I. 分詞的歸納與總結

A. –ing結構做定語后置

Do you know the woman talking to Tom?

Who were those people waiting outside?

The road joining two villages is very narrow.

I live in a pleasant room overlooking the garden.

There were some children swimming in the river.

B. 以-ing or –ed 結尾的形容詞做表語

Jane is bored because her job is boring.

Jane’s job is boring, so Jane is bored.

以-ing結尾的形容詞表達事物給人的感覺，以–ed 結尾的形容詞表達人對事物的感覺。又如：

Julia thinks politics is very interesting.

The film was disappointing. I expected it to be much better.

We were shocked when we heard the news.

Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam.

C. 動詞或介詞+ing做賓語

a）在下列詞后的動詞要用-ing形式

enjoy, stop, finish, consider, avoid, practise, suggest, mind, risk, keep, appreciate, admit, miss, delay, etc.

I enjoy dancing.

Would you mind closing the window?

Amy suggested going to the cinema.

Don’t keep interrupting me while I am speaking.

b）介詞(in, for, about, before, …)+ing

What are the advantages of having a car?

How about playing tennis tomorrow?

I bought a new bicycle instead of going away on holiday.

Before going out, I phoned Sarah.

What did you do after leaving school?

c）動詞+介詞的詞組+ing

I am thinking of buying a house.

Do you feel like going out for dinner tonight?

I am used to driving on the left because I’ve lived in Britain for a long time.

Are you looking forward to seeing Ann again?

I prefer driving to travelling by train.

這類的詞組有give up, put off, carry on, succeed in, dream of, insist on 等

D. 動詞-ing形式做賓語補足語

I saw him walking along the street at night yesterday.

I could hear it raining.

I found Sue in my room reading a letter.

類似的詞還有：feel, listen to, look at, notice, watch, observe, etc

E. –ing 從句做狀語

Jim hurt his arm playing tennis. (=while he was playing)

A man ran out of the house shouting. (=he ran out of the house and he was shouting)

Having finished her work, she went home. (=after she had finished her work, she went home)

Feeling tired, I went to bed early. (=because I felt tired, I went to bed early)

Having already seen the film twice, I didn’t want to go to the cinema. (=because I had already seen it twice, I …)

II. 不定式的基本結構

A. 結構 主動形式 被動形式

一般式 to do to be done

進行式 to be doing --------

完成式 to have done to have been done

B. 例句

（1）The Browns have a comfortable house to live in. （定語）

（2）They decided to finish the job on time. （賓語）

（3）I borrowed some books to read during my holiday. （賓補）

（4）He was the best man to do the job. （賓補）

（5）They went there to visit their teacher. (狀語)

（6）My question is how to find out some useful information. （疑問詞引導）

附： 動詞搭配表

I. v. + to do

1.wish to do 2.hope to do

3.promise to do 4.decide to do

5.refuse to do 6.agree to do

7.expect to do 8.manage to do

9.fail to do 10.prefer to do

11.plan to do 12.want to do

13.ought to do 14.have to do

15.used to do/be use to do 16.seem to do

17.would like to do 18.in order to do

19.so as to do 20.set out to do

21.make up one's mind to do 22.take trouble to do

23.It takes sb. some time to do 24.be going to do

25.be about to do 26.happen to do

27.pretend to do/to have done/to be doing

28.be thought/believed /said /reported to do

29.have no choice but to do

II. v. +adj. + to do

1. be willing to do 2. be likely to do

3. be able to do 4. too ... to do

5. be glad to do 6. be determined to do

7. be ready to do 8. be sure to do

9. be pleased to do 10. be afraid to do

11. be surprised to do 12. be eager to do

13. be anxious to do

14. It is important/necessary...for sb. to do

15. be...enough(for sb.) to do 16.be the first/last to do

17. be careful not to do/take care not to do

III. v.+ sb. + to do

1. help sb. to do 2. order sb. to do

3. tell sb. to do 4. wish sb. to do

5. want sb. to do 6. force sb. to do

7. get sb. to do 8. drive sb. to do

9. forbid sb. to do 10. cause sb. to do

11. allow sb. to do 12. permit sb. to do

13. persuade sb. to do 14. advise sb. to do

15. invite sb. to do 16. prefer sb. to do

17. require sb. to do 18. call on sb. to do

19. It cost sb. some money to do 20. think/consider sb. to be

IV. v.+ sb. / sth.+ do/ doing / done

1. see 2. hear 3. notice 4. watch 5. listen to 6. look at

7. feel 8. have 9. observe

e.g. I saw him come in. He was seen to come in.

him working

the problem settled

V. v. + do

1.can, may, must, should, need, will, dare

2.please do 3. had better do 4. would rather do...(than do)

5.why (not) do 6.let/make/have sb. do

7.have nothing to do but do

There is nothing to do but do They could do nothing but do

VI. v.+ doing

1.enjoy doing 2.risk doing

3.avoid doing 4.keep doing

5.practise doing

6.suggest doing / sb.'s doing / that sb.(should) do

7.miss doing 8. finish doing

9. allow / permit doing 10. delay doing

11.resist doing 12. consider doing

13. mind doing / sb.'s doing / if sb. do

14. imagine doing 15. keep on doing

16. go on doing 17. insist on doing

18. be busy doing 19. set about doing

20. give up doing 21. feel like doing

22. can't help doing

23. spend/save/waste/kill/time (in) doing

24. It is no use/good doing

25. prefer doing to doing

26. look forward to doing

27. succeed in doing

28. be afraid of doing

29. have trouble/difficulty (in) doing

30 There is trouble / difficulty (in) doing

31. prevent / keep /stop sb. from doing

32. thank you for doing

33. praise sb. for doing

34. punish sb. for doing

35. excuse sb. for doing / sb.'s doing

36. apologize for doing

37. be (well) worth doing / be worthy of being done / be worthy to be done

38. want / need / require doing

e.g. The boy wanted to wash his handkerchief./ The boy wanted washing.

I need to buy a new pair of trousers. / The trousers need mending.

39. do some reading/washing/cleaning/shopping/cooking/more speaking

40. go swimming/dancing/shopping/skating/boating/sightseeing/skiing

VII. v.+ to do / doing

A. 意義差別不大

begin/start e.g. When shall we start working/to work?

Suddenly it started to rain.

Now he began to realize/know his mistakes.

B.接doing表示一般情況,接to do表示具體

1. like/love e.g. I like swimming. But I don't like to swim this afternoon.

2. hate e.g. I hate getting up early. I hate to get up at this time.

3. prefer e.g. He prefers doing to talking.

I'd prefer to go by bike rather than walk this time.

C. 接doing表示已完成的動作,接to do表示未做的動作

1. remember e.g. Remember to close the window before you leave.

I remember being taken to the Great Wall when I was young.

2.forget e.g. Don't forget to lock the door.

I'll never forget meeting him for the first time.

D.意義有差別

1. try e.g. He tried to escape but he was caught.

He try unlocking the door with another key.

2. stop e.g. Stop talking, please. Let's stop to work.

3. regret e.g. I regret to say/tell you/inform you that you failed in the test.

How I regret telling him the news.

4.mean e.g. I'm sorry if I have hurt your feeling. But I didn't mean to.

The incident probably means war/fighting between the two nations.

5. go on

e.g. After he had finished his homework, he went on to write a letter.

Having been put into prison, he went on writing songs.

6. be afraid to do/of doing

e.g. I’m afraid to go out at night.

Most people are afraid of snakes.

Don’t be afraid of making mistakes when learning a foreign language.

【模擬試題】

1. ____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (NMET96, 23)

A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lost

2. The patient was warned __________oily food after the operation. (NMET 96)

A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating

3. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776B.C., did not include women players until 1912. (NMET97)

A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing

4. I would love _______to the party last night but I have to work extra hours to finish a report.(NMET 97)

A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone

5. Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour. (NMET98,23)

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

6. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ____ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” (NMET99,25)

A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading

7. Robert is said __________abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in. (NMET 99)

A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying

8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _________it more difficult.(NMET 99)

A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

9. I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________in my new job. (NMET春北京 00)

A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects

10. __________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (NMET01)

A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleep

11. Tony was very unhappy for ___________to the party. (2000上海，40)

A. having not been invited B. not having invited

C. having not invited D. not having been invited

12. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _________the next year. (NMET2000, 22)

A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out

13. I really appreciate ________to relax with you on this nice island.

A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time

14. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears __________everything. (2001 上海)

A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told

15. ____________to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. (2002 上海)

A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed

16. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?

---The key ________the problem is to meet the demand _________by the customers.

(NMET2002 北京)

A. to solving, making B. to solving, made

C. to solve, making D. to solve, made

17. The research is so designed that once _________nothing can be done to change it.

(NMET2002)

A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun

18. Generally speaking, ________according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.

(2003 上海)

A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken

19. The teacher asked us ________so much noise. (NMET2003 北京)

A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make

20. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________in the kitchen. (NMET2003)

A. smoke B. smoking C. to smoke D. smoked

21. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain __________as the plane was making a landing. (2004春季上海)

A. at B. seating C. seated D. to be seating

22. Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents___________. (NMET2004 重慶)

A. worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry

23. ____________the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks.

(NMET2004廣東)

A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed

D. Having not completed

24. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________the exam. (NMET2004 福建)

A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing

25. The flowers _________sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of name.

(2004 上海)

A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt

26. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when __________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET2004全國)

A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned

27. He looked around and caught a man ________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.

A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting

28. This company was the first ________portable radios as well as cassette tapes recorders in the world. (2005春上海)

A. producing B. to produce C. having produced D. produced

29. ___________with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. (NMET2005 春季北京)

A. To face B. Having faced C. Faced D. Facing

30. The storm left, ____________a lot of damage to this area. (NMET2005全國)

A. caused B. to have caused C. to cause D. having caused

【試題答案】

1-5 CCCDC 6-10 DABCA 11-15 DCBDC 16-20 BDBDB

21-25 CACDB 26-30CDBCD