒有人比我的童年過的更幸福。_______________________________
II. 定冠詞(the)
A)、基本用法：用于各類名詞前，表特指。
1、Where are the other students? Can you swim in the river?(比較：in a river)
2、the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the sky…(思考：a blue sky?…)
3、I have bought a book and a pen. The book is for my sister.
4、the second sentence, in the east (比較：east of…); A bird is flying through the air.
5、The horse is a useful animal. (比較：A horse is useful./ Horses are useful animals.)
6、the people, the Americans, the policeman, the public, ……
7、The rain is falling. The wind is blowing.
8、Shanghai is the London of China. the Venice of the East .
9、請通過下列句式結構體會the的特指用法：
We are living a happy life. The life we are living is happy.
They made rapid progress last term. The progress they made last term was rapid.
B)定冠詞在一些特殊結構中的用法：
1、in + the + 數詞復數式：in the early 1920s
2、the + 比較級 + …, the + 比較級 + …：; 越…; 就越…
3、the +姓氏復數：如the Greens, 格林一家
4、the + adj.; the + 分詞; the rich 富人; the living 生者;
5、by the + 單位名詞：如by the hour,
6、v. + sb. + prep. + the +人體各部位：caught me by the arm.. 抓住了我的手臂;
7.、play + the + 樂器名稱，如：play the piano.彈鋼琴.
8．用在慣用語中。例如：
in the day, in the morning （afternoon，evening）, the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday, the next morning, in the sky （water，field，country）
in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle （of）, in the end,
on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre
III、零冠詞：
1、零冠詞的基本用法：一般性的泛指，甚至表抽象意義。
2、復數可數名詞、不可數名詞前不用冠詞，表示泛指；
如：Horses are useful animals.
(思考： A horse is useful. / The horse is a useful animal)
3、稱呼語或表示頭銜的名詞前不用冠詞；
○1. We made him president of USA. ○2. Who’s this, Mother?
4、球類運動、棋類運動和“三餐”前不用冠詞；
如：Have you had supper?
5、表示季節、月份，星期或含day表節日的名詞前不用冠詞；
如：March, Christmas, Women’s Day … (但是：the Spring Festival ……)
6、前面已經有人稱代詞、指示代詞或不定代詞作定語的名詞前不用冠詞；
如：his book; that cat; any people……
7、by car, by bus, by bike, by train, on foot ……
(思考：take a taxi, take a bus, in the car…)
8、某些習語，固定短語或固定結構中不用冠詞。
○1 husband and wife, knife and fork, face to face, side by side ……
○2 to church, at home, at night, at school, go to school, in hospital, at table ……
(思考：to the church, go to the school, in the hospital, at the table…)
○3 Child as he is, he knows a lot of English.
(但是：A lovely girl she is, …….)
At last, she turned doctor. (但是：She became a doctor.)
三 典型例題分析
I.隨堂例題剖析：
1. He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his __________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.
A. temper B. appearance
C. talent D. character
2. Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his__________.
A. ability B. force
C. strength D. mind
3. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _______ all over the country.
A. companies B. branches
C. organizations D. businesses
4. My ________of this weekend’s activity is going out with some good friends.
A. idea B. opinion
C. mind D. thought
5. Niagara Falls is a great tourist _____________ drawing millions of visitors from all parts of the world every year.
A. interest B. view
C. scene D. attraction
6. How did you like the _________ of the interpreter at the Chinese FM press conference of 6-party talks on TV?
A. performance B. achievement
C. material D. words
7. - I’ll come and see you next Sunday.
- Is that a _________? Don’t disappoint me, I hope.
A. promise B. decision
C. request D. possibility
8. Before the final examination, many students have shown ________ of tension. Some have trouble in sleep while others have lost their appetite
A. anxiety B. marks
C. signs D. remarks
9. -How is Tom getting along with his new job?
-Perhaps he is very busy. __________ has come from him all the week.
A. A word B. No a word
C. No word D. No words
10. She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it is a_____.
A. business B. reward
C. pleasure D. favor
11. As a result of the heavy snow, the highway has been closed up until further__________.
A. news B. information
C. notice D. message
12. In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep __________ with the rapid changes of society.
A. step B. pace
C. progress D. touch
13. We’ll all have to bear it in __________ that self-confidence is the key point for a person’s success.
A. head B. mind
C. heart D. brain
14. You should take the medicine after you read the __________.
A. introduction B. words
C. instructions D. suggestions
15. John tried hard to find a job in the sales department, but he had no ________.
A. chance B. time
C. money D. luck
16. She took _______ to study the problem.
A. much pain B. a lot of pain
C. pain D. great pains
17. The assignment for Thursday is to write _________ composition about your hometown.
A. a five-hundred-words
B. a five-hundred-word
C. a five-hundreds-word
D. a five-hundred-words’
18. It’s _________for a child to read.
A. a too difficult book
B. rather a difficult book
C. quite a difficult book
D. too difficult a book
19. It’s _________ as the one we did last month.
A. as dangerous a job
B. as a dangerous job
C. so dangerous a job
D. such dangerous job
20. I called at ___________ three times the day before yesterday.
A. my teacher B. my teachers
C. my teacher‘s D. the teacher of mine
Answers: DCBAD AACCC BBBCD DBDAC
【經典回眸】
1. The two were like ___ teacher and ___ student though they were the same age.
A. /; the B. /; /
C. the; the D. a; a
2. Many people agree that ___ knowledge of English is a must in ___ international trade.
A. a; / B. the; a
C. the; the D. /; the
3. --Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning.
--Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. a; the B. the; the
C. the; a D. a; a
4. Paper money was in ___ use in China when Marco polo visited the country in ____ thirteen century.
A. the; / B. the; the
C. /; the D. /; /
5. Most animals have little connection with ___ animals of ____ different kind unless they kill them for food.
A. the; a B. /; a
C. the; the D. /; the
6. Jumping put of ___ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience.
A. /; the B. /; am
C. an; an D. the; the
7. The sigh reads “In case of ___ fire, break the glass and push ___ red button.”
A. /; a B. /; the
C. the; the D. a; a
8. When you come here for your holiday next time, don’t go to ___ hotel; I can find you ___ bed in my flat.
A. the; a B. the; /
C. a; the D. a; /
9. Alexander Graham Bell invented ___ telephone in 1876.
A. / B. a
C. the D. one
10. Wouldn’t it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another?
A. a, / B. the, /
C. a, the D. the, the
11. She is __ new comer to ___ chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.
A. the, the B. the, /
C. a, / D. a, the
12. Many people are still in ___ habit of writing silly thing in ____ public places.
A. the, the B. /, /
C. the, / D. /, the
13. It is not rare in ___ that people in ___ fifties are going to university for further education.
A. 90s, their B. the 90s,
C. 90’s, their D. the 90s, their
14. Four of Robert’s children were at the party, including ____, Luke.
A. the oldest B. an oldest one
C. the old D. an old one
15. From ___ serious look on his face, I knew that he brought ____ news of great importance
A the, a B / , /
C the, the D the, /
ANSWERS: BADCB CBACA DCDAD
【能力訓練】
1. Tom owns ___ larger collection of ___ books than any other student in our class.
A. the; 不填 B. a; 不填 C. a; the D. 不填; the
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off ____.
A. a price B. price C. the price D. prices
3. When we got into ____ trouble, ___ number of people came to help me.
A. the; the B. a; a C. /; a D. /; the
4. For a long time they walked without saying ____ word. Jim was the first to break ___ silence.
A. the; a B. a; the C. a; / D. the; /
5. Father often says to me “Be ____ honest boy today and ___ useful man tomorrow.”
A. a; a B. an; an C. a; an D. an; a
6. What ___ honest boy your son is and what ___ fun he is.
A. a; a B. a; / C. an; a D. an; /
7. When he left ___ college, he got a job as ___ reporter in a newspaper office.
A. 不填; a B.不填; the C. a; the D. the; the
8. ___ rich used to look down upon _____ poor.
A. The; 不填 B. The; the C. A; a D. A; the
9. -I’d like ___ information about the management of your hotel, please.
-Well, you could have ___ word with the manager. He might be helpful.
A. some; a B. an; some C. some; some D. an; a
10. They had to work from ___ morning till ____ night in order to pay off ___ debts.
A. the; the; the B. the; the; / C. /; /; the D. /; /; /
11. He was ___ medical student before he turned ___ engineer.
A. a; an B. the; the C. a; / D. /; an
12. Wouldn’t it be ___ wonderful world if all nations lived in ___ peace with one another?
A. a; / B. the; / C. a; the D. the; the
13. --Have you seen ___ Audi car I parked here?
--Is it ___ black one? A young man has driven a black away.
A. an, a B. the, the C. the, a D. an, the
14. ___ Shanghai you see today is quite ___ different city from what it used to be.
A. The, / B. /, the C. The, a D. A, a
ANSWERS: BCCCD DABAC CAAC
第二節 完形填空(共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36-55各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。
The professor's house, big and untidy, stood alone at one end of a huge garden. The place was totally uncared for, quite 36 and overgrown with all sorts of useless things. I 37 my way through bushes and tall weeds to the front door and rang the bell.
I was glad that I had found him. In twenty minutes he 38 me right on all the 39 that had puzzled me. I was on the 40 of leaving when I looked out of his study window and said,“You're very fond of gardening, I see.”
“No, I'm not,”he said.“ 41 , I love this garden, though. It's 42 I always wanted it to be. I never touch it at all.”
“It could be made lovely. It 43 a pity to let all this ground to go to waste. But perhaps you don't 44 that way?” said I.
“I don't. I lived here when I was a child, and I had 45 of gardening then. It was my father's hobby, you see. Unfortunately, he wasn't 46 enough to do it himself. My brother and I did all of it between us year after year. There was one right way and many wrong ways. Each blade (葉片) of grass was an enemy to be 47 by hand, not just cut off. I've spent a good part of life at work here.”
“I see. You took a dislike to it, and now you're getting even.”
“I disliked it. Then, of course, I didn't understand the 48 it had. It used to 49 me. It
appeared in my dreams-a mistake here, something not quite straight here, the enemy showing
its head in a place I was 50 to have cleaned. The work was too much. It seemed endless. The
size of the place was itself a fight to a boy.”“And now it's yours, you're just letting it go to...”
“ 51 ?” he said.“No, I don't agree with that. This garden and I are now the best friends. I like 52 it grow 53 its own way. I make no demands on it. I never disturb it, and it never disturbs me. It has 54 at last , and so have I.”
“But the path is overgrown. It's inconvenient for you, isn't it? ”
“That's part of my 55 ,”he laughed.“You can go out along the back way. The weeds are shorter there because they don't get the sun.”
36. A. wild B. crazy C. large D. nice
37. A. lost B. felt C. took D. made
38. A. let B. put C. taught D. explained
39. A. gardening B. plants C. problems D. solution
40. A. time B. point C. permission D. request
41. A. Even if B. So
C. As though D. Even so
42. A. as B. where C. why D. whether
43. A. seems B. is C. proves D. sounds
44. A. recognize B. sense C. see D. know
45. A. fond B. short C. free D. enough
46. A. interested B. fit C. content D. demanding
47. A. fought against B. cleared up
C. rooted out D. cut down
48. A. effect B. reason C. cause D. result
49. A. astonish B. shock
C. worry D. disappoint
50. A. thought B. supposed
C. ordered D. expected
51. A. Sell B. Develop
C. Grow D. Ruin
52. A. noticing B. attending
C. watering D. watching
53. A. on B. in C. with D. of
54. A. freedom B. time
C. sunlight D. space
55. A. life B. pleasure C. job D. research
第三部分: 閱讀理解
閱讀下面短文，從題后所給的A、B、C、D四個答案中選出最佳選項。
A
If his local swimming pool had not been destroyed by a hurricane and his mother had still been standing by him, Tim Duncan would have been a champion-making great splashes hit in the pools of the 1992 Olympic Games.
But the 26-year-old tasted success, not with gold medals from 400 metres freestyle, but on the basketball courts of NBA.
With a late start in basketball, Duncan may not be the most interesting player on the court. He doesn't scream with every block, nor does he throw elbows(胳膊肘)with every rebound. And his lack of show has often caused his competitors to underestimate(低估) the extent of his skills.
“He's a quiet killer who is skilled in all aspects(方面) of the game,” commented Seattle Supersonics Coach George Karl.
Duncan showed his ability the moment he stepped into NBA as the No. 1 pick in the 1997 draft(選秀).
He won the Rookie of the Year Award in 1998. And he soon signed a three-year contract(合同)with Spurs that was worth over US $ 10 million.
His presence on the team was a key factor in 1996-97 to 56 victories in 1997-98. His other honors include Most Valuable Player for 2001-02. Duncan's amazing progress comes from his continual devotion to improving himself in all aspects of his performance. “He is always keen to learn any small point that will improve his game," said Darry Howerton, a senior editor of a sports magazine in the US.
And Duncan never forgets his mother. In her honor, he and his wife created the Duncan Foundation in November, 2001. The organization raises health awareness(意識), researches and educates people about cancer. Duncan has also been very active with the Make-A-Wish Foundation and has taken part in numerous charity (慈善)efforts for children's organizations in San Antonio.
56. Duncan didn't make great hit in the 1992 Olympic Games because .
A. something bad happened to his family B. he was the oldest athlete
B. he was the oldest athlete
C. he didn't attend the game
D. he was not very skilled in swimming
57. George Karl's words mean that Duncan .
A. is looked down upon by others
B. doesn't like showing off but is a great threat to other players
C. is good at showing off in the field
D. is cruel when playing basketball
58. Duncan's success on the basketball courts .
A. develops as the coach expected
B. lies in his hard work
C. earns him more fames than other players
D. makes himself the best player on NBA
59. From the last paragraph we can learn Duncan is .
A. healthy
B. kind-hearted
C. learned
D. modest
B
Tourism, food, and transport will be the industries hardest hit by SARS, experts have warned.
The disease will have a decidedly negative effect on domestic spending, according to Qi Jinmei, a senior economist at the State Information Center.
Since the outbreak of the disease, more than 1,440 groups of tourist have postponed tours in Beijing alone, the local tourism bureau reports, In Hainan, the number of tourists received by major agencies fell by 6,300 in the first quarter of the year, the local statistic(統計)bureau says.
The central government has canceled the week-long May Day holiday, trying to stop the spread of the virus.
Spending during that holiday week, in recent years, has contributed a great deal of annual retail sales, Qi said.
What is worse, the disease has begun to have a negative impact(effect) on food purchases and other necessities.
“People are unwilling to leave their homes. If the disease is not controlled, nationwide retail sales are likely to drop 2 percentage points,” she said.
Zhang Liqun, a senior research fellow at the State Council Development Research Center, says SARS is likely to have an impact on retail sales, but is not expected to be so large. “Retail sales will drop by less than 1 percentage point, because the outbreak will be periodic and short-term,” he said.
He said that the experience in Guangdong Province seems to suggest that the SARS outbreak will last about three months. After that, people may spend more on goods to “make up” for the reduced spending. People are still buying daily necessities from chain stories.
“They have to eat, although they may not eat in restaurants,” Zhang said.
But clothing and shoe sales will be affected, because people will be less keen to indulge in window shopping.
60. The main idea of the 3rd paragraph is that .
A. SARS was serious, especially in Beijing and Hainan
B. Tourism in Beijing and Hainan was greatly affected
C. Tourism in places of interest was forbidden to develop after SARS broke out
D. Hainan suffered more than Beijing as a result of SARS
61.“They have to eat, although they may not eat in restaurants.” means .
A. People can't live without food, but they seldom go to restaurants
B. People used to eat in restaurants, but now they have to eat at home
C. People must pay attention to their health while eating in restaurants
D. People prefer to eat at home rather than in restaurants
62. The week-long May Day has been canceled because .
A. we can prevent the spread of SARS by doing so
B. it will do good to the control of the SARS spread
C. people consider more for their health
D. it may bring more harm than advantages
63. According to Zhang Liqun's opinions, .
A. SARS can be completely controlled in the first few months of the year
B. Retail sales will be less affected than expected
C. People will save their money after the control of SARS
D. SARS has already been well controlled in Guangdong
ANSWERS:
完形填空：36-40 ADBCB
41-45 DAACD
46-50 BCACB
51-55 DDBAB
閱讀理解：56-59 ABBBB
60-63 BABB