I.狀語從句

聽錄音材料導入所要復習的狀語從句內容。（劃線部分是學生根據錄音所要填寫的內容）

One day after work ,I was doing my housework when a man with thick glasses came to visit me. In the beginning, I looked him up and down as if he were a stranger to me. He felt so surprised that he said excitedly to me, “Can’t you recognize me? Do you remember one student who was taller than any other student in your class when you were in Shizhuang Middle School?” What he said reminded me that he was a classmate of mine. I couldn’t help shaking him by the hand, “Glad to see you.Be seated please.” After sitting he said to me, “Because I will be sent to work where my father worked ten years ago, I want to invite you to dinner this Sunday so that I can say goodbye to you and other classmates who work in the city. As long as you have time,please accept my invitation.”Although it happened that I had no time that Sunday,considering that it was hardly possible to see him again,I promised him.

（本篇聽力材料將中學階段所學的三種從句(名詞性從句、定語從句、狀語從句)都包括進去了，且重點突出了狀語從句。材料中包括九種狀語從句）。

狀語從句幾乎是每年高考必考的內容，在高考試題中加上其它從句的干擾，以及倒裝句，強調句的介入，使得狀語從句更為復雜。狀語從句是一種副詞性從句，通常由一個從屬連詞或一個起連詞作用的詞組引導。狀語從句可以表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結果、條件、方式、讓步和比較9種意義。

一、基本用法

1.時間狀語從句

由下列連詞引導：when, while , as, before, after, once, till, until, once, as soon as, now that, hardly…when, scarcely…when, no sooner…than,有一些表示時間的副詞（短語）或名詞短語也可引導時間狀語從句。如：directly, instantly, immediately, by the time，the moment, the second, the minute, the instant, every time, each time, next time, the last time等

注意點如下：

1)when, while, as引導的時間狀語從句

as表示“當……的時候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它著重強調主句與從句的動作或事情同時或幾乎同時發生。

①She came up as I was cooking.(同時)

② When I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.我在街上行走時，碰到一位老朋友　　　　　　　　　　　　　

when(at or during the time that )既可以表示在某一點的時候，又可表示在某一段時間內，主句與從句的動作或事情可以同時發生也可以先后發生。

①It was raining when we arrived.(指時間點)

②When we were at school, we went to the library every day.(在一段時間內)

③When we arrived there, the film had already begun.(先后發生)

While強調一段時間里，僅表示從句和主句的動作同時發生，并且有延續意義，該從句中的動詞一般要用延續性動詞，從句中常用過去進行時態或一般過去時態；在when表示a period of time時，兩者可以互換。

①Please don’t talk so loud while/when others are working. 其他人工作時請不要大聲講話。

②He fell asleep while/when reading. 讀書時他睡著了。

③ While they were watching TV, I was preparing myself for the coming examination. 他們在看電視，而我在為即將到來的考試做準備。

Strike while the iron is hot.( 不可用as或when，這里的while意思是“趁……”)

as表示主從句動作同時發生，所以常譯作＂一邊…一邊＂。

John sings as he works.

As his hands dropped he dropped with it, and I laid him down ,dead.

當When引出的時間狀語從句為系表結構，而且其主語和主句的主語一致，其表語又是一個名詞時，就可以用 as 引導的省略句來代替。

When he was a young man (= As a young man ) he was fond of hunting.

2)before狀語從句的重點句型

It will (not ) be a period of time before 還要……才，要不了多久就……

Was (not) 過了……才 沒多久就……

①It was a long time before I got to sleep . 過了好長時間我才睡著了。

② It wasn’t long before he told me about the news. 沒多久他就告訴了我那條新聞。

③不等……就 在---之前：Before I could get in a word, he had measured me.

The telephone rang off before I could answer it. 我還沒來得及接電話，電話就掛斷了。

④剛……就：He hardly entered the room before he heard the telephone ring.

⑤先……再：You can have a few days to think about it before you make your decision.

做出決定之前你還有幾天時間考慮

3)since 引導的從句用延續性動詞的過去式（包括過去完成時），則從句的動作已經結束,從句意思是否定的。如果從句的動詞是延續性動詞的完成時態，從句意思是肯定的。

It is /has been a period of time 延續性動詞的過去式 自從該動作結束已多長時間

延續性動詞的完成時態 since 該動作已延續了多長時間

短暫性動詞的過去式 自從該動作開始已多長時間

①He has never been to see me since I was ill.我病愈后，他一直未來看我。（不在生病了）

②He has never been to see me since I have been ill.我病了，他一直未來看我。

③I haven’t heard from him since he lived here.自從他這里搬走，我就沒有收到他的信。（不住在這兒了）

④I know him very well since he has lived here near us.自他住在我們附近以來，我對他很了解。

⑤It’s three years since I was in the army.我退伍已三年了。（不在服役了）

⑥It’s three years since I have been in the army=It's three years since I joined the army.我入伍已三年了。

4)如果與till與until從句使用的主句是肯定的，則主句中謂語要用延續性動詞如果與其使用的主句是否肯定的，則主句中謂語要用短暫性動詞。另till從句不可以置于句首，只有until從句可以放在句首。not until 放在句首時主句要倒裝。

He didn’t go back to his hometown until three years later.

=Not until three years later did he go back to his hometown.

I didn’t recognize him until he took off his glasses.

= Not until he took off his glasses did I recognize him.

2.原因狀語從句

由下列連詞引導：as, because, since, now that, considering that, seeing that(鑒于---)。

下面幾點值得注意：

1) because語氣最強，用于回答why的提問，可與強調詞only, just 以及否定詞not 連用。但不可以與so連用。如You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you.

He failed because he was careless. 他因粗心而失敗了。

because引導的從句可以被強調：

It was because she wanted to study abroad that she entered for TOEFL

2) since引導的從句語氣次于because引導的從句，常表示稍加分析后而推斷出的原因，或指人們已知的事實，比as正式一些,常置于句首。as語氣最弱，其原因只是對結果的附帶說明，一般放在句首。

Since/ Now that no one is against it ,let’s carry out the plan.

Since everyone has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都來了，我們開會吧。

As all the seats were full, he stood there. 所有的座位都滿了他只好站那兒。

3) for雖解釋為“因為”但只是一個并列連詞，它也常引導句子表原因，但不是原因狀語從句，它是一個并列句。for所提供的理由是一種補充性的說明，表推測的理由。

The day was short, for it was December.

It might have rained last night for the ground is wet. 昨晚可能下雨了，因為地面是濕的。

She must have cried for her eyes are red. 她一定哭過了，她眼睛紅的。

He can’t have done that for he is not that kind of man. 他不可能這么做的，因為他不是那種人。

3.地點狀語從句

由下列連詞引導:where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere。

You may find him where his brother lives.

You are free to go wherever you like. 你可以去你想要去的任何地方。

Anywhere he went, he got warm welcome. 無論他走到哪兒，都收到熱烈歡迎。

The girl takes the doll with her everywhere she goes.

Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。

4.結果狀語從句

由下列連詞引導：that，so…that，such…that，so that等。

注意以下幾種結構：

1).so+adj/adv+that… 2).such(a/an+adj)+n+that…

3).so+adj+a/an+n+that=such a/an+adj+n+that… 4).so many/much/few/little(少)+n+that…

5)such +(adj) +n (u /pl )+ that

He spoke so fast that I couldn’t follow him. 他說的如此的快，我跟不上他。

It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming 今天天氣如此的好，我們大家都去游泳了。

He gave such important reasons that he was excused. 他給了非常重要的理由，我們都原諒他了。

So或such置于句首時，主句常倒裝。

It was such a lovely day / so lovely a day that we all went swimming .　

＝Such a lovely day was it that we all went swimming.

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.

= Such important reasons did he give that he was excused.

注意以上結構與定語從句so/such…as的區別。

This is such an interesting/so interesting a film that everyone wants to see it.

This is such an interesting/so interesting a film as everyone wants to see.

The stone is so heavy as we can’t lift.

That 引導的從句常用于口語中。

We turned the radio up (so) that everyone heard the news.

5.目的狀語從句

由下列連詞引導：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case等。 （注：so that也可用來引導結果狀語從句）

so that, in order that引導的目的狀語從句中常需用情態動詞。so that引導的目的狀語從句只能放在主句之后，in order that 引導的目的狀語從句可以放在主句之前或之后。

We set out early so that we could see the sunrise. 我們很早出發以便能看到日出

He sent the letter by air mail so that it might reach them in time. 他空郵這份信的以便他們能按時收到。

for fear that, in case 引導的目的狀語從句謂語動詞要用should do 它們本身帶有否定意義，相當于so that--not, in order that---not

We hid behind the bushes in case /for fear that passers-by should see us. 我們躲在叢林中以防過路人看見。

Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I forget. 明天請再次提醒我以防我忘了。

6.條件狀語從句

分為真實條件句和非真實條件句（用在虛擬語氣中）。

由下列連詞引導：if, unless, suppose, supposing, providing(that),provided(that),given(that),in case, on condition that, as long as, so long as, so far as等。

(1)Unless=if not

You will fail unless you study hard. 除非努力否則你就要失敗。

(2)suppose, supposing, providing(that),provided(that),given(that)= if

Suppose I don’t have a day off, what shall I do?

Given that he supports us, we’ll win the election. 如果他支持我們，我們就會贏得選舉。

(3) on condition that, as long as, so long as = only if

As long as you don’t lose heart, you will succeed. 只要你不灰心，你就會成功。

(4) As far as I know, he cheated in the exam.

So far as I am concerned, I’m in favour of “mercy killing”. 就我個人而言， 我支持安樂死。

As far as I’m concerned , making money is not the only purpose of life.就我個人而言，賺錢并不是生活的唯一目的。

7.讓步狀語從句

由下列連詞引導：although, though, as, even if, even though ,while, whether…or, whoever, whatever, however,

no matter+疑問詞等。

注意以下幾點：

1) although, though引導讓步狀語從句時，主句前不能用but,但可以加yet, still。

He is unhappy though he has a lot of money.

Though it was raining hard, yet they didn’t stop working. 盡管下著大雨，他們仍然在工作。

2) as引導讓步狀語從句時，必須用前置結構，通常是從句中的表語、狀語或動詞原形放在句首，放在句首的名詞前的冠詞要去掉。

Though he is a child, he knows a lot.

=Child as(though)he is, he knows a lot.（注意在child前不要用冠詞）

Good as he is , he won’t be top of class.

Though I like it very much, I won’t buy it.

=Much as I like it, I won’t buy it.

Try as he would, he couldn’t lift the heavy box.

Though it is raining heavily, he rushed out.

=Heavily as it is raining ,he rushed out.

3) whether ---or (not ) 引導的從句，提供兩個對比的“盡管”情況， 含有條件意味。

（Whether you） believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你， 這是真的。

Whether you come here or we go there , the topic of discussion will remain unchanged.

不管是你來這兒還是他去那兒，討論的主題保持不變。

4) 疑問詞+ever＝no matter +疑問詞

whatever you say, I won’t believe you.

Whoever you are, you must show your pass. 無論你是誰，你都必須出示你的通行證。

Whenever you come, you are welcome. 無論你啥時來，都歡迎。

8.方式狀語從句

由下列連詞引導：as, as if, as though ,the way等。

At Rome we must do as the Romans (do). 入鄉隨俗

Do it the way you were told (to). 教你怎樣做就怎樣做。

He treats me as if I were a stranger. 他對待我象陌生人一樣。

注意以下幾點：

1)as引導方式狀語從句時意義為“按照”，“如同”，前面常用加強語勢。

I did it just as you told me.

= I did it just as told to

He didn’t win the match as expected. 他沒有像預料的一樣贏得比賽。

2) as if和as though 引導的從句中，謂語常用虛擬語氣，有時也用陳述語氣。

It seems as if it were going to rain.

CF : it seems as if it is going to rain.

3)連詞while 和whereas 可表示對比。

Whereas he is rather lazy, she is quite energetic.

注意狀語從句中的省略現象

1)連接詞+過去分詞

Unless repaired, the washing machine is no use.

Though _______or many times, David often drives after drinking.

A. to be warned B. having been warning C warned D. being warned

2)連詞+現在分詞

Look out while crossing the street.

3)連詞+形容詞/其他

常見的有if necessary、if possible、when necessary、if any等

4)比較狀語從句中的省略句。如：He arrived home half an hour earlier than (he had been)expected.

注：比較狀語從句放在復習形容詞、副詞時復習