Teaching Goals
1. Talk about deadly diseases and attitudes towards AIDS, cancers, etc.
2. Practise talking about imaginary situations.
3. Practise supporting and challenging an opinion.
4. Learn to use the Subjunctive Mood (1): If I were you,… I wish I could…
Period I Warming-up and Speaking
Teaching Aims
1. Learn and master the following:
(1) Words: virus, via, mosquito, prevention, persuade
(2) Everyday English: sentence patterns to support and challenge an opinion
2. Train the students’ skill to use language.2
Teaching Procedures
Step I Warming –up
1.Lead-in
There are many sayings or quotations about health. For example, Emerson’s “ The first wealth is health.” And Disraeli’s “ The health of the people is really the foundation upon which all their happiness and all their power are based.” According to these , what opinion do you form about health?
Health is very important for everyone. But not everyone own sound health. Many people’s health is being threatened by various diseases, which brings fear and suffering to the world.
Let’s see what diseases exist.
2.Brainstorming
Collect the names of diseases students can mention.
(cold, fever, headache, toothache, stomachache, heart attack, high blood pressure, cancer, AIDS,
SARS, Insomnia diarrhoea, scald… )
3. General information about AIDS
What does AIDS and HIV stand for separately?
How do people get infected with AIDS/ HIV?
What’s the date of the World AIDS Day? What’s the symbol of it?
4. AIDS Quiz
Hold competitions among groups
Step II Listening and speaking
1. Listen to the tape twice and fill in the blanks on page 50.
2. Discuss the question: If you were a disease detective, what would you do to learn about a new disease?
Step III Speaking
Group work.
Which is more harmful to people’s health? AIDS, drugs, smoking or drinking? Have a discussion using the useful expressions listed on page 50.
Step IV Language Points
1. infect vt. 傳染；感染；
infect sb with, be /become/ get infected with
The patient infected me with a bad cold.
He infected his wound with disease germs (細(xì)菌).
The children were all infected with flu.
When he was in prison, he was infected with all sorts of antisocial ideas.
受到各種反動(dòng)思想的影響。
an infected area 污染地區(qū) infect sb. with a theory 用理論影響
2. inject注射
inject sb with, inject sth into
They were injected with antibiotics.他們被注射抗生素。
The drug is injected directly into the spine（脊柱）.
△inject可引申為“投入”、“注入”之意。
Large sums of money are injected each year into teaching.
They hoped that the adoption of a child would inject new life to their marriage.
injection n. 注射
give an injection , have an injection
3. “get +過去分詞”
get dressed / lost / married / charged / separated / hurt / burnt
4. be different from 與…不同; be different in 在…方面不同
They are quite different in their tastes.
My opinions are different from yours.
There are differences between … and… .
5. live with忍受；忍耐
You have to learn to live with stress.
6. transmit vt. 傳播；傳導(dǎo)；遺傳；發(fā)射
Mosquitoes transmit malaria.
Parents transmit some of their characteristics to their children.
The power developed by the engine is transmitted to the wheels by some parts.
The revolutionary tradition should be transmitted to the younger generation.
She transmitted the message to me
（ trans- 超越，到別的場所
transfer, transfuse ( transfusion ), transplant, transport ( transportation ), transmit )
7. via prep. 憑借；通過；經(jīng)過；經(jīng)由
be transmitted via various routes
He flew to Washington via New York.
The program was telecast live via satellite.
I’ve read this French play via an English translation.
I sent a message to Mary via her sister.
He sent her a love letter via airmail.
8. take notes of / take a note of / make notes of / make a note of記錄
He never forgets to make notes for his speech.
The students are busy taking notes in class.
9. persuade vt.說服；勸說；使某人相信
Nobody would persuade her.
She is not easy to persuade.
△persuade sb. to do sth.
At last they persuaded him to go home.
She finally persuaded her son to go to college.
△persuade sb. into doing sth.= persuade sb to do sth勸說某人要做某事
Consumers are often persuaded into buying something they don’t need.
persuade sb. out of doing sth.勸說某人不要做某事
He persuaded me out of being addicted to alcohol.
I persuaded him out of smoking.
We persuaded him out of his foolish idea.
△persuade sb. of sth.使某人相信某事
How can I persuade you of my innocence?
△如果未能說服用try to persuade sb.. to do或advise sb. to do sth..
Many times I tried to persuade him to take the job, but I failed to.
I tried to persuade him to do it , but he wouldn’t.
Step V Homework
The Second Period Reading
Teaching Aims
1. Learn the following words and expressions:
Defenseless, illness, treatment, liquid, unprotected, sex, lack, proper, discourage, cheer, cheer up, network, specialist
2. Practise talking about imaginary situation.
3. Improve the students’ reading ability.
Teaching Important Points
1. The usages of some useful words and expressions: a lack of, cheer up, deal with, wish, as if
2. Understand the text exactly
Teaching Difficult Points
How to help the students understand the text exactly, especially some sentences with special verb-forms used in the Subjunctive Mood.
Teaching Procedure
Step I Lead in
1.See a film about AIDS. Ask the students to fill in the blanks according to what they hear.
2. T: AIDS can be a very terrible disease that destroy one’s immune system. Can children be infected with AIDS? Can you imagine how a AIDS child look? Besides those AIDS children, there are also many children infected with HIV. These children may look the same as normal children, but they are doomed to die. Let’s read about one example of such children.
3. What does the title Born Dying mean. Without reading or looking at the text, write down four questions that you think will be answered in the text.
Step III Reading
1.Read the text for general idea. Match the main idea of each paragraph with the number of the paragraphs.
2. Read again for details. Fill in the table. ( powerpoint )
( 3. Read the passage again and decide which of the following is true.
① Xiao Hua is a happy teenager and likes to talk to her teachers after class. F
② Most people with AIDS can only survive a few months. F
③ Medicine can help the people with AIDS and it can cure them at last. F
④ Ciao Hua’s mother died of AIDS when Xiao Hua was a child. T
⑤ Xiao Hua has hardly any hope to survive. T
⑥ Xiao Hua still decided to do something to help other AIDS sufferers. T
⑦ Contacting with AIDS sufferers is always dangerous. F
⑧ Xiao Hua thinks her life is still beautiful though she is suffering from AIDS. T )
Step IV Language points
1. ( be )born dying
be born +adj. / n. 生為。。。
He was born French, but later took Canadian citizenship.
The children are born lucky.
He was born blind.
②be born to do 生來就是
She was born to succeed in life.
③born adj. 天生的；生來就有的
She is a born poet.
2. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenceless against infections and illnesses.
1). break down vt.
a). destroy, get (a wall or door ) down by battering it 毀壞；將門/墻等搗毀
break down the wall to save the child， break the door down
b) change the chemicals of… （化學(xué)）分解
Chemicals in the body break down the food into useful substances. 糖和淀粉（starch）在胃里被分解。_____________________________________________________
vi.
c) become disabled （機(jī)器等）出毛病/故障
The car broke down halfway.
The machine will break down if you don’t take care of it.
The telephone system / Telephone communication with other cities has broken down.
d). collapse 崩潰，瓦解
The peace talks have broken down.
我們的計(jì)劃失敗了。___________________________________________
e). suffer a physical or mental weakening （身體、精神）衰退
His health broke down.
( break out, break into, break away from, break up )
2).defenceless adj.
defend vt. protect, guard 保衛(wèi)，防護(hù)
defend …against/ from
defence n. self-defence, national defence
3. Most people who have AIDS manage to survive only a few years after they get the disease.
1）manage to do sth. = succeed in doing sth.
He managed to get the work done with very little help.
We managed to get there in time.
2）manage sth
If you are to get away, I can manage the money.
Can you manage all work alone?
箱子不重，我自己能行。 ______________________________________________
3）manage vi. 能行， 設(shè)法做成
Don’t worry. We’ll mange somehow.
I have a good deal of work to do at present, more than I can manage.
Many people wondered how they managed under such difficult conditions.
c.f. manage to do , try to do
4. treat v.治療，醫(yī)療（病人，疾病）
The doctor treated my influenza.
He treated her for a broken arm.
They treated him with a drug.
△cure sb. of sth.
The fresh air on the farm cured me of my headache.
We have to cure the child of bad habits.
The medicine will cure your fever in no time.
△treatment n.治療；療法；對待；處理
He developed a new treatment for liver cancer.
There are several treatments for a cold.
My father is under medical treatment in hospital.
Their treatment of political prisoners was very cruel.
His treatment of the problem was most interesting.
5. spread
① 使伸展，延伸，張開，常與out連用
I spread a new cloth on the table.
He spread out his arms to welcome us.
They spread a blanket over the sleeping child.
② vi.（消息等）傳開，流傳, 蔓延
The news spread through the school very quickly.
The fire spread from the factory to the house nearby.
The rumor quickly spread through the town.
6. contract 染有（壞習(xí)慣）， 染上（疾病），負(fù)債
He contracted an awful stomach complaint while he was traveling.患了嚴(yán)重的胃病
He contracted huge debs by buying luxuries he cold not afford.
△contract “訂合同”常用with“與…訂合同”,或for “訂了…合同”
The city council has contracted with White Company for the new library.
△contract原意為“收縮”“縮小”
Iron contracts as it get cooler.
Our business has contracted a lot recently.
（ contract n. 合同 ）
7. die of/ from heart illness/ lung-cancer / thirst
die from a wound/ an accident/ an earthquake/ overwork/ weekness / polluted air
die of hunger /cold /old age /joy /disappointment/ grief / fear
die by the sword / hanging /one’s own hand
die for liberty / the country / the people/ the revolutionary cause為… 而死
8. wish 后接虛擬語氣
△“wish +賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，“可惜…”；“…就好了”；“悔不該…”；“但愿”
① 表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；
② 表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would + /could +動(dòng)詞原形
③ 表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用had done
I wish it were spring all the year around.
I wish I were handsome.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wished I hadn’t been so forgetful. Then I shouldn’t have missed the talk.
I wish I hadn’t said that.
I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day14. wish
△wish to do... I wish to see your manager, please.
wish sb. to do … I wish the manger to be informed at once.
wish sb. +復(fù)合賓語 I wish him safe at home. He didn’t wish it mentioned.
△n.愿望，意愿
All my wishes came true.
He tried to satisfy her every wish.
△表示祝愿，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式
Please accept our sincere wishes.
Mary sends you her best wishes for a Happy New Year.
△wish作名詞用時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句也應(yīng)用虛擬語氣形式。
9. The disease is spreading fast in Africa and parts of Asia, mainly because of a lack of proper health care.
lack n. 缺乏；沒有；
(a ) lack of , sb’s lack of
She showed a lack of humor.
I can’t buy the bike because of my lack of money.
The reason for their failure was the lack of experience.
A lack of food caused her to grow weak.
Lack of rest made him tired.
△ vt. 缺乏；短少
lack sth
lack money /courage /ability / experience
We still lack the necessary information.
We lacked the strength to walk any further.
△lacking adj. 欠缺的，不夠的
be lacking in
He seemed to be lacking in courage.
Since she is young, she is lacking in experience.
10. 現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語
The students went out into the fields, laughing and talking.
The child fell, striking his head against the door.
Holding his head high, he walked and passed the pole and the soldiers.
11. suffer
(1) vi.受苦，患病，遭受損失
The injured man was still suffering.
His health suffered terribly from heavy drinking.
suffer from a disease
(1) vt.遭受（痛苦，損害）
suffered serious damage / heavy loss / great pain/ hunger/ defeat / blow / punishment/ hardships
12. cheer vt. 使感到振奮/感到高興
The news cheered the family. He was cheered by the good news.
It cheered the old woman to have her neighbor visit her.
△cheer up使感到振奮，感到高興
Your presence will cheer him up.
We have to work harder at cheering up the patients.使病人振作起來
They all cheered up at the news.
Cheer up! Things are not as bad as they seem.
△ vt. .為…加油； 為…喝彩；歡呼
I went to cheer our team on.
Everyone cheered the news that the war was over.
The audience cheered him as he walked on stage.
△ n.不可數(shù)名詞“歡樂感”、“振奮的情緒”
The boy was moved by the words of cheer.
There’s general feeling of cheer as the holiday season nears.
Step V Homework
Words:
1. fierce adj. violent 兇猛的, 猛烈的
a fierce dog / wind, look fierce， fierce heat / anger
a fierce game / war
2. available adj. able to be used / obtained 可用的，有效的，可獲得的
There is only a little money available for the trip.
These tickets are available for one month only.
The book you have ordered are not available.
These dresses are not available in your size.
PeriodIII Word and Grammarw
虛擬語氣(一)
虛擬語氣表示所說的不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或建議等。虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成比較特殊，它有各種不同的動(dòng)詞形式，表示各種不同的情況，這些動(dòng)詞所表示的意思一般與事實(shí)相反。這種虛擬語氣一般因所指時(shí)間的不同分為三種情況：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與過去事實(shí)相反，與將來可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反，現(xiàn)分述如下：
一．虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法
這種虛擬語氣一般因所指時(shí)間的不同分為三種情況：與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，與過去事實(shí)相反，與將來可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反，現(xiàn)分述如下：
▲ 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，動(dòng)詞形式如下：
if從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式 主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
動(dòng)詞過去式(be的過去式一般用were) would，should，could，might+動(dòng)詞原形
1).If my brother were here, everything would be all right.
2). If I were you, I would tell him the truth.
3).If they didn’t take physical exercise every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.
4)If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.
如果他現(xiàn)在在這里，他會(huì)幫助我。
如果更多的人了解急救知識，就能挽救更多的生命。
▲ 表示與過去事實(shí)相反，動(dòng)詞形式如下：
if從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式 主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
had+過去分詞 would，should，could，might +have+過去分詞
1）If you had studied harder, you would have passed the exam.
2）I would have overslept if she hadn't called me.
3）If the hurricane had happened during the daytime, there would have been many more deaths..
4）If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such a big mistake.
如果我當(dāng)時(shí)知道他的地址，我就去拜訪他了。
如果你早幾分鐘來，你就能看到那個(gè)著名的科學(xué)家。
Without his help, we ______ the work in such a short time.
A. couldn’t finish B. couldn’t have finished
C. can’t finish D. can’t have finished
▲ 表示與將來可能發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反，動(dòng)詞形式如下：
if從句謂語動(dòng)詞形式 主句謂語動(dòng)詞形式
①should+動(dòng)詞原形
②過去式(be一般用were)
③were to do would，should，could，might+動(dòng)詞原形
1）lf it should rain / rained / were to rain) tomorrow, I wouldn't go out.
2）lf it were Sunday tomorrow, I should go to see my grandmother.
3）If it should rain, the crops would be saved.
4）If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way.
如果我們能在海底建造城市，那將會(huì)是一座現(xiàn)代化的大城市。
即使我們失敗了，我們也不會(huì)失去信心。
▲有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作與主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞形式根據(jù)動(dòng)作 的具體時(shí)間決定，這種主從復(fù)合句稱為混合條件句。但根據(jù)“條件結(jié)果句”的邏輯關(guān)系，一般條件部分發(fā)生在過去，結(jié)果部分發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在或?qū)怼Ｈ纾?/p>
①If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be well now.
②You would speak English well enough if you had practised reading and speaking it everyday.
[注]但偶爾也有表示“超時(shí)間”的條件，這時(shí)主從句的時(shí)間關(guān)系就與上述一般情況正好相反。如：If I were you, I would have gone with her.
▲在書面語中，有時(shí)if條件句可采用倒裝形式，其規(guī)則是，如果if從句中含有were, had或should時(shí)，則可省略連詞if，將were，should或had移至句首。如：
①Were I you ( = if I were you), I would take the job.
②Had they not helped us, ( = if they had not helped us) we wouldn't have succeeded.
③Had you come yesterday ( = if you had come yesterday), you would have met him.
④Should it rain tomorrow (= If it Should rain tomorrow) what would you do7
⑤Were it not for the sun (= if it were not for the sun), nothing would exist on the earth.
[注]上述這種倒裝形式，一般用于書面語中，不用于口語中。
二．虛擬語氣在名詞從句中的用法
1. wish + that..
wish +賓語從句”表示不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，“可惜…”；“…就好了”；“悔不該…”；“但愿”
表示現(xiàn)在不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式；
表示過去不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用had done
表示將來不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，用would + /could +動(dòng)詞原形
I wish it were spring all the year around.
I wish you could go with us.
We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier.
I wished I hadn’t been so forgetful. Then I shouldn’t have missed the talk.
I wish I hadn’t said that.
I wish I could fly to the moon in a spaceship one day
2. 凡是表示 “堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”，that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句謂語要用“should + 動(dòng)詞原形”（其中should表示“應(yīng)該/必須”，可以省略），常見的詞有：堅(jiān)持（insist）、命令（order/ command）、建議（advise – advice / suggest – suggestion / propose – proposal / recommend – recommendation ）、要求（require – requirement / request/ demand）
The Emperor ordered that the invisible cloth (should) be woven at once.
但是：insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為某一事實(shí)時(shí)”、suggest表示“暗示/表明”時(shí)，that引導(dǎo)的從句不要用虛擬語氣
The smile on her face suggested that she had passed the driving test.
The young man insisted that he hadn’t stolen anything and (should) not be sent to the police.
3. It is necessary/ important/ strange that sb. (should) do sth.
It is important that he (should) be sent to the hospital at once.
It is strange that he (should竟然) be here now. I thought he had already gone to Shanghai.
三 虛擬語氣在方式狀語從句中的用法
as if / though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣， 從句謂語的形式同于wish 后的從句中虛擬語氣所用的謂語的形式。
He talks as if he were an artist.
He spoke English so fluently as if he had studied English in England.
It looks as if it might rain.
( She looks as if she came from the fairy land. )
The Fourth Period Integrating Skills
Teaching Aims
1. Read the lesson and learn the attitude towards diseases
2. Learn words and expressions
Teaching Procedures
Step I Read the passage and answer the following questions.
Q1: How did cancer change the writer’s life?
Q2: What are the similarities and differences between the writer’s situation and Xia Hua’s?
Q3. What would you do if you suffered from a serious illness?
Q4: What do you do when you meet a great difficulty?
Step II Language points
1. sample n. part of a whole, taken to show what the rest is like 樣品，貨樣
blood sample
1. look n. facial expression, appearance 神情，臉色，表情; 外表
a sad look in his eyes
She has a serious look on her face.
A look of pleasure/ surprise came to the boy’s face.
a worried look; a disappointed look; a frightened look
take on a new look, judge a man by his looks （ 容貌）
2. recover :
vi. get better after an illness, accident, shock etc. v. 從…中恢復(fù)，痊愈
recover from
I don’t think he will recover.
He has recovered from a cold.
We haven’t recovered from the shock.
Has the country recovered from the effect of the war yet?
Vt. get back ( sth lost, etc. ) 尋回，恢復(fù)
The athlete soon recovered his breath after the final dash.
It’s going to be some time before I recover my full strength.
He recovered his health.恢復(fù)健康
recover one’s sight， recover oneself
（ recovery n. make a quick recovery ）
3. contrary a. opposite ( in nature or tendency ) 相反的，相對的，逆向的，對抗的
They walked in contrary directions.
The sailing boat was delayed by contrary winds.
be contrary to 違反
The result is contrary to expectation.
That’s contrary to rules.
△on the contrary反之
I admire his gifts, but on the contrary, I distrust his judgement.
I thought it was going to clear up. On the contrary, it began to rain.
--- You’ll get tired of it.
--- On the contrary, I’ll enjoy it very much.
4. at the moment此刻，那時(shí)
for the moment 目前，暫時(shí)
for a moment一會(huì)兒，片刻
in a moment立即馬上
I’m busy __________.
The film will begin _____ ____.
I had to think _________before I remember his name.
________, my car is under repair.
5. be free from without , free of 無…的，免于…，免除…; 擺脫…;不受……影響
a day free from wind
The child is free from care.
Keep the table free from dirt by putting a cover over it.
He wished to live life entirely free from troubles
The sentence is free from mistakes.
The old lady is never free from pain.從未擺脫過病痛。
She was free from all blame for the accident.
He was not free from dismissal if he refused to obey.
It was once a beautiful city free from pollution.
free seat, free ticket, free medical care
6. precious a.重要的
Nothing is more precious than time.
Every child is precious to its parents.
7. take every chance冒險(xiǎn)一試
Come on, and take a chance. You may lose, but it’s worth trying.
That’s a chance I’ll have to take!
We mustn’t take chances. We’d better play safe.
Don’t take chances by driving too fast.
8. to the full / fullest充分地；盡情地；分解
He lived his life to the full.
I’ll enjoy myself to the full.
They displayed to the full their talent and wisdom.
We appreciated to the full our teacher’s help.
9. identify vt。鑒定，認(rèn)出，使等同與
It is impossible to identify the man among so many people.
Can you identify the bird?
The victim was identified by the clothes he wore.
How did you identify the wallet as your own?
The manager identified the progress of the company with his own prosperity.
It is impossible to identify the man among so many people.
Can you identify the bird?
10. deadly a.致命的，致死的
Cancer is a deadly disease.
People there soon came to regard the white settlers as their deadly enemy.
deadly 還有“極度的，徹底的“意思
They sat in deadly silence.
Step III Homework