第12周 星 期 一 5 月 9 日 總 第 課 時(shí)
課 題 Unit 19 Modern agriculture
Warming up & listening
目 的
要 求 Enable students to predict the content and catch the main idea of the specified listening materials.
重 點(diǎn)
難 點(diǎn) Let students understand the relationship between agricultural production and environment protection through listening.
How to understand the material about agriculture.
教學(xué)過程:
Step1. warming up
一. Look at the graph and try to answer the following questions.
1. Which farm product grew most during the first five years of the 1990s?
Fruit
2. How much did it grow compared with that during the second half of the 1980s?
84%
3. Which grew least?
Grain
4. If three million pigs, sheep and cattle were raised during the years from 1986 to 1990, how many were raised from 1991 to 1995?
4.95 million
二. Discuss the following questions in the text book.
1. How are people’s eating habits changing over the years?
The most significant changes are from a diet mainly based on rice and vegetables to a diet that still includes rice, with a greater variety in vegetables and a considerable quantity of meat.
Why do you think this happens?
(1). People are earning more money, so they want to buy and eat more meat.
(2). People learn more about healthy food, so they want to eat more fruit.
(3). Fruit juices are healthier than soft drinks such as cola, so people want to drink more juices.
(4). Fish is good to health, and it is said that it can make people become clever. And eating fish won’t make people fat.
(5). In order to taste good, people like to fry food. And it needs more oil.
2. How has agricultural produce changed during these years?
China now produces almost 80% more fish and fruit than twenty years ago. The produce of meat over the same period has increased by 60%. Oil and sugar are up about 30% each. Grain and cotton are up 10 and 15% respectively.
What do you think caused these changes?
(1). People want to buy different produces, so farmers need to grow different things.
(2). Farmers can make more money by growing fruits or fish farming than growing grain.
3. What effects do you think the changes in eating habits will have on agriculture or nature?
It may have both good and bad effects on nature.
(1). First, Chinese people are eating more meat. Next, farmers have to raise more pigs, sheep and cattle. So, more grass is needed to feed more sheep and cattle. So, farmers need more grassland. Then, people may cut down trees to take more land on which to grow grass.
(2). They also may destroy nature to get more land to grow grain and grass to feed animals.
(3). If farmers want to grow different crops, they would plant them together. This can be very good for the soil.
(4). Farmers can make full use of land to grow fruits in the places where other crops can’t be planted.
Step 2 Listening
1. Explain what they are expected to do.
2. Learn some words and phrases in the listening material.
drought 旱災(zāi) dike 堤壩 environmental problems 環(huán)境問題 move on遷移 result in = lead to fish pond 魚池 go against 違反
3. Listen to the tape for more than three times.
4. Check the answer.
Step 3. Home work
1. Dictation
1.produce 2. depend on 3. import 4. technique 5. protection 6. depend on 7. production 8. technical 9. modernize 10. seed
2. Prepare speaking
第12周 星 期 二 5 月１０ 日 總 第 課 時(shí)
課 題 Pre-reading & reading
目 的
要 求 Let students have a general knowledge about agriculture, it’s history and recent technological development.
Develop the students’ creative thinking ability.
重 點(diǎn)
難 點(diǎn) How to build associations between English and biology or other subjects and try to express freely their own ideas.
教學(xué)過程:
Step 1. pre-reading
1. Look at the pictures in the text book and describe what they see.
(1).We can see a child and a woman and two chicken. And the woman is sitting in front of the house, feeding the chicken.
The picture below shows a large house in which thousands of chicken fed in small cages.
(2).The second picture shows a pile of animal manure.
The picture below shows a bag of chemical fertilizer.
(3).We can see that a farmer is working on the farmland with two cattle. The cattle pull the plough to work the land.
The picture below shows a tractor. And we can see the farmers are using the tractor to work the land.
(4). The fourth picture shows dry, barren land. The earth is too dry to plant anything.
The picture below shows a greenhouse, where plants grow in a building made of glass or plastic.
2. Compare traditional and modern farming.
(1) small scale & large scale
(2) natural fertiliser & chemical fertiliser
(3) animals & machines
(4) open air & greenhouse
2. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each way?
參見教參Ｐ１６４
4. What other changes have happened on farms in the last 100 years?
Over the past 100 years there have been some changes on farms and in agriculture:
The use of machines, the use of chemical fertilizers, the use of insect killers, the use of food supplements in animal feed, the growth of the farms( bigger farms), doing the work with workers who are not part of the family, growing different crops, etc.
Step 2. Reading
Read the text quickly and try to answer following questions.
1. What’s the biggest problem to Chinese farmers?
The shortage of arable land.
2. What does GM mean?
“G” stands for “genetically”
“M” stands for “modified”3. New techniques and innovations in agriculture
chemical fertilizers, pumps for irrigation, special seedbeds, machines (eg tractors), international exchange, greenhouses, GM technique
4. Do “T” or “F” according the text
(1). No advanced technical information was brought in from abroad before the 1980s. F
(2).Scientists have always tried to increase farming production without harming the environment since the early 1990s. T
(3).Traditional methods of farming have no advantages so they won’t be used in future agriculture. F
(4).The average arable land for each Chinese is much less than that of the world. T
(5). Growing vegetables in greenhouses has so many advantages that it can reduce losses caused by bad weather and that it can partly settle the problem of the shortage of arable land. T
(6). GM is a new technique that can make a plant quite different from what it used to be, bigger and healthier and with no diseases, but it takes longer time to grow. F
(7). The GM technique can only be used on plants, but not on animals at the present time. F
Step 3. post-reading
Read the text again and do exercise 1
Step 4. Homework
1. Exercise 2 in post-reading
2. Word study and vocabulary in workbook
3. Read the text frequently
第12周 星 期 三 5 月１１ 日 總 第 課 時(shí)
課 題 Reading
Modern agriculture
目 的
要 求 Learn some important language points.
Learn to analysis sentence structure.
重 點(diǎn)
難 點(diǎn) It is /was …that (who)… protect … from…
Not only is ….but also… be known as
be friendly to in other words
教學(xué)過程：
Step1. Reading
一. Listen to the tape paragraph by paragraph
二. Explain the language points paragraph by paragraph
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：It + be + 強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+ that (人物可用who/whom)加句子其他部分，特征：把It is / was ……that….結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，剩下部分能整理成完整的一句話，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句．
Lucy went to China last year.
It was Lucy who/that went to China last year.
It was China that Lucy went to last year.
It was last year that Lucy went to China.
2.as …… as possible 盡可能……
as much / many / early / soon/ cheap … as possible
e.g. Stay here as long as possible.
3. where possible 是 where ( it is) possible 的省略結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. Go to places where necessary.
Come to see me when possible.
We will go there next week if possible.
4. bring in 引進(jìn)
e.g. We should bring in new technology.
5. be friendly to 對…..友善／有利
e.g. He is very friendly to me.
It is friendly to our work.
be friendly to 與 be harmful to / be bad for 相對應(yīng)，與be good for 相一致
6. depend on 取決于，依靠
e.g. Whether you can study English well depends on how hard you study.
7. not only …but also
如果將not only 放在句首，這時(shí)not only 所在的分句需要部分倒裝
Not only do we learn Chinese but also we learn English.
由not only… but also 連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式按就近一致原則，與貼近它的主語一致．
8.protect … from…保護(hù)……免受…
She wears sunglasses to protect her eyes from sun.
9. no matter 不管，無論，常與副詞when, where, how, who, what, which等特殊疑問詞連用，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句．可與 whatever, whenever, wherever, however 等替換，但wh-ever還可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句．
e.g. No matter where (wherever) you are , I will be right here waiting for you.
You can choose whatever you like.
Whoever leaves last must close the door.
10. be known as 被稱為，以……知名，后接身份、職業(yè)的名詞。主語與as的賓語構(gòu)成主表關(guān)系。
e.g. He is known as a great scientist.
be known for 以…..而聞名
be known to 為……所知，強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語了解或熟知主語
e.g. He is known to everyone as a good doctor. 人人都知道他是個(gè)好醫(yī)生。
11. in other words 換句話說，用語插入語，常對前面所說的話進(jìn)行解釋
e.g. The doctor succeeded in her operation, in other words, he gave her a second life.
12. a variety of 多種多樣的，各種各樣的＝various
e.g. She sells a variety of flower.= She sells various flower.
Step2. Homework
1.dictation
1. modify 2 golden 3. tobacco 4. method 5. shortage 6. greenhouse
7. discovery 8.insect 9. gardening 10. root
2. vocabulary
3. grammar
第12周 星 期 四 5 月１2 日 總 第 課 時(shí)
課 題 Check exercise
Work study & vocabulary
目 的
要 求 Review the language points learned in last class.
掌握倒裝語序
了解構(gòu)詞法
重 點(diǎn)
難 點(diǎn) 倒裝語序:部分倒裝，全部倒裝
not only …but also
only….
教學(xué)過程:
Step1. Dictation
1. modify 2 golden 3. tobacco 4. method 5. shortage 6. greenhouse
7. discovery 8.insect 9. gardening 10. root
Step2. Continue explain language points in the text.(見上教案)
Step3. Check exercise
1. Word study
Noun Verb Adjective
Fertiliser fertilise fertile
Production produce productive
Protection protect protected
Modification modify modified
2. vocabulary
(1) go against , take care of , in other words, over time, depend on, be short of , protect from, be known as, be different from, keep up with, a variety of, research into
(2).Join each pair of sentences using the phrases given in brackets.
A. Future agriculture should depend on high technology as well as traditional methods.
B. Not only food production, but taking care of the environment is also important.
C. The farmers are working hard to improve the quality as well as the quantity of the crops.
D. The book does not only talk about farming but also about gardening.
倒裝
1. 部分倒裝：部分倒裝是謂語中的一部分（如助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)詞或系動(dòng)詞be）放在主語前面，其余部分仍在主語后面。
e.g. Only in this way can we work out the physics problem
Not only is he a singer, but also he is a dancer.
Not only…but also…如果連接兩個(gè)句子，則第一個(gè)句子倒裝，第二個(gè)句子不倒裝
Not only…but also…如果連接的是兩個(gè)主語，句子不倒裝
e.g. Not only food production , but also taking care of the environment is important.
Not only I but also my elder sister is a teacher.
2. 全部倒裝：全部倒裝是句子中沒有助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，要把謂語動(dòng)詞防在主語的前面。
e.g. Here comes the bus.
Step 4. Homework
1. Grammar on page 47-8, 109-110
2. 優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)
第12周 星 期 五 5 月１3 日 總 第 課 時(shí)
課 題 Grammar
目 的
要 求
掌握強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 it is /was ….that/ who/ whom….的用法
強(qiáng)化練習(xí)，鞏固所學(xué)知識
重 點(diǎn)
難 點(diǎn)
It + be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+ that (人物可用who/whom)+其他成分。
It is / was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that +其他成分
教學(xué)過程:
Step1. Grammar
1. 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：It + be + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分+ that (人物可用who/whom)+其他成分。
E.g. It was I who/ that broke the glass yesterday. (強(qiáng)調(diào)主語)
It is me whom / that you should help.(強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語)
It was in the classroom that he told me the news. (強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語)
It is tomorrow that we will go to Shanghai.(強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)
It is by bus that Tom often goes to school.（強(qiáng)調(diào)方式狀語）
It was in order to catch the first bus that he got up earlier.(強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語)
It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school yesterday.(強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句)
只能強(qiáng)調(diào)because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，不能引導(dǎo)since, as 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，因這兩個(gè)詞表示的語氣較弱。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句的反意疑問句須與主句保持一致
e.g. It was at nine last night that I knew the news, wasn’t it?
此句型不能用來強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語，表語，定語；強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語用do, does, did
It is a student that she is.錯(cuò)句
that, who, whom之后動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要與它前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)的名詞或代詞一致（即人稱和數(shù)要與原句中的一致）。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的事態(tài)只用兩種，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。原句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)和過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，用It was……其余的時(shí)態(tài)用It is….。
特征：把It is / was ……that….結(jié)構(gòu)去掉，剩下部分能整理成完整的一句話，則為強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
It is clear that not all boys like football.(IT做形式主語，引導(dǎo)的主語從句)
It is / was not until +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that +其他成分
e.g. He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.
It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed.
注意：因?yàn)榫湫虸t was / is not …已經(jīng)是否定句了，that 后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句。
Not…until…句型與強(qiáng)調(diào)句以及倒裝句的轉(zhuǎn)換
e.g. Li Ming didn’t watch TV until he finished his homework.
It was not until Li Ming finished his homework that he watched TV.
Not until Li Ming finished his homework did he watch TV.
e.g. The bus will not go until all the people get on it.
Not until all the people get on it that the bus will go.
Not until all the people get on it will the bus go.
Step 2. check exercises
Exercise1
1. It is the children who often help their parents do the farm work.
2. It was in 1993 that a tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before.
3. It is the shortage of arable land that is the biggest problem of Chinese farmers.
4. It is the plants grown in the greenhouses that are protected from the wind, rain and insects.
5. It is high technology as well as traditional methods that future agriculture should depend on.
Exercise2
1. It was Henry who gave George a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was to George that Henry gave a new tie for his birthday last year.
It was a new tie that Henry gave George for his birthday last year.
It was last year that Henry gave George a new tie for his birthday.
2. It was during that period of time that they made three important discoveries.
It was three important discoveries that they made during that period of time.
It was they who made three important discoveries during that period of time.
3. It is in South America that some people still practise this kind of farming.
It is some people in South America who still practise this kind of farming.
It is this kind of farming that some people in South America still practise.
Step 3. Homework
1. Dictation
1. remove 2. condition 3. and so on 4. guide 5. sunflower
6. proverb 7. firstly 8. wisdom 9. sunset 10 practical
2. Preview intergrading skills
3. 優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)剩余部分
第12周 星 期 六 5 月１４ 日 總 第 課 時(shí)
課 題 Integrating skills
目 的
要 求 Learn some reading skills :scanning, skimming
Learn some useful expressions
重 點(diǎn)
難 點(diǎn) have a long history; give advice on; give instructions for; be useful for
do things at the right time of the year; go against nature;
教學(xué)過程：
Step1. Dictation
1. remove 2. condition 3. and so on 4. guide 5. sunflower
6. proverb 7. firstly 8. wisdom 9. sunset 10 practical
Step2. Integrating skills
1. The brief introduction of Jia Sixie
賈思勰是我國南北朝時(shí)期杰出的農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)家．他編的《齊民要術(shù)》是一部內(nèi)容豐富、規(guī)模巨大的農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)技術(shù)著作。《齊民要術(shù)》分為１０卷，共９２篇，１１萬字。內(nèi)容包括農(nóng)作物的栽培，各種經(jīng)濟(jì)林木的生產(chǎn)，以及各種野生植物的利用等等。
2. Listen to the tape
3. Discuss what advice Jia Sixie gave to farmers.
(1). Farmers should do things at the right time of the year.
(2). Farmers should examine the soil carefully.
(3). If the condition of the soil is not good, farmers should improve it.
(4). Before sowing or planting crops, farmers should clean rough ground and remove weeds.
(5). Farmers should let sleep or cattle walk on the land before sowing or planting crops.
(6). Farmers should plough the land, so weeds are destroyed.
(7). When ploughing the land, farmers should plough deep the first time and less deep the second time.
(8). Farmers will get the best results if they change crops in their fields.
(9). If farmers plant rice in a field one year, and wheat in that field the following year, they will harvest good crops.
(10). If farmers plant wheat close together, they will have better results than when they plant wheat leaving space between the plants.
(11). It is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.
4. the useful expression in the text.
have a long history; be useful for; discover the wisdom;
live in the sixth century AD; plant wheat close together
spend time on research into; collect information; do experiments;
learn from the experiences of; give advice on; grow green vegetables;
keep cows; give instructions for; make wine; be a practical guide to ;
do things at the right time of the year;
go against nature; clean rough ground, remove weeds
reach the best harvest
plan rice year after year
5. Explain the language points in the text.
(1). go against 違背，不利于
e.g. We should not go against school rules.
(2). raise, keep, support, feed
這四者均有“撫養(yǎng)，養(yǎng)家，贍養(yǎng)”之意
Ａ.raise, keep 撫養(yǎng)人；飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物；種植、栽培農(nóng)作物
e.g. He made a living by keeping / raising pigs.
B. support 養(yǎng)活人口，不用于飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物
e.g. You should support your parents.
C. feed喂養(yǎng)、飼養(yǎng)，指具體的喂養(yǎng)動(dòng)作
e.g. He fed meat to his dog.
(3).year after year 年復(fù)一年，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的重復(fù)性，不發(fā)生變化
e.g. We go to Shanghai year after year.
year by year 年年，每年，主要強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的漸變過程，要發(fā)生變化
e.g. The number of students is increasing year by year.
(4) close ,adj. 相近的、知心的
She is my close friend.
Close, adv. 接近，靠近
They sat down close together.
Close to….靠近…..（地方）
I sat close to the door.
(5). Next to 在…..旁邊，緊挨著；次于，幾乎
e.g. I sat next to him.+
(6). At the right time of the year.
At the correct time of the year
At the wrong time of the year
Step 3. check exercise in workbook
1. It was to find happiness that a pretty princess from Heaven secretly came to earth.
2. It was her excellent waving skills that the villagers admired.
3. It was for a few years that the family lived peacefully and happily.
4. It was her grandmother who ordered her to leave at once.
5. It is each year on the seventh day of the seventh month that all the magpies in the world form a bridge so that Niu Lang and Zhi Nu may enjoy a short get-together.
Step4. Homework
1. 優(yōu)化學(xué)習(xí)完形填空及閱讀，改錯(cuò)
2. 報(bào)紙
3. 復(fù)習(xí)本單元，星期一晚上抽查本單元語言知識
4. 星期二晚自習(xí)考試