［學(xué)習(xí)過程］

一. 閱讀理解

閱讀理解：在中考中占的比重很大。閱讀理解能力屬于語言的領(lǐng)會技能。包括對書面語言的識別、理解、推理、判斷和快速記憶等幾個方面。不僅僅涉及到語音、語法、詞匯這些語言因素、還涉及到非語言因素，即：閱讀者對所學(xué)語言國家的社會和文化背景知識的掌握、對所讀材料內(nèi)容的熟悉、個人經(jīng)歷、生活常識、邏輯知識和語言修養(yǎng)等各方面。閱讀技巧之一是閱讀時要擴(kuò)大視距。二是不要心讀或朗讀；三是要理解段落或文章的細(xì)節(jié)。四是要學(xué)會猜測詞義，五要理解中心思想。六要具備合理推理和判斷的能力。

初中階段閱讀題重點考查的內(nèi)容是事實認(rèn)定、詞語理解、數(shù)量計算，主要思想歸納等。而從考查方式來看，則以直接型、轉(zhuǎn)換型和歸納型的試題為主，需要依據(jù)文章事實和作者思路進(jìn)行推理的題次之。

文章主旨和大意的考查。這類試題主要是考查對文章的理解程度，考查內(nèi)容包括作者的寫作目的，文章的中心思想等內(nèi)容。考生只有讀懂全文，才能選出正確答案。

細(xì)節(jié)和事實的考查。做此類試題一定要抓住事件發(fā)生的時間、地點、人物、發(fā)展過程和結(jié)局等環(huán)節(jié)，所選答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生義。

詞義或句義的考查。這些詞句往往具有深層意義，要透過表層意義來理解深層意義，或根據(jù)句子的語法關(guān)系分析其含義，要反復(fù)琢磨，仔細(xì)推敲，弄清作者的真正意圖，從而選擇正確答案。遇到生詞，要根據(jù)上下文和一定的構(gòu)詞法知識，如前綴、后綴來分析、判斷、猜測其詞形和含義。

結(jié)論或推論性考查。這類考題答案的選擇往往無所謂正確與錯誤之別，而是最佳與非最佳之別。因此，須讀懂通篇文章，弄懂作者的寫作要旨，按照文章的內(nèi)容和邏輯關(guān)系，做出符合原文邏輯或主旨的結(jié)論或推論，才能選出最佳答案。

擬選題目考查。一篇文章究竟應(yīng)加一個什么樣的題目為最佳，主要取決于文章的內(nèi)容，英語文章標(biāo)題的特點一般多以短語或簡單句為主。選擇標(biāo)題的一般標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是：一要切題，即能夠概括出全文的主旨；二要簡潔，即文字要簡單明了。

閱讀理解題型介紹：

1. 選擇答案型閱讀理解

2. 判斷正誤型閱讀理解

3. 完成句子型閱讀理解

4. 回答問題型閱讀理解

閱讀理解解題指導(dǎo)：

1. 客觀信息題

所謂“客觀信息”，是指在短文中客觀存在的事實，客觀信息的答案一般都可以在原文中找到。完成客觀信息題應(yīng)注意以下三點：

（1）辨認(rèn)事實，注意細(xì)節(jié)

（2）同義轉(zhuǎn)換，著重內(nèi)涵

（3）把握數(shù)據(jù)，注意推算

在有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)推算的試題中，根據(jù)短文所提供的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行必要的運(yùn)算時所涉及的數(shù)學(xué)知識一般都比較簡單，關(guān)鍵在于理解原文。

2. 主觀判斷題

一般來說，這類問題都不可能直接從原文中找到答案，必須根據(jù)原文提供的有關(guān)信息，進(jìn)行合理的推理和判斷才能回答。完成主觀判斷題能常應(yīng)注意以下四點：

（1）運(yùn)用常識，合理判斷

（2）根據(jù)情景，進(jìn)行猜測

（3）利用情景，舉一反三

（4）縱觀全文，概括大意

3. 細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題

文章的中心思想或主題是通過一系列的事實、細(xì)節(jié)來說明和支持的，要透徹地理解段落、文章的中心思想，就必須理解文章中的重要事實和細(xì)節(jié)。只有真正理解了全部細(xì)節(jié)，才能深刻地領(lǐng)悟大意，理解短文細(xì)節(jié)分下面三個步驟：

（1）首先找出文章或段落的中心思想。文章的中心思想主要體現(xiàn)在首句和尾句中，有時在文中的某一句話當(dāng)中。

（2）尋找重要的事實與細(xì)節(jié)，不是所有的事實和細(xì)節(jié)都重要，那些與中心思想有關(guān)的事實和細(xì)節(jié)才重要。

（3）檢查已確定的事實與細(xì)節(jié)，看它們是否支持中心思想。如果這些事實與細(xì)節(jié)不能支持中心思想，就說明原來所確定的中心思想不明確或者這些事實和細(xì)節(jié)沒有找準(zhǔn)。

屬于細(xì)節(jié)類的閱讀理解題一般只針對某個特定的細(xì)節(jié)，題型可以多種多樣，沒有固定模式。常見的設(shè)題方式有：

（1）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

（2）All the following statements are not true except.

（3）Which of the following facts is not mentioned in the supporing details?

4. 詞匯障礙題

在中考閱讀題中，考生遇到的最大障礙往往有兩個：一是被已認(rèn)識的單詞的某一熟知含義所誤導(dǎo)；二是被完全不認(rèn)識的單詞的意思所阻礙，從而出現(xiàn)理解偏差或理解困難，影響閱讀的速度。其實解決這兩個困難的一個重要法寶是考生在心目中樹立起上下文觀念，用上下文去確定詞匯的含義。在閱讀解題時要注意從以下七個方面著手：

（1）根據(jù)定義或解釋、說明猜測生詞的詞義

在be，be called，call等判斷詞出現(xiàn)的判斷句中，可以根據(jù)已知部分，猜測生詞的含義。例如：

A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter.

通過理解定語從句的意思，能猜出carpenter是“木匠”

（2）根據(jù)對比關(guān)系猜測生詞的詞義

在but，however，yet，otherwise，though這些表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞出現(xiàn)的句子中，其前后的詞有明顯的對比關(guān)系，根據(jù)已知的內(nèi)容，通過這種對比關(guān)系，就很容易猜出生詞的詞義了。例如：

Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.

和clean意思相對的便是“骯臟的”了，因此可猜出句中g(shù)rubby的意思是“骯臟的”

（3）通過因果關(guān)系猜測詞義

because, since與as是連接原因狀語從句的從屬連詞，so是連接表示結(jié)果的狀語從句的連詞，so...that與such...that中的that是連接結(jié)果狀語從句的。當(dāng)這些信息詞出現(xiàn)在有生詞的句子中，通過因果關(guān)系，依據(jù)已知部分就能猜出生詞的詞義。例如：

She wanted the bairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long.

根據(jù)because從句所講的意思，我們就可推測trim就是“修剪”之意

（4）根據(jù)生活常識猜測詞義

運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力，自身的生活經(jīng)驗及生活常識。再聯(lián)系上下文能讀懂的部分，可以正確猜出詞義。例如：

Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

根據(jù)句子意思及生活經(jīng)驗，wither表示“枯萎”

（5）根據(jù)同等關(guān)系猜測詞義

同等關(guān)系，指的是一個詞，一組詞或短語在句中作同一成分，而且它們的詞義都屬于同一范疇。明顯的標(biāo)志是，這樣的詞組或短語中間常常用并列連詞and或or來連接。例如：

At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy.

從“年齡42歲”以及與prime具有同等關(guān)系的full of energy可以猜出prime的意思是“盛年時期”。

（6）根據(jù)列舉的事例猜測詞義

You can take any of the periodicals: “The World of English”.“Foreign Language Teaching in Schools”, or “English Learning”.

從后面列舉的例子中，可以猜出periodical是“期刊，雜志”的意思。

（7）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法知識猜測詞義

根據(jù)學(xué)過的構(gòu)詞法知識，知道詞根和前綴或后綴的意義，就可猜出由它們組成的新詞詞義。例如：

The colors of Hawaii in Summer are unforgettable.

利用構(gòu)詞法常識和我們已熟悉的詞forget，我們可以知道unforgettable就是“令人難忘的”意思。

閱讀理解解題步驟：

1. 瀏覽全文，捕捉信息。要求考生通過瀏覽全文，掌握其大意了解作者的觀點和寫作意圖。

2. 細(xì)讀思考題，分析信息。通讀（瀏覽全文）短文后，已對文章或段落大意有所了解再讀考題，對要捕捉的信息進(jìn)行分析、推理，這樣便可先解答與主題思想有關(guān)的問題。

3. 復(fù)讀全文，抓住細(xì)節(jié)。帶著問題去復(fù)讀，可縮小復(fù)讀的范圍，更便于捕捉關(guān)鍵的信息。復(fù)讀時可邊讀邊用鉛筆做些標(biāo)記，把有關(guān)的人物、事件、時間、地點、起因（即5W：who, what, when, where, why）劃出來。例如：凡逢人物就圈起來，看完一遍，有幾個圈就是幾個人，一目了然。經(jīng)過這樣的處理，你對文章的內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)便清楚了，對其中矛盾的產(chǎn)生、發(fā)展和解決心里就會有底了。

另外，在復(fù)讀全文時，還應(yīng)特別注意首段或每一自然段的首句，以及結(jié)尾句。因為短文的首句和首段往往是作者要說明的對象或事件的起因；作者闡述自己的觀點或事件發(fā)生的時間、地點與人物的聯(lián)系。結(jié)尾句、段是事件的結(jié)論或作者表達(dá)的態(tài)度、意圖、目的等。這樣一來便容易抓住中心，為準(zhǔn)確、快速地解題打下良好的基礎(chǔ)。

4. 解答問題，選定答案。對那些明顯的，有把握的題可以斷然圈定。遇到不會做的問題可暫時不做，把每個問題閱讀完畢，等會做的題已做完，然后再回頭做剩下的題目。在做題時，如果遇到困難，再重新查閱。這次重讀，要針對問題的要求，抓住重點，一次求得正確答案。

5. 再讀全文，核對答案。這是最后一步，也是重要的一步，不能疏忽。這一步驟要用全文的主題思想統(tǒng)率各考題，把我們在閱讀和答題時所得到的信息歸納整理一遍后重新再讀一遍短文檢查答案，看是否前后一致；意義和語言知識是否和原文相符；是否符合邏輯等。發(fā)現(xiàn)前后矛盾、遺漏要點等錯誤，要立即糾正。

要注意的是，改正原來選定的答案，一定要慎之又慎。一定要有充分的理由，才可改前答案。

閱讀理解解題技巧分析

一. 事實詢問題

此類題型的問題以what、who、which、when、where、how或why等詞引導(dǎo)，就文中某句、某段或某一具體細(xì)節(jié)設(shè)問并要求考生回答：如：

The Internet can show you a lot of jobs all over the world. If you want to find a job on the Internet, use the words “job search”or“employment”to find the websites you need.

（ ）What does the passage tell you to do first if you want to find a job on the Internet?

A. To type in “job search”to find the websites.

B. To write a good resume.

C. To prepare for an interview

D. To get an English dictionary

這是一道典型的事實詢問題，因為它的答案可以直接從文段中找到。根據(jù)第二句話，可以得知A為正確答案。

解這類題的主要方法是：1. 明確題意。2. 尋找答案來源。3. 找準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵詞。4. 反復(fù)閱讀。

二. 推理判斷題

既要求學(xué)生透過文章表面文字信息推測文章隱含意思，又要求學(xué)生對作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷，力求從作者的角度去考慮，不要固守自己的看法或觀點。這類試題常以如下句式發(fā)問：

What can you conclude（下結(jié)論）from this passage?

What’s the author’s attitude（態(tài)度）towards...?

We can infer from the passage that...

Which statement is ( not ) true?

做這類題要求考生在閱讀同時，抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義。其次，對于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)理解，抓住實質(zhì)性的東西。如：

Once there was something wrong with a machine in a factory. The workers could do nothing but turn to a German engineer for help, who drew a line on it and said, “Take off the part where the line is and change it for a new one.”The machine, with a new line on, began running well again. The engineer then asked for $ 30,000 for what he had done. The following were what he wrote on a bill, “The new part only costs one dollar, and knowing where the problem with the machine is costs $ 29,999.”

（ ）What can you conclude from this passage?

A. the engineer asked for too much money

B. the workers should pay the money

C. the knowledge is worth money

D. the new part could cost more

這篇短文是作者講的一個故事，那么通過這個故事我們可以判斷出什么呢？雖然作者沒有言明，但是我們可以斷定，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的所在需要智慧和知識，知識是創(chuàng)造價值的源泉，因此此題的正確答案應(yīng)為C。

三. 數(shù)據(jù)推算題

此題要求學(xué)生就文章提供的數(shù)據(jù)，以及數(shù)據(jù)與文中其他信息的關(guān)系做簡單計算和推斷。

Visit Swansea Zoo

Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and the monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.

Tickets Opening time

Grown-ups: $ 3 9:00 am ––– 4:00 pm

Children: Over 12:$2 except Friday

Under 12: Free 10:00 am –– 3:00 pm

（ ）1. How much does Mr Smith have to pay if he visits the zoo with his sons of fourteen and ten?

A. $2.00 b. $5.00 C. $4.00 D. $3.00

（ ）2. Which of the following is the visiting time?

A. 8:30 am, Wed B. 9:30 am, Fri

C. 3:00 pm, Sun D. 4:00 pm, Tue

做此類題一要抓住有關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，二要從眾多的信息中找出那些有用的信息，三要抓住一些關(guān)鍵詞。實際上，上述兩題都可看作數(shù)據(jù)推算題，一題是算錢，另一題是算時間。

通過閱讀我們發(fā)現(xiàn)布告中的所有數(shù)據(jù)都是有用的，那么關(guān)鍵詞是：grown-ups, children, over 12, under 12, opening time, except Friday。第一題中Mr Smith是成人，須買3塊錢的門票，他一個14歲的兒子需買2塊錢的門票，另一個不滿12歲的兒子可免票，所以Mr Smith先生需花5塊錢，B是正確答案。第二題C是正確答案。

四. 主旨大意題

此類題型用以考查學(xué)生對文章主題或中心思想的領(lǐng)會和理解。如：

What does the passage mainly talk about?

What is the main idea of this passage?

What does the writer want to tell us?

What is the best title of this passage?

每一篇文章都有它的主題句，而每一個段落也各有主題句，它一般都用來表示一篇文章或一個段落的主旨大意。因此，找出文章和各段落的主題句（往往為第一句或最后一句）是解題的關(guān)鍵。抓住了主題句，文章的最佳標(biāo)題也就不難確定了。如：推理判斷題哪一節(jié)中的例文我們給它起個什么標(biāo)題好呢？我們在它后面再加上一段話：

One dollar for changing a new part sounds reasonable（合理的）, but the $ 29,999 is exactly the value of wisdom and knowledge.

（ ）The best title for the passage should be ________ .

A. The Value of Knowledge

B. Helpless Workers

C. The Expensive Machine

D. The Lucky Factory

文中的最后一句是整篇文章的主題句，也就是文章的標(biāo)題，即：The Value of Knowledge“知識的價值”，A為正確答案。

五. 經(jīng)驗常識題

此類題主要是考查中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的多項綜合知識，包括：社會、天文、史地、科普及生活常識等。此類題往往與文章沒有直接關(guān)系，學(xué)生只能憑自己的常識進(jìn)行判斷，然后做出符合規(guī)律的正確選擇。如：

（ ）We can guess when a giraffe sees a tiger ______ .

A. it will run away as fast as possible

B. it will run to eat the tiger

C. it will make the tiger bring it something to eat

D. it will make one of the smallest animals bring the tiger something to eat

這就是一道考查常識的題，長頸鹿看到老虎當(dāng)然是盡快跑開，故A是正確答案。

六. 任務(wù)型閱讀

任務(wù)型閱讀是近幾年隨著任務(wù)型教學(xué)出現(xiàn)的新題型，它往往集中了上面所述的幾種題，以看圖或閱讀文章填表，填空等形式出現(xiàn)。要求考生通過閱讀完成所給任務(wù)。考查學(xué)生對圖表或文章的理解程度以及表達(dá)自己觀點的能力。請看下例：根據(jù)題目要求完成任務(wù)。（2004，北京海淀）

假如你正在為一些中國學(xué)生做導(dǎo)游，參觀，游覽英國倫敦的一個公園。請你根據(jù)下面公園的示意圖，為他們說明a、b、c、d四項公園規(guī)則。（請寫關(guān)鍵信息，句式不限。）

例：No recorders, please.

62. Sign a: ________________________

Sign b: ___________________________

63. Sign c :_________________________

Sign d: ____________________________

這道題讓考生辨認(rèn)圖標(biāo)，是一道常識和識圖解意相結(jié)合的題，同時也是讀寫結(jié)合題。通過考生所寫文字判斷他對圖的認(rèn)識程度和根據(jù)語言功能造句的能力。本題答案如下：

Sina a: Don’t play football here!

Sign b: No bikes here!

Sign c: Don’t throw bottles into the lake

Sign d: No swimming!

近年來，閱讀理解在中考英語試題中的比分越來越大，不少省份的閱讀理解占到了總分的30％，閱讀量一般都升至四篇，難度在不斷加深，題型也在不斷翻新。中考閱讀理解短文的題材廣泛，包括：政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文學(xué)、史地、社會生活、科普知識、人物傳記等。體裁以敘述文、議論文、說明文、應(yīng)用文為主。敘述文描述人或事及相關(guān)情景的發(fā)生和發(fā)展經(jīng)過。說明文是對事物現(xiàn)象的說明或解釋。議論文論證某一觀點是否正確，由論點、論據(jù)與論證構(gòu)成。應(yīng)用文以廣告為主。中考閱讀理解題主要考查考生對單詞、詞組、語法、句型、慣用法的綜合運(yùn)用及其英語思維的能力。其文段長度一般為200－300單詞，生詞率不超過3％，要求考生閱讀速度為每分鐘50－70個詞。

二. 完形填空

完形填空是關(guān)于語言總體理解的一種測試形式，是典型的“智能混合”題型，它融單項選擇與閱讀理解為一體，涉及到詞匯、語法、邏輯推理等各種知識。對于這類題目，要求學(xué)生知識面要廣，要有比較扎實的基本功；要掌握大量的單詞、詞組和習(xí)語，了解他們的各種變化形式和用法；要有堅實的語法基礎(chǔ)，熟練掌握和運(yùn)用動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)及句子結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。除此之外，還要有較強(qiáng)的語感，能夠根據(jù)上下文的語境進(jìn)行猜測，推斷，作出正確的選擇。其考查點有：

能夠掌握足夠的詞匯量，正確運(yùn)用詞類和詞語的習(xí)慣搭配。包括名詞、代詞、冠詞、動詞等詞類和短語。

基礎(chǔ)語法知識。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、詞語習(xí)慣用法、時態(tài)、語態(tài)、主從復(fù)合句和非限定動詞等。

還應(yīng)具有一定的語言運(yùn)用能力、閱讀能力、理解能力、綜合分析能力和邏輯判斷能力。

（1）以語篇為載體，測試語言知識和語言能力。試題既考查學(xué)生對短文的整體理解能力，也考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用語法知識、詞匯知識的能力以及對事物的邏輯推理、分析判斷能力。

（2）以意義填空為主。試題在著重考查考生閱讀理解能力的前提下，兼顧對語言知識、常識、邏輯推理能力的考查。

（3）降低對單詞本身詞義的考查要求，注重考查對全文意義的理解。中考完形填空預(yù)備選項中所涉及的詞匯基本上都是常見的初級詞匯。

（4）考點分布符合考查目的。試題以名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等信息詞匯為考查重點，淡化對介詞、連詞、冠詞等結(jié)構(gòu)詞的考查，以檢測學(xué)生在具體情境中靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識的能力。所設(shè)空白處，名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞和代詞這五類詞共占80％。

（5）有的采用主觀試題形式。有些完形填空題全部舍棄了學(xué)生們平時接觸較多的“四選一”形式，而改之以“自由完形填空”形式，除了要求填入單詞外，有的還設(shè)置了要求填入詞組或短語的空格。

（一）題型介紹

完形填空是各類英語試題中固定而重要的題型。這種題型歸納起來有如下特點：

1. 在整份試卷中所占的分值較重，占10－15分，長度一般在130－200個單詞左右。

2. 降低了對單詞本身的考查要求，重點考查考生對短文的整體理解，上下文的段落銜接，理解分析及推理判斷能力。

3. 針對初中學(xué)生的實際水平，一般采用以故事為主的記敘文，盡量避免專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的文章或議論文體。近年來出現(xiàn)了以意義選擇為主，語法選擇逐漸減少的趨勢。

完形填空有多種形式，但它在基本設(shè)計原則上都是一致的。形式都是從短文中抽去若干詞，讓考生根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，為了有助于考生填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，可以提供四個答案（其中包括一個正確答案），讓考生選出正確的答案；也可以給出單詞首字母進(jìn)行完形填空，或者給出字母及單詞長度（由幾個字母組成）；也可以不給考生提供任何線索，完全憑借考生對文章的理解和現(xiàn)有的語言能力完成。

完形填空要求學(xué)生不僅要會運(yùn)用自己學(xué)過的詞匯和語法知識妥善地處理好每個單詞，理解句意，還要處理好單句之間以及單句與全文之間的內(nèi)在關(guān)系，選出適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使文章完整與通順。

完形填空題要求填入的詞主要有：構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)和用法區(qū)別的動詞及短語動詞；名詞和介詞；根據(jù)上下文意思及結(jié)構(gòu)必須填入的形容詞、副詞、代詞和連詞；同義詞、近義詞等易混詞。考查以實詞為主，兼顧虛詞和語法結(jié)構(gòu)、難點主要集中在根據(jù)上下文正確判斷詞的用法上。

1. 選擇型完形填空

2. 短文缺詞填空

（二）解題指導(dǎo)

1. 選擇型完形填空解題方法

完形填空對考生的能力要求比較高。要順利解答這類考題，必須要有扎實的語言基礎(chǔ)知識和綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)英語知識的能力以及一定的分析、推理判斷能力。還應(yīng)熟悉各種體裁、題材的文章，具有一定的語感和快速閱讀能力。

完整填空：一般在文中的第一句和最后一句不會挖空。主要涉及到動詞、名詞（含代詞）、形容詞、副詞、介詞、連詞也常出現(xiàn)。做完形填空題要注意整體性原則，強(qiáng)調(diào)對文章整體的理解。就內(nèi)容而言，它又有前因后果、地點、時間、人物等要素。所以，第一步應(yīng)通讀全文，了解大意。其次注意詞與詞、句與句、主句與分句之間的連貫性與銜接性。因此，在做題時必須始終注意上下文之間，詞與詞之間從意義到語法上的合理搭配。誠然，弄懂第一句和最后一句也事關(guān)全局。與此同時，還不可忽略文中的過渡詞。

在解題時可按以下步驟和方法進(jìn)行。

（1）通讀全文，了解大意。

通讀全文時，跳過空格快速閱讀，弄清文章的基本含義。先快速閱讀全文，可使我們對文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)和中心思想有個基本的了解。有利于進(jìn)一步把握全文所講內(nèi)容，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，時態(tài)語態(tài)的變化，為后面的答題創(chuàng)造條件，但通讀宜粗、直、快。切忌看一句做一句，看一空填一空，斷章取意，那會進(jìn)入誤區(qū)，即使所填答案符合本句要求，也未必符合全文的要求。通讀的目的僅在于掌握大意，切不可把寶貴的時間浪費在個別字句的推敲上。

（2）重視首句的開篇啟示作用

完形填空所采用的短文一般不給標(biāo)題，但短文的首句通常用以點明短文的性質(zhì)，如敘事、議論等，這是我們探索短文全貌的“窗口”，可以以首句的時態(tài)、語態(tài)為立足點進(jìn)行思考，判斷文章的體裁，推測全文的大意及主題，所以應(yīng)該重視首句的啟示作用。

（3）抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)上下文解題

解題時，要遵循忠于全文大意和主題這一原則，聯(lián)系上下文展開邏輯推理分析，要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的關(guān)鍵詞，了解所提問題的特定語境，語篇中的內(nèi)在關(guān)系。

在解題過程中，應(yīng)遵循“先易后難”的原則，遇到個別難題不易判斷時，可先跳過去，去解決那些靠上下文能確定的，比較直接明確的問題，隨著下文的展開和文章的深入，或許在前面難以判斷的題，下文就有暗示，甚至有明確的表示。因此，在選擇答案時，應(yīng)特別注意聯(lián)系前后句，充分利用上下文為確定答案提供有用信息。

（4）重讀全文，驗證答案

在全部空格補(bǔ)全以后，一定要根據(jù)填好的答案重讀全文，看文章是否流暢，前后是否矛盾，語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否無誤。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)哪些地方讀起來不流暢，那就說明那里有毛病，就要進(jìn)行仔細(xì)推敲，驗證。

總之，解答完形填空題，不僅需要扎實的語言基本功與嚴(yán)密的邏輯推理能力，還需要加強(qiáng)閱讀訓(xùn)練，掌握正確的解題方法和技巧，只有這樣，才能在考試時得心應(yīng)手，考出好成績。

2. 短文缺詞填空解題步驟

短文缺詞填空是要求學(xué)生在正確理解和把握文章意思的基礎(chǔ)上通過分析行文線索來填寫空缺單詞的一種考查形式，它是考查學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用英語思維能力的一種有效方法。要完成好這類題，做到事半功倍，需要掌握一定的方法與技巧。

（1）從全局把握文章大意

要填的單詞肯定是在一定的語言環(huán)境中才能確定，只有把握全局才能有主導(dǎo)方向，才能有助于正確理解空缺詞所在的句子，從而縮小詞意的選擇范圍。

（2）從語法上加以把握

一般的空缺詞都可以通過其所在的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和句法成分來判斷其詞性，這樣可以縮小詞的選擇范圍。

（3）從行文上確定詞的形式

當(dāng)確定一個單詞的詞性后可通過其上下文來幫助判斷其形式，如動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，過去式、過去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、代詞的各種所有格及單復(fù)數(shù)，形容詞的比較級與最高級等。

（4）通讀全文，驗證答案。

填完所有單詞后，不可孤立地逐個詞檢查，而必須將所有填入的詞代入文章中，復(fù)讀全文，仔細(xì)檢查所填詞是否符合文章的情景內(nèi)容，讀起來是否流暢，合乎句法，單詞拼寫是否有誤，單詞形式是否正確等，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題及時更正。通過再讀全文，很可能利用語感將個別特別難的空處順口“讀”出來。

【模擬試題】（答題時間：120分鐘）

閱讀理解練習(xí)：

（一）

Hi, Louis!

I’m writing to tell you something about the customs and festivals.

Everyone loves holidays since one doesn’t need to go to school or work. Although all holidays mean no school and work, but not all of them are the same. On some of them you go out with friends; on others you stay home to eat, talk, and have fun with your family. For example in the U.S., everyone thinks New Year’s Eve and New Year are both for partying with friends. Christmas is the time to stay home and exchange gifts with family members. The opposite is true in Japan though. For example, in Japan, New Year is for spending time with the family to eat, talk, have fun, and go to the temples. But Christmas is for boy and girl friends to go out and exchange gifts. Originally Christmas should be to celebrate the birth of Christ.

I have been interested in foreign customs since I was little. If you learn these different holiday customs, you will learn about different histories and cultures. This is much more interesting than learning them at the library from morning to evening.

Love,

Sue

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。正確的用“T”表示，錯誤的用“F”表示。

1. Usually, nobody goes to school or works during holidays.

2. Christmas is the time to stay home to eat, talk and have fun with the family.

3. All the countries have the same way to celebrate the holidays.

4. Being interested in foreign customs means being interested in different histories and cultures.

5. This passage is about the customs and holidays in Japan.

（二）

Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.

Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish a “school”. They don’t study, but they travel together.

Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say “welcome”when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.

They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.

Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium（水族館）. People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don’t like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely（孤獨的）.

There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphin meat is good, but people don’t like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.

1. Dolphins show their feelings with ___________ .

A. pictures B. words C. water D. sounds

2. People can’t hear the dolphin’s sounds because ________ .

A. they are above the water

B. they are under the water

C. they are very high

D. they are very low

3. Which one is true according to the passage?

A. Dolphins swim together in a school because they want to study

B. They don’t study, but they travel in a group

C. Dolphins like to be away from their school on an island.

D. Dolphins like to kill people

（三）

1. You are 26 years old and want to be a teacher. You should apply to ________ .

A. Capes Taxi, 17 Palace Road, Roston

B. Recruitment Office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West, HR 37KK

C. the Director of Studies, Instant Languages Ltd., 279 Canal Street. Roston.

D. a private language school.

2. What stops Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxis.

A. Fond of beer and wine.

B. Punished（處罰）for driving too fast and wrong parking.

C. Unable to speak a foreign language.

D. Not having college education.

3. Ben, aged 22, fond of swimming and driving, has just finished college. Which job might be given to him?

A. Driving for Capes Taxi

B. Working for Southern Airlines

C. Teaching at Instant Languages Ltd.

D. Working for Northern Airlines.

4. What prevents（阻止）Mary, aged 25, from becoming an air hostess

A. She once broke a traffic law and was fined

B. She can’t speak Japanese very well.

C. She has never worked as an air hostess before

D. She doesn’t feel like working long hours flying abroad.

5. Which of the following is NOT talked about in the three advertisements?

A. Whether he or she is married

B. Whether they are men or women

C. Their education

D. The ages

（四）

All my friends at school smoked. My dad smoked; he didn’t want me to smoke but my friends kept saying I was stupid. They asked when I was going to grow up. So I started when I was sixteen and after a month I couldn’t stop. But two years later I could feel what smoking was doing to me. I couldn’t run far, and I coughed every morning. I got very ill and decided to stop. It wasn’t easy, but now I’ve done it, and I feel better. Now I have money for other things.

If you smoke, you are twice as likely to die from a heart attack. And the more you smoke, the earlier the heart attack is likely to be. For example, a 50-year-old who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day, is four times more likely to have heart disease than a non-smoker of the same age.

What does smoking do to the heart? First of all, it makes the heart beat faster and increases the blood pressure. The cigarette smoke also reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood. Consequently, the heart has to work harder, with less oxygen. Finally, your arteries will narrow faster if you smoke.

So if you want to reduce your chances of getting heart disease, the answer is easy –– not to smoke. Don’t copy your friends and other people who smoke. If you smoke, find out how to stop. Stopping isn’t easy, but you’ll be healthier, and ....

1. Who is more likely to have heart disease?

A. A smoker

B. A non-smoker

C. A 50-year-old person

2. What does the writer think of smoking?

A. It is good for his health

B. Smoking is bad for him

C. Is it neither good nor bad for his heath

3. What happens after the writer stopped smoking?

A. He becomes rich

B. He has more friends

C. He becomes healthier and has money to do other things.

（五）

New York is one of the most exciting cities in the world.

You might want to do some shopping in New York. Fifth Avenue is probably New York’s most famous shopping street, but if you go, be prepared to “window shop”only. This is shopping for the rich. There are other, less expensive shopping areas nearby, and you’ll soon come across famous stores such as Bloomingdales, Macy’s and FAO Schwartz.

And if you’ve brought your rollerblades, then a visit to Central Park is a must. This is a large, open park right in the middle of Manhattan, but if you thought that people came here to relax, sit down for a few minutes and get away from the rush of New York life, then you’d be wrong. Nobody sits in Central Park: they run, jog（慢跑）, and most of all they rollerblade.

When you leave New York, you might be tired, even poor and overweight, but the one thing you won’t be is bored!

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問題。

1. Why would you probably only “window shop”in Fifth Avenue?

_____________________________________________________________

2. What do some waiters and waitresses in New York wear on their feet?

_____________________________________________________________

3. What don’t people do in Central Park?

_____________________________________________________________

（六）

In the USA, there are many types of restaurants. Fast food restaurants are very famous. You can find McDonald’s and Kentucky Fried Chicken in many countries around the world. You look at a menu above the counter, and say what you’d like to eat. You pay the person who serves you. You take your food and sit down or take it away. There’s no need to leave a tip.

In a coffee shop you sit at the counter or at a table. You don’t wait for the waitress to show you where to sit. She usually brings you coffee when you sit down. You tell her what you’d like to eat and she brings it to you. You pay the cashier as you leave. A diner is like a coffee shop but usually looks like a railway carriage.

In a family restaurant the atmosphere is casual, but the waitress shows you where to sit. Often the waitress tells you her name, but you don’t need to tell her yours. If you don’t eat everything, your waitress gives you a doggy bag to take your food home. You add an extra fifteen percent to the bill as a tip.

In top class restaurants, you need a reservation and you need to arrive on time. The waiter shows you where to sit. If you have wine, he may ask you to taste it. You can only refuse it if it tastes bad, not if you don’t like it. When you get your bill, check it and then add fifteen to twenty percent to it as a tip for the waiter.

1. counter柜臺 2. tip小費

3. carriage火車車廂 4. casual隨意的

5. percent百分之…… 6. reservation預(yù)定

7. refuse拒絕

1. There are ______ types of restaurants here.

A. three B. four C. five D. six

2. We should sit ______ in a coffee shop.

A. near the door B. in the corner

C. at a counter D. on the floor

3. In what kind of restaurant does the waitress often tell you her name?

A. In a top class restaurant B. In a fast food restaurant

C. In a coffee shop D. In a family restaurant

4. How much do you need to tip in a top class restaurant?

A. Ten percent B. Fifteen percent

C. Thirty percent D. Forty percent

（七）

If you ask Daniel Radcliffe who acted Harry Potter to pick a special moment from the last year of his life, you will find it almost impossible. “Oh, wow, that’s really difficult,” he says with a smile.

“There have been so many things, so many memories that at times it’s hard to recall them all,” says Daniel. “But I guess one of the best ones was the London premiere for Tbe Pbilosopber’s Stone. It was just amazing, one of the best nights of my life.”

“But I’ve had such a great time doing Tbe Cbamber of Secrets. I love doing the work. I love meeting new people and being part of the team. It’s been great.”

Daniel has changed. He turned 14 in July, 2002. He is taller, his voice is deeper and his frame is filling out as he begins his teenage years, and he has become an excellent actor, too.

Daniel was born in London where his father, Alan, worked as an agent and his mother, Marcia, as a casting director, and both have been an essential guiding influence on their only child.

1. impossible不可能的 2. recall回憶

3. premiere首映 4. amazing令人驚異的

5. the Chamber of Secrets《密室》 6. agent經(jīng)紀(jì)人

7. casting director負(fù)責(zé)物色演員的人 8. essential極為重要的

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，判斷正誤。正確的用“T”表示，錯誤的用“F”表示

1. Daniel Radcliff is fifteen years old in 2003.

2. Daniel didn’t have many special moments in 2002.

3. One of his best memories was the London premiere for 7 Pbilosopber’s Stone.

4. Daniel likes making friends.

5. Daniel’s father is an agent in America.

完形填空練習(xí)：

（一）

Have you ever talked with friends in class? Putin did the 1 . He would secretly tell others what to say when the teacher was asking them for a(n) 2 .

It seemed that young Putin was not good at 3 things. He sometimes forgot to finish his maths homework. Once he forgot to wear school uniform（校服）. His teacher had to ask him to 4 the classroom. But young Putin did very well in the moral class（品德課）. He 5 got full marks.

He also showed a strong love of his motherland at an early age.

1. A. some B. same C. so D. it

2. A. question B. problem C. answer D. sentence

3. A. forgetting B. learning C. making D. remembering

4. A. get into B. get off C. get on D. get out of

5. A. always B. never C. sometimes D. seldom

（二）

We are going to take a test today. It will show if we are 1 to get in an honours class next year. But, I don’t think it is 2 for me. It is the maths part –– my favourite.

We take the test by computer. There 3 52 questions for us to do in one hour.

The boy behind me 4 nervous. The girl to my left was nervous, 5 . But 6 I began answering the questions, I saw the whole thing 7 a game. I tried to 8 easy ways to do the maths problems. At the end of the test, my score was 307. but what does it mean? I have no idea. I asked my friend John. He got 227. When he knew my score, he said. “Oh my God. You’re a genius!” So, I asked 9 people, and got the same answers. Finally, I walked up to Lauren.

“David! How did you do on the MAP test?”I answered, “If I 10 you, will you kill me?”

1. A. enough smart B. too smart C. smart enough D. very smart

2. A. hard B. easy C. different D. interesting

3. A. was B. had C. were D. have

4. A. was looking B. looked C. looks D. was looked

5. A. either B. also C. yet D. too

6. A. when B. after C. before D. while

7. A. for B. like C. to D. as

8. A. look B. find out C. find D. search

9. A. other B. another C. the other D. others

10. A. told B. am telling C. will tell D. tell

（三）

Two days ago I was quite sure of getting an “A”for my Spanish. I had got myself 1 . I looked for 2 on the Internet for a week. I wrote a 3 and I even drew a few pictures of Spain. I practiced the speech a lot.

On the day of my speech, I didn’t get nervous or forget 4 I was going to say. However, everybody has one thing they are 5 at. Some people are bad at drawing pictures. 6 are bad at typing. My problem is that my stories about Spanish history sounded boring.

After giving my speech and showing my pictures I 7 I was going to get a bad grade.

Big projects are very difficult for me to finish. They 8 a lot of time, and I always 9 the day it has to be finished and the grade I’ll get .

Anyway, I ended up getting an “A-”. The teacher said I 10 all my classmates listen - I was talking very loudly!

1. A. ready B. excited C. interested D. worried

2. A. news B. information C. dictionaries D. papers

3. A. book B. story C. speech D. joke

4. A. who B. where C. when D. what

5. A. good B. bad C. interesting D. glad

6. A. The other B. Another C. Others D. Other

7. A. thought B. though C. taught D. brought

8. A. cost B. spend C. pay D. take

9. A. worry about B. think about C. tell about D. know about

10. A. make B. made C. am making D. has made

（四）

David is a middle school student. He lived in a small 1 for fifteen years. His father, Mr Hill, was a rich farmer and later on he 2 a shop in our town. He bought a house here last month. His 3 moved to the new house and his son began to study in our class. But he had 4 friends here. At first he often played by 5 .

His neighbour Cathy is a kind girl. She has many friends. She finds the boy never talks with anybody and decides to help him. David 6 to stay with her and talks to her a lot. Now they’re good friends.

One afternoon, Cathy told David. “It’ll be my sixteenth birthday tomorrow. I’ll have a birthday party. Will you please come?”

“ 7 . I’m glad to,” the boy said happily.

David got home and thought of a 8 he could give to Cathy. He was sorry that he 9 to ask the girl what she liked. He couldn’t call her because he didn’t know her telephone 10 . At that moment Mrs Hill came and asked, “What’s the matter, dear?”

“What would you like if it was your sixteenth birthday, Mummy?”

“Nothing,”the woman said, “I just with I were 16.”

1. A. town B. city C. village D. country

2. A. open B. opens C. opened D. opening

3. A. home B. house C. building D. family

4. A. a few B. few C. a little D. little

5. A. himself B. him C. his D. he

6. A. enjoy B. enjoys C. like D. likes

7. A. Well B. Oh C. Mm D. Certainly

8. A. prize B. praise C. present D. price

9. A. forgot B. forget C. remember D. remembered

10. A. code（密碼） B. number C. place D. address

（五）

The world 1 many interesting sounds. Some are unpleasant to our ears while 2 are very pleasant to hear. In single day you probably hear 3 sounds. All sounds are different. Some 4 loud, some sounds are high, others are low, some sounds are useful.

5 sound we can’t talk or listen to each other. The ringing of the alarm clock wakes people up. The hooting（鳴笛聲）of a car warns people of danger.

Some sounds are harmful. When planes fly low 6 the land; the very loud sounds can damage the house. Very loud sound can even make people deaf.

We know sound travels about one kilometer in three 7 . In a thunder storm you see the lighting first and then hear the thunder. This is because light travels 8 than sound.

Next time you see lighting count the number of seconds before you hear the thunder.

Divide this number 9 3. This will tell you 10 kilometers away the thunder storm is.

1. A. full of B. fill with C. is filled of D. is filled with

2. A. others B. the other C. another D. the others

3. A. hundreds of B. hundred of C. hundreds D. hundred

4. A. may B. maybe C. may be D. can

5. A. Of B. With C. Without D. By

6. A. in B. on C. above D. over

7. A. hours B. days C. minutes D. seconds

8. A. more fast B. much faster C. more faster D. much fast

9. A. in B. of C. by D. at

10. A. how much B. how many C. how far D. how long

（六）

I have visited many places: the states of Missouri, Michigan, Florida, Wisconsin, and Washington D.C. But, I think Chicago in Illinois is the 1 place.

When I come home from school, I see a beautiful 2 . A rabbit is running in the garden, a squirrel 3 on a tree, and a robin is in the branches.

In the summer it gets hot, 4 not as hot as Nanjing. Autumn and spring are cool and bright. I can see flocks of 5 flying south for the winter. I can hear crickets（蟋蟀）in the evening, 6 during the winter. of course.

Today, when I come home, there are dry 7 leaves on the ground.

Not 8 in the world has robins, crickets, rabbits and squirrels. There’s no 9 near the equator（赤道）. Every place is beautiful, but this place is 10 more beautiful.

1. A. biggest B. nicest C. coldest D. must expensive

2. A. car B. girl C. picture D. dance

3. A. walks B. sits C. talks D. swims

4. A. but B. so C. then D. or

5. A. tigers B. planes C. ducks D. wild geese

6. A. for B. except C. expect D. besides

7. A. falling B. fell C. fallen D. falls

8. A. anywhere B. somewhere C. nowhere D. everywhere

9. A. sun B. snow C. wind D. animals

10. A. no B. even C. ever D. never

【試題答案】

閱讀理解參考答案：

（一）TFFTF

（二）DCB

（三）CBCDA

（四）ABC

（五）1. Because it is shopping for the rich

2. Rollerblades

3. Sit

（六）BCDB

（七）TFTTF

完形填空參考答案

（一）BCDDA

（二）CABBD，ADCAD

（三）ABCDB，CADAB

（四）CCDBA，DDCAB

（五）DAACC，DDBCB

（六）BCBAD，BCDBB