高中第一冊(cè)（上）
Unit 1-Unit 2
知識(shí)梳理
Ⅰ.網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建
詞匯 單詞 honest *loyal wise smart argue fond match fry *saw rope movie
*cast survive deserted hunt share lie adventure error *closet pronounce broad repeat majority total equal situation trade international organization government tourism *communicate *exchange service signal tidy stand *independent *publish expression compare
詞組 hunt for in order to care about drop sb.a line argue about sth. even though
as...as possible in total make oneself at home except for stay up end up with
a great many the number of more and more
語(yǔ)法 直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)
注：1.帶*者為考綱上無(wú)，但在口頭或筆頭交際中十分常用的單詞或詞組。
2.與考綱上單詞互為構(gòu)詞變化形式的單詞視作應(yīng)掌握單詞。
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)精講
●重點(diǎn)單詞
1.match
例句集錦
v.
（1）Sometimes his inner thoughts and his outer actions do not match.
有時(shí)他的內(nèi)心想法與行為不一致。
（2）Please match each picture with the correct sentence.
把每一幅畫與正確的句子搭配起來(lái)。
（3）No one can match her in knowledge of classical music.
在古典音樂(lè)方面沒(méi)有人比得上她。
（4）The doors were painted blue to match the walls.
門漆成了藍(lán)色，為的是與墻的顏色相配。
（5）Her fingerprints match those found at the scene of the crime.
她的指紋與犯罪現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的指紋相吻合。
（6）The teams were evenly matched.
各隊(duì)的水平旗鼓相當(dāng)。
n.
（1）They had a football match with Grade Two yesterday and they won.
他們昨天和二年級(jí)進(jìn)行了一場(chǎng)足球賽，他們贏了。
（2）I smell gas and you’d better not strike a match.
我聞到有煤氣味，你最好別擦火柴。
（3）The cap is a match for the coat.
這帽子和上衣很相配。
（4）I was his match at tennis.
打網(wǎng)球我跟他難分上下。
（5）I have found a vase that is an exact match of the one I broke.
我找到了一只花瓶，和我打碎的那個(gè)一模一樣。
用法歸納
*match可用作動(dòng)詞和名詞。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要義項(xiàng)有：與……一致；和……相似；和……相配（稱）；匹敵過(guò)；比得過(guò)。主要搭配形式為：match+n.+to/with+n.把……和……搭配起來(lái)/調(diào)和起來(lái)；match+n.+ in/for+n.與……匹敵，是……的對(duì)手，勢(shì)均力敵。
作名詞時(shí)，主要義項(xiàng)有：火柴；比賽；相配
相關(guān)歸納
（1）be no match for 敵不過(guò)
I was no match for him at tennis.
打網(wǎng)球我根本不是他的對(duì)手。
（2） match up to 與……相當(dāng)；符合……標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
The trip failed to match up to her expectations.
這次旅行令她很失望。
2.share
例句集錦
v.
（1）Share the sweets between you.
你們兩人把這些糖果分了。
He shared his money out among his six children.
他把錢分給了六個(gè)孩子。
（2）I’ll share the cost with you.
我將與你分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)用。
The two friends shared everything-they had no secrets.
這對(duì)朋友無(wú)話不談--彼此之間毫無(wú)秘密。
（3）We haven’t enough books for everyone；some of you will share.
我們的書不夠每人一本，你們中有些人得合用。
He shares a house with three other students.
他和另外三個(gè)學(xué)生合住一套房子。
（4）I try to get the kids to share in the housework.
我努力讓孩子們分擔(dān)家務(wù)活。
Both the drivers shared the blame for the accidents.
事故責(zé)任由兩個(gè)駕車人共同承擔(dān)。
n.
（1）We shall all have a share in the profits.
我們都分得一份利潤(rùn)。
（2）Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.
明年我們希望獲得更大的市場(chǎng)份額。
（3）I own 12 shares in an oil company.
我擁有石油公司的12個(gè)股份。
用法歸納
*share可用作動(dòng)詞和名詞。用作名詞時(shí)，主要義項(xiàng)為：一份；股份
用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要搭配和義項(xiàng)有：（1）share sth.（out）（among/between sb.）分給；分配；分派 （2）share sth.（with sb.）和別人分享；和別人合用；分給別人 （3）share in sth.分?jǐn)偅还餐袚?dān)
3.develop
例句集錦
（1）You should try your best to develop a business.
你們應(yīng)該盡量擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)。
（2）He has developed the habit of making notes while reading.
他已養(yǎng)成閱讀時(shí)記筆記的習(xí)慣。
（3）The child is developing normally.
這孩子發(fā)育正常。
（4）The company develops and markets new software.
這個(gè)公司開發(fā)并銷售新軟件。
（5）Can you develop this film for me？
你能把這個(gè)膠卷沖洗出來(lái)嗎？
（6）She developed the company from nothing.
她白手起家辦起這個(gè)公司。
用法歸納
*develop v. 主要義項(xiàng)為：發(fā)展；發(fā)生；產(chǎn)生；開發(fā)；加工；沖洗
4.communicate v.
communication n.
例句集錦
（1）People communicate with each other by spoken or written language or by body languages.
人們通過(guò)口頭或筆頭或通過(guò)身體語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行交流。
（2）Through the Internet，we can communicate directly with the United Nations.
通過(guò)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，我們可以直接與聯(lián)合國(guó)聯(lián)系。
（3）He was eager to communicate his idea to the group.
他急于把他的想法傳達(dá)給小組。
（4）The disease is communicated through dirty drinking water.
這種疾病通過(guò)不干凈的飲用水傳播。
（5）Radio and television are important means of communication.
收音機(jī)和電視是信息交流的重要工具。
（6）Speech is the fastest method of communication between people.
說(shuō)話是人與人交流最快捷的方式。
用法歸納
*communicate v 告知；交流；溝通；傳達(dá)；傳遞；傳染；傳播（疾�。�
*communication n傳達(dá)；交流；通訊；聯(lián)絡(luò)；信息
5.lie
例句集錦
（1）The cat was lying fast asleep by the fire.
貓?zhí)稍跔t火旁睡得很熟。
（2）When I entered，he was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
我進(jìn)去時(shí)，他正和衣躺在床上。
（3）Snow was lying thick on the ground.
厚厚的積雪覆蓋大地。
（4）These machines have lain idle since the factory closed.
工廠關(guān)閉以來(lái)，這些機(jī)器就一直閑置著。
（5）The town lies on the coast.
這個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)位于海濱。
（6）Thompson is lying in the fourth place.
湯姆森名列第四。
（7）You could see from his face that he was lying.
從他的表情你可以看出來(lái)他在說(shuō)假話。
（8）She lies about her age.
她謊報(bào)自己的年齡。
（9）The camera cannot lie.
照相機(jī)不會(huì)作假。
用法歸納
*lie作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要義項(xiàng)為：躺著；位于；處于，保留，保持（某種狀態(tài)）；說(shuō)謊。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）lie down 躺下（休息或養(yǎng)�。�
I’ll go and lie down for a bit.I’m a little dizzy.
我去躺一會(huì)兒，我有點(diǎn)頭暈。
（2）lie with（責(zé)任等）在于
The fault lies with me.
錯(cuò)誤在我。
（3）give the lie to sth.證實(shí)……是虛假的；證明不實(shí)；揭穿謊言
These new figures give the lie to the belief that unemployment is going down.
這些新的資料表明失業(yè)率在下降的看法是不真實(shí)的。
特別提示
lie作“說(shuō)謊”講時(shí)，是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為 lied，lied；作其他意思講時(shí)，是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞為lay，lain。
6.compare
例句集錦
（1）Those present at the meeting compared the industry development in both countries.
與會(huì)者對(duì)兩個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)發(fā)展作了比較。
（2）We compared the two reports carefully.
我們仔細(xì)比較了兩個(gè)報(bào)告。
（3）It is interesting to compare their situation and ours.
把他們的狀況和我們的相比很有意思。
用法歸納
*compare（v.）的主要義項(xiàng)有：比較；相比
相關(guān)歸納
（1）compare A with B 把A與B相比較（指同類事物的具體比較）。
Compare John’s answer with Henry’s，which is better？
把約翰和亨利兩人的答案比較一下，哪個(gè)更好？
（2） compare A to B 把A比作B
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亞把世界比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)。
（3）compared to/with 與……比起來(lái)（常用作狀語(yǔ)，可位于句首或句末）
Compared to/with many people，she was indeed lucky.
和許多人比起來(lái)，她是幸運(yùn)的。
（4）compare with/to sb./sth.與……類似（或相似）
This school compares with the best in the country.
=This school is as good as the best in the country.
這所學(xué)校可與全國(guó)最好的學(xué)校相媲美。
This house doesn’t compare with our previous one.
這房子比不上我們以前的。
●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)
1.as...as possible 盡可能地……
例句集錦
We will mend your car as soon as possible.
=We will mend your car as soon as they can.
我們將盡早把你的車修好。
I’ll go to see you as often as possible.
=I’ll go to see you as often as I can.
我將會(huì)盡可能經(jīng)常地去看你的。
You should try to be as friendly as possible to each other.
你們彼此之間應(yīng)該盡可能地友好些。
特別提示
as...as possible 是as...as it is（was）possible的省略，其中的possible用作表語(yǔ)，不可用副詞possibly替代。
2.come about（某事）發(fā)生（=happen）
例句集錦
I don’t know how this thing came about.
我不知道這事是怎樣發(fā)生的。
Do you know how the phrase came about？
你知道這個(gè)成語(yǔ)是怎樣產(chǎn)生的嗎？
How did it come about that you didn’t report this to us in good time？
你怎么沒(méi)及時(shí)向我們報(bào)告？
3.forget to do sth.忘記去做……
forget doing sth.忘了做過(guò)……
例句集錦
Don’t forget to give my regards to them.
別忘了替我向他們問(wèn)好。
Take care，and don’t forget to write.要保重，別忘了寫信。
I forgot writing to him，so I wrote again.
=I forgot that I had written to him，so I wrote again.
我忘了已經(jīng)給他寫過(guò)信了，我又寫了一封。
用法歸納
forget to do sth.的意思是：忘了要做的事。
forget doing sth.的意思是：忘了已做的事或已發(fā)生的事。
具有相似用法的動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）還有：remember，regret等。
Remember to post the letters.
=Don’t forget to post the letters.
要記著去寄信。
I remember posting/having posted the letters.
=I posted the letters and I remember the actions.
我記得已把信寄了。
We regret to inform you that your account is overdrawn.
我們遺憾地通知你，你的賬戶已透支了。
I don’t regret telling her what I thought，even if it upset her.
我把想法告訴了她使她感到煩惱，但是我不后悔。
4.more or less大約；差不多，幾乎
例句集錦
That table is more or less two meters long.
那張桌子大約兩米長(zhǎng)。
I’ve more or less finished the book.
我差不多已經(jīng)讀完這本書了。
She could earn $200 a day，more or less.
她一天大約能掙200美元。
用法歸納
more or less是一個(gè)固定結(jié)構(gòu)，or不可換成and。more or less可以修飾數(shù)詞，意為“大約”；還可修飾動(dòng)詞、分詞、形容詞，意為“或多或少，差不多，幾乎”。通常放在系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，或放在動(dòng)詞之前，也可置于句末。
5.more than 超過(guò)；很；非常；不僅
例句集錦
That mountain is more than 1500 meters high.（=over）
這座山有1500多米高。
More than one person was invited.
接到邀請(qǐng)的不止一個(gè)人。
She is more than pleased with her daughter’s performance.（=very）
她對(duì)女兒的表演非常高興。
Bamboo is used for more than building.
=Bamboo is not only used for building.
竹子不僅僅可以用來(lái)蓋房子。
She was more than a little shaken by the experience.
這次經(jīng)歷對(duì)她產(chǎn)生了極大的震動(dòng)。
Music is more than just sound -it is a way of thinking.
音樂(lè)不僅僅是一種聲音 --它是一種思考的方式。
用法歸納
“more than+數(shù)詞+名詞”等于“over+數(shù)詞+名詞”，意為“超過(guò)”。more than用于修飾形容詞、名詞或動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要看作習(xí)語(yǔ)，意思是“不僅、很、非�！�。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）no more than 不超過(guò)
His whole school education added up to no more than one year.
他所受的學(xué)校教育加起來(lái)不超過(guò)一年。
（2）more A than B與其說(shuō)B不如說(shuō)A
She is more hardworking than wise.
與其說(shuō)她聰明不如說(shuō)她勤奮。
6.more and more 越來(lái)越……
例句集錦
More and more people are using the Internet.
越來(lái)越多的人在使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
He is getting fatter and fatter.
他越來(lái)越胖了。
She is becoming more and more interested in going into politics.
她對(duì)從政越來(lái)越感興趣了。
We’re walking more and more slowly.
我們?cè)阶咴铰恕?/p>
相關(guān)歸納
“the＋比較級(jí)...，the＋比較級(jí)...”相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的“越……，（就）越……”。該結(jié)構(gòu)表示兩個(gè)變化按比例同時(shí)遞增/減。前一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)為從屬分句，后一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)為主句。主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句（前一個(gè)“the＋比較級(jí)...”結(jié)構(gòu)）要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
The more you read，the more you’ll get.
你讀得越多，就收獲越大。
The sooner you start，the more quickly the work will be finished.
你開始得越早，工作就完成得越快。
The more difficult the problem is，the more interested he becomes.
題越難，他越感興趣。
7.bring in 吸引，引入；請(qǐng)……做，讓……參加；提出（新法案）；賺得，掙
例句集錦
They started to use English，but they also brought in some words from their own languages.
他們開始使用英語(yǔ)，但是他們也從本族語(yǔ)言中引入了一些單詞。
Experts were brought in to advise the government.
政府請(qǐng)來(lái)專家出謀劃策。
They want to bring in a bill to limit arms exports.
他們想提出一項(xiàng)限制武器出口的議案。
We need to bring in a lot more new business.
我們得吸引更多的新業(yè)務(wù)。
How much does she bring in now？
她現(xiàn)在掙多少錢？
相關(guān)歸納
（1）bring about導(dǎo)致；引起
What brought about the change in his attitude？
是什么使他改變了主意？
（2）bring back把……送回；歸還；使回憶起；恢復(fù)；重新使用
Please bring back all library books by the end of the week.
請(qǐng)?jiān)谥苣┣鞍褕D書館的書全部歸還。
The photographs brought back many of pleasant memories.
照片給人帶來(lái)很多美好的回憶。
Most people are against bringing back death penalty.
大多數(shù)人反對(duì)恢復(fù)死刑。
（3）bring down打垮；擊敗；降低；減少；（飛機(jī)）著陸；擊落
The scandal may bring down the government.
那件丑聞可能使政府垮臺(tái)。
We aim to bring down prices on all our computers.
我們打算降低我們所有計(jì)算機(jī)的價(jià)格。
The pilot managed to bring the plane down in the field.
飛行員設(shè)法將飛機(jī)降落在田里。
Twelve enemy fighters have been brought down.
有十二架敵方的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)被擊落。
●必背句型
1.so或neither（nor）引導(dǎo)的（倒裝）句型
教材原句
（1）Rock music is OK，and so is skiing.
搖滾樂(lè)很好，滑雪也不錯(cuò)。
（2）I don’t enjoy singing，nor do I like computers.
我不喜歡唱歌，也不喜歡計(jì)算機(jī)。
特別提示
1.“so+系動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞）+（與前句不同的）主語(yǔ)”表示前句中的肯定情況也適用于另一人或物。so代替上文中的動(dòng)作或概念，表示“也是這樣，也是如此”。注意：兩句中應(yīng)使用同類助動(dòng)詞且應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)一致。
2.“neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞）+（與前句相同的）主語(yǔ)”表示連續(xù)的否定。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）She can speak French and so can her husband.
=She can speak French and her husband can speak French，too.
她會(huì)講法語(yǔ)，她的丈夫也會(huì)。
I have lost a bike and so has he.
= I have lost a bike and he has also lost one.
我丟了一輛自行車，他也丟了一輛。
（2）I don’t know where he has gone，nor do I care about.
我不知道他去哪里了，我也不關(guān)心。
相關(guān)歸納
（1）-I have never been to America.
我從未去過(guò)美國(guó)。
-Neither/Nor have I.（=I haven’t been to America，either.）
我也從未去過(guò)。
特別提示
“neither/nor+系動(dòng)詞（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞）+（與前句不同的）主語(yǔ)”表示前句中的否定情況也適用于另一人或物；由于neither/nor是否定詞，所以不能再使用not。
（2004年江蘇卷，21）I will never know what was on his mind at the time，nor will anyone else.
我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道當(dāng)時(shí)他心里是怎么想的，其他人也不會(huì)知道。
（2）-Tom likes playing basketball but he can’t play well.
湯姆喜歡打籃球，但他打得不好。
-So it is with me.（=I like playing basketball，too，but I can’t play well，either.）
我的情況與他相同。
特別提示
前句表述的某人或某物情況復(fù)雜，無(wú)法使用so或neither（nor）引導(dǎo)的倒裝句型表達(dá)另一人或物情況相同，則用It is/was with sb./sth.。
-He is an honest worker and works hard.
他是一位誠(chéng)實(shí)的工人，而且工作很賣力。
-So it is with you.
你也是這樣的。
（3）-She can speak French.她會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。
-So she can.（=You are right.She can speak French.）
她確實(shí)會(huì)講法語(yǔ)。
特別提示
“So+（與前句相同的）主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞”表示贊同，so譯為“確實(shí)”，主謂不倒裝。
2.so...that 如此……以至于……
教材原句
Chuck is a businessman who is always so busy that he has little time for his friends.
查克是個(gè)商人，他太忙了以至于很少有時(shí)間與朋友交往。
特別提示
so+adj./adv.+that...表示“如此……以至于”，that可省略；當(dāng)so和它所修飾的形容詞或副詞放在句首時(shí)，主句倒裝。
特別提示
補(bǔ)充例句
The weather was so fine that the children all went out，playing in the sun.
天氣很好，孩子們都出去在陽(yáng)光下玩耍。
So interesting is the book that I want to read it again.
=The book is so interesting that I want to read it again.
這本書太有趣了，我想再看一遍。
相關(guān)歸納
There are so many mistakes in your article that I can’t understand the meaning.
你的文章里錯(cuò)誤百出，以致我無(wú)法看懂文意。
特別提示
在so...that句型中也可以使用名詞，結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
（1）so+few/many+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+that
（2）so+little/much+不可數(shù)名詞+that
（3）so+adj.+a（n）+名詞+that=such+a（n）+adj.+名詞+that
It was so cold a day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
=It was such a cold day that the ice in the river was nearly two feet thick.
天氣太冷了，河里的冰有兩英尺厚。
There was so much water in the river that we couldn’t swim across it.
河里的水太多了，我們游不過(guò)去。
3.should have done sth.過(guò)去應(yīng)該干某事
教材原句
He also learns that he should have cared more about his friends.
他還明白了他以前應(yīng)該多關(guān)心朋友。
特別提示
should have done表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”，含有責(zé)備的意味。
shouldn’t have done表示“過(guò)去不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際上做了”，也含有責(zé)備的意味。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）You should have come here yesterday.
你昨天應(yīng)該到這里來(lái)。
（2）I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
明天我將告訴瑪麗她的新工作。
（2004年福建卷，32）You should have told her last week.
你上周就該告訴她。
（3）He shouldn’t have gone without telling us.
他不應(yīng)該不告訴我們就走了。
（4）I shouldn’t have yelled at you that way.
我不該那樣對(duì)你大喊大叫。
4.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型及其各種結(jié)構(gòu)
教材原句
What is it that Joe can’t find in the bathroom？
喬在浴室里找不到的是什么？
特別提示
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的結(jié)構(gòu)如下：
（1）基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who +其余部分
（2）被強(qiáng)調(diào)句子是一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：“Is/Was it＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who ＋其他部分（用陳述語(yǔ)序）？”
（3）被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是特殊疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：“疑問(wèn)詞＋is/was ＋that＋其他部分（陳述語(yǔ)序）？”
（4）強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞性從句引導(dǎo)詞時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)：“引導(dǎo)詞＋it is/was＋that＋從句其他部分”。
（5）對(duì)not...until結(jié)構(gòu)中until部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)，not需要放在被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分，句式為：“It is/was not until...that＋主句部分（用肯定形式）”。
補(bǔ)充例句
（1）It was we that/who had a meeting in the meeting room yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午是我們?cè)跁?huì)議室開的會(huì)。
It was in the meeting room that we had a meeting yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我們是在會(huì)議室開的會(huì)。
（2）Is it tomorrow that you will go to see him？
你是準(zhǔn)備明天去看他嗎？
Was it in the meeting room that you held the meeting yesterday afternoon？
你們昨天是在會(huì)議室開的會(huì)嗎？
（3）Where was it that you held the meeting？
你們是在哪里開的會(huì)？
When is it that you will go to see him？
你準(zhǔn)備在什么時(shí)間去看他？
（4）I don’t know what it was that he said at the meeting.
我不知道他在會(huì)上講了什么。
He asked where it was that you held the meeting.
他問(wèn)你們是在哪里開的會(huì)。
（5）It was not until you told me that I knew what he said at the meeting.
直到你告訴我，我才知道他在會(huì)上講了什么。
It was not until midnight that he went back home after the experiment.
直到午夜他才做完實(shí)驗(yàn)回到家里。
疑難突破
1.match，suit，fit
match多指大小、色調(diào)、形狀、性質(zhì)等方面的搭配。
suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、條件、地位等。
fit多指尺寸、形狀合適，引申為吻合，協(xié)調(diào)。
應(yīng)用
（1）His clothes don’t ______ his age.
（2）Does the time ______ you？
（3）The new coat ______ her well.It is neither too big nor too small.
（4）Which day ______ you，Saturday or Sunday？
答案：（1）match （2）suit （3）fits （4）suits
2.alone，lonely
（1）詞性：alone可以作形容詞和副詞；lonely只能作形容詞。
（2）用法：作形容詞時(shí)，alone只能作表語(yǔ)，有時(shí)作賓補(bǔ)，不能作定語(yǔ)；lonely可以作表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。alone不能用very修飾，而要說(shuō)much alone，或very much alone。
（3）詞義：作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，alone的意思是“獨(dú)自一人”，指的是客觀情況；lonely的意思是“寂寞”，指的是主觀感覺(jué)。
（4）固定結(jié)構(gòu)：leave/let sb./sth.alone 聽任；別打擾；let alone更不用說(shuō)。
應(yīng)用
（1）He feels ______ though he has two brothers.
（2）The old man lives in a ______ house in the forest ______.
（3）When he woke up，he found himself ______ in the room.
（4）Though he is ______ at home，he doesn’t feel______，for he has many things to do.
（5）The baby can’t walk，let ______ run.
（6）Leave the machine ______.It’s dangerous.
答案：（1）lonely （2）lonely，alone （3）alone （4）alone，lonely （5）alone （6）alone
3.although，though
（1）一般情況下，兩者可換用（although多用于句首）。
（2）所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句放在主句前，從句中用部分倒裝時(shí)，用though（=as）。
（3）只能說(shuō)as though（=as if）；even though（=even if）。
（4）though可用作副詞，放在句末或句中，表示“然而、不過(guò)”，although不可。
應(yīng)用
（1）______ they tried hard，they didn’t finish the work on time.
（2）They didn’t stop to have a rest ______ they were tired.
（3）He speaks English as ______ he were an Englishman.
（4）Even ______ he didn’t tell me anything about it，I know the whole thing.
（5）Child ______he is，he knows a lot about computers.
（6）He said he would help me with my English； he didn’t，______.
答案：（1）Although/Though （2）though/although （3）though （4）though （5）though （6）though
4.besides，except，except for，except that
besides意為“除……之外，尚有……或外加……”。
except將一個(gè)或幾個(gè)人或物從同一類或普通的種類中除外，意為“除……之外”，指“不包括……”。其后可接名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式或wh-從句。
except for說(shuō)明整個(gè)基本情況后，對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)加以糾正，后接名詞。
except that的用法基本同except for，但其后必須接句子。它用來(lái)表示理由或細(xì)節(jié)，修正前面所說(shuō)的情況。
應(yīng)用
（1）We all succeeded ______Tom，so he is also glad.
（2）We all succeeded ______Tom，so he is very sad.
（3）He is a good man，______hot temper.
（4）Your article is quite good ______ there are several spelling mistakes.
（5）Your article is quite good ______several spelling mistakes.
答案：（1）besides （2）except （3）except for （4）except that （5）except for
5.a number of，the number of
a number of只能用作定語(yǔ)，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“許多；若干”（=many）。number前可用large，small等修飾詞。當(dāng)它修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與它修飾的主語(yǔ)一致。
the number of 的意思是“……的數(shù)量；號(hào)碼”。當(dāng)它與后面的名詞連用時(shí)，中心詞是the number。如果用作主語(yǔ)，即使后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)也要用單數(shù)。
應(yīng)用
（1）______ trees planted in our village is never under 200 every year.
（2）We have lived here for ______ years.
（3）______ jobless people grows in the country at present.
（4）______ students are playing football on the playground.
（5）______ students in our class is over 70.
答案：（1）The number of （2）a number of （3）The number of （4）A number of （5）The number of
典例剖析
【例1】 （2005年春季北京，29）The Internet has brought______big changes in the way we work.
A.about B.out C.back D.up
剖析：本題考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。bring about導(dǎo)致，引起；bring out說(shuō)明，闡明，出版；bring back把……送回，歸還，使回憶起，恢復(fù)，重新使用；bring up撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)，提起，提出。bring about符合句意，故選A。全句意思為：“因特網(wǎng)給我們工作的方式帶來(lái)了很大的變化�！�
答案：A
【例2】（2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ，26）-How about eight o’clock outside the cinema？
-That ______ me fine.
A.fits B.meets C.satisfies D.suits
剖析：本題考查動(dòng)詞的辨析。從語(yǔ)境看，對(duì)話的內(nèi)容是在討論見面的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)，B、C兩項(xiàng)意思不合適：meet的意思為“滿足……的要求”時(shí)，后跟名詞，不跟人稱代詞，例如：meet one’s wishes（滿足某人的愿望）；satisfy作“滿足某人的需要，使?jié)M足”解時(shí)，帶賓語(yǔ)，但是后不再跟修飾語(yǔ)；fit指“（大小、形狀）合適”；suit意為“適合……的要求；對(duì)……方便”，后跟人稱代詞。從語(yǔ)境看，答話人對(duì)問(wèn)話人所定的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)感到適合、方便，故選D。
答案：D
【例3】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，27）Mr White ______ at 8:30 for the meeting，but he didn’t show up.
A.should have arrived B.should arrive
C.should have had arrived D.should be arriving
剖析：后句表明他沒(méi)到達(dá)，因此選A項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閟hould have done可以表示“過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”，這與前句意思相符。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)。C項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)搭配錯(cuò)誤。
答案：A
【例4】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，32）-I would never come to this restaurant again.The food is terrible!
-______.
A.Nor am I B.Neither would I C.Same with me D.So do I
剖析：由于前句表達(dá)的是否定意思，首先排除D項(xiàng)；“Neither＋助動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與前句的助動(dòng)詞保持一致，因此排除A項(xiàng)； C項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤。故選B。
答案：B
【例5】 （2004年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ，35）I do every single bit of housework ______ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A.since B.while C.when D.as
剖析：全句意為：“幾乎所有的家務(wù)活都是我干的，而我的丈夫Bob只是偶爾洗洗盤子�！惫蔬xB。句中while表示對(duì)比，意為“而；然而”（=but）。此外，while還可表示：（1）雖然；盡管（=although）。（2）當(dāng)……的時(shí)候。
答案：B
補(bǔ)充：
【例1】 （2004年春季上海，35）I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon.Do you have anything ______？
A.to be buying B.to buy C.for buying D.bought
剖析：have用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，作“有”講時(shí)，其賓語(yǔ)后可用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，本題就需要?jiǎng)釉~不定式作定語(yǔ)。全句意思是：“今天下午我去超市買東西，你有什么要買的嗎？”
答案：B
【例2】 -David has made great progress recently.
-______ and ______.
A.So he has；so you have B.So he has；so have you
C.So has he；so have you D.So has he；so you have
剖析：本題的精巧之處在于將so的兩種用法置于同一語(yǔ)境中。本題的意思是：“大衛(wèi)最近取得了很大進(jìn)步�！薄八侨〉昧诉M(jìn)步，你也取得了很大進(jìn)步�！�
答案：B
【例3】 （2002年高考上海，32）-You forgot your purse when you went out.
-Good heavens，______.
A.so did I B.so I did C.I did so D.I so did
剖析：本題考查副詞so的意義和用法。正確解答本題的關(guān)鍵是要弄清兩句話的主語(yǔ)是同一人。
“So+（與前句相同的）主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞”表示贊同，so意為“確實(shí)”。而 “So+助動(dòng)詞+（與前句不同的）主語(yǔ)”表示上文說(shuō)某人做了某事，下文說(shuō)“另一個(gè)人”也做了某事。故不可選A項(xiàng)，應(yīng)選B。
答案：B