教學目標：掌握Unit 2語法定語從句

教學重難點：

掌握介詞＋關系代詞引導的定語從句

掌握關系副詞引導的定語從句

（一）定語從句復習

用定語從句把下列句子連接成一個句子

1. The book is mine. He is reading the book.

The book (which/that) he is reading is mine.

2. I like the girl. The girl is wearing a red skirt.

I like the girl who is wearing a red skirt.

3. She is the student. We saw her yesterday.

She is the student (who/whom/that) we saw yesterday.

4. The athlete is a famous runner. You talked to him.

The athlete who you talked to is a famous runner.

5. I have lost the book. He gave me it yesterday.

I have lost the book (which/that) he gave me yesterday.

6. I have seen the film. You talked it about last night.

I have seen the film (which/that) you talked about last night.

7. I threw the chair. Its legs are broken.

I threw the chair whose legs are broken.

介詞＋關系代詞引導的定語從句

用定語從句把下列句子連接成一個句子

1. This is the teacher. We’ve learned a lot from her.

This is the teacher (whom/who/that) we’ve learned a lot from.

This is the teacher from whom we’ve learned a lot.

2. The policeman is a friend of mine. Mr Henry is talking with him in the office.

The policeman (who/that/whom) Mr Henry is talking with in the office is a friend of mine.

The policeman with whom Mr Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine.

3. The ladder began to slip. I was standing on the ladder.

The ladder (which/that) I was standing on began to slip.

The ladder on which I was standing began to slip.

4. Great changes are taking place in the city. They live in the city.

Great changes are taking place in the city (which/that) they live in.

Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.

5. This is the library. I borrowed Harry Potter from this library.

This is the library (which/that) I borrowed Harry Potter from.

This is the library from which I borrowed Harry Potter.

總結：關系代詞在從句中作賓語時，介詞可提至關系代詞前，構成“介詞＋which/whom從句”結構。注意：

（1）介詞提前時，關系代詞不可省略；

（2）介詞提前時，只能用“介詞+which”（指事物）以及“介詞+whom”（指人）結構，此時不能用that或who。

（3）當關系代詞作look after, look for, take care of等不能拆開使用的短語動詞的賓語時，介詞不能提前。

eg. 這是我們進行了很多討論的問題。

This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion.

我跟他說話的那個人是個老師。

The man to whom I spoke is a teacher.

關系代詞前介詞的確定

1. 動詞與介詞的搭配

e.g. The city ________ which I live is a beautiful one.

2. 形容詞與介詞的固定搭配

e.g. You’d better not bring your child to see the animals ______ which he is afraid.

3. 先行詞與介詞的搭配習慣

e.g. 1949 was the year_________ which the P.R.C. was founded.

KEY: in, of, in

［典型例題］

1. The sun gives us heat and light, ________ we can’t live.

答案：without which We can’t live without the heat and the light. 意為我們離開了光和熱就不能生存。指物用which

2. The student ________ we were talking just now is the best student in our class.

答案：about whom talk about sb談論某人，指人用whom

3. I’ll never forget the day _____ she said goodbye to me.

答案：on which She said goodbye to me on the day. 指物用which

4. Who can give me the reason ______ he hasn’t turned up yet?

答案：for which reason固定與介詞for搭配。指物用which

5. Is that the newspaper __________you often write articles?

答案：for which write articles for the newspaper意為為報刊寫文章。指物用which

6. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms______________ I’m not sure.

答案：about which I’m not sure about the idioms. 意為不確定的習語。指物用which

（三）關系副詞when, where, why的用法

1. Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.

Great changes are taking place in the city where they live.

2. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.

1949 was the year when the P.R.C. was founded.

3. Who can give me the reason for which he hasn’t turned up yet?

Who can give me the reason why he hasn’t turned up yet?

關系副詞都等于一個適當的介詞＋which，在從句中作狀語

1. when在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當于“介詞+ 關系代詞（which）”。

I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.= I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the league.2. where在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當于“介詞+ 關系代詞（which）”。

This is the house where I lived two years ago.

= This is the house in which I lived two years ago.3. why在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當于“介詞for+ 關系代詞（which）”。

Do you know the reason why she was late?= Do you know the reason for which she was late.

when=in/at/on/…+which;

where=in/at/on/…+which;

why=for /…+which

注：區分關系副詞與關系代詞的區別。只要在定語從句中擔任狀語的，就是關系副詞。

你還記得我們一起去參觀博物館的那一天嗎？

Do you still remember the day when (on which) we went to visit the museum together?

這是我父親曾經工作過的工廠。

This is the factory where (in which) my father once worked.

這就是他憤怒的理由。

This is the reason why (for which) he was angry.

關系副詞引導的定語從句

作用：

1、在定語從句中替代先行詞。

2、在從句中擔任狀語成分，起副詞和介詞短語的作用。

3、起連接作用，把兩個句子連接成為一個帶有定語從句的主從復合句。

關系詞

關系代詞 Who 人 主/賓

Whom 人 賓

Which 物 主/賓

That 人或物 主/賓/表

關系副詞 Whose 人或物 定語

Where 地點

狀語

When 時間

Why 原因

【典型例題】

1、The continent _____ I visited last year was not the one ____ I once worked.

A. which; where B. which; which

C. where; which D. where; where

答案：A這里有兩個定語從句，第一個是_______ I visited last year，先行詞為continent,這里缺少關系詞，關系詞在從句中做賓語，所以用which；第二個定語從句是_______ I once worked，這里的關系詞在從句中做狀語而不是賓語，因為我們不能說I worked the one(the continent)，所以用where。所以選A。

【模擬試題】

I. 用適當的介詞和關系代詞填空

1. This is the house _________ I was born on a rainy evening.

2. The table _________ we often have lunch is being painted.

3. Is the girl your friend __________ you shook hands just now?

4. The accident __________ the paper wrote is really a serious one.

5. The young should never forget the day ________ the Communist Party of China was founded.

6. The pen _________ I wrote the letter just now is gone.

7. There is a very big tree in the village _________ the villagers often have meetings in summer.

8. I don't like the way ___________ she cook the fish.

9. I can't find the gold ring __________ I spent 100 dollars.

10. The traffic police stopped you because the speed _________ you were driving was too fast.

II. 用介詞+關系代詞結構的定語從句合并下列各句

11. This is the woman. I learned the news from her several hours ago.

12. This is the problem. We argued a lot about it at the last meeting.

13. Here is the boy. Everyone in the school is talking about him.

14. Mr Smith is a professor. I learned a lot from him four years ago.

15. Kitty is a little girl. I bought some flowers from her yesterday.

III. 用關系副詞填空

16. He wants to return to the college _____ he studied chemistry when he was young.

17. The children today are lucky as they are living in a time _____ our country is developing fast.

18. My grandfather was born in the year _____ the Second World War broke out.

19. Do you know any shops nearby _____ I can buy flowers?

20. His mother was ill. Maybe that was the reason _____ he was late this morning.

21. Uncle Tom could never forget the day _____ the little girl died.

22. Blues first appeared in the countries _____ there were a lot Black people.

23. The story happened in 1980 _____ China was just open to the outside world.

24. He often thinks of the small village _____ he grew up and had lots of sweet memories.

【經典幽默】

More polite

A fat man and a skinny man were arguing about who was more polite.

The skinny man said he was more polite because he always tipped his hat to ladies. But the fat man said he was the more courteous because whenever he got up and offered his seat, two ladies could sit down.

【試題答案】

I. 1. in which 2. on which 3. with whom 4. about which 5. on which

6. with which 7. under which 8. in which 9. on which 10. at which

II. 11. This is the woman from whom I learned the news several hours ago.

12. This is the problem about which we argued a lot at the last meeting.

13. Here is the boy about whom everyone in the school is talking.

14. Mr Smith is a professor from whom I learned a lot four years ago.

15. Kitty is a little girl from whom I bought some flowers yesterday.

III. 16. where 17. when 18. when

19. where 20. why 21. when

22. where 23. when 24. where