一.教學內容：

（一）現在完成時（The Present Perfect Tense）

1. 動作發生于一個非確定的過去的時間（過去的時間并不重要或根本不知道），但它的結果仍對現在有影響.

I have read the letter， and I know what it is about.

2. 動作發生在過去，目前仍在繼續或剛剛結束， 常和“for” 加上“一段時間”，或“since” 加上“一個確切的過去的時間”連用。

“for”用于過去的一段時間. （動詞必須是可以延續的）

He has been there for six months. 他去那有6個月了。（直到現在）

He has never been there. 他從來都沒去過那里。（直到現在）

“since”用于過去的一個確切的時間，意思是“從那時一直到現在”，總是和完成時一齊用，而且不能省略。（主句動詞必須是可以延續的）

since +一段時間＋ago；since＋一個時間點；since＋從句。如：

He has stayed here since 3 hours ago.

He has stayed here since 3 o’clock.

Tim has been in Nantong since January.

自從1月份以來Tim一直都在南通。（現在仍在南通）

注意：“since”后面的確切的過去的時間也可以是一個含有過去時的從句.

He has been interested in collecting coins since he was a child.

他打小時候起就對收集硬幣感興趣。（現在還是如此）

He has taught English since he came here.

現在完成時常和短語“up to now /till now”，“so far”（意思是從過去某一確定的時間一直延續到現在）連用。

Up to/till now he's read many storybooks. 至今他已讀過好多故事書。

I've been to New York three times so far. 至今我已去過紐約三次。

3. 剛剛完成的動作.

I've just got a letter from my brother.

4. “already”用于現在完成時的肯定句中，“yet”用于現在完成時的否定句和疑問句中。

He has （already） visited many places in China. （already）

He has come back now. Have you ever been to Australia?

注意“already”在句中的兩種位置.

The train hasn't arrived yet.火車（到現在）還沒有到。

Has she arrived yet? 她已經到了嗎？Hasn't he come yet? 他還沒來嗎？

I haven't been very successful so far.我一直都沒有成功。

注意：“have been”（去過） 和“have gone”（去了） 的區別:

He has gone to Beijing .（He is there or is on his way there.）

He has been to Shanghai . （He was there once, but he is not there now.）

5. 當現在完成時句中無時間狀語時，它只是指一個簡單的已經完成的動作。

I've cleaned the sitting-room. 我已把起居室打掃過了。（已完成了工作）

6. 現在完成時可以用來表示一個反復發生的動作。

He has rung me up five times today. （五次分隔的行為）

7. 通常和現在完成時一起用的副詞：

I have just got a letter from my brother.

He has already bought an American car and has gone to the U.S.A.

He has been there for six months so far.

Mother has never been abroad before.

常和完成時連用的副詞和短語：

already, yet, just, ever, never, before

today, now, this morning, this week, these days, in the past two years

for three hours, for two weeks, for years, for a long time

since three o'clock, since last Tuesday, since 1980, since then

since he came here, since we began to learn English

8. 短暫性動詞通常不能和表一段的時間狀語連用，應用意義與其相近的延續性動詞、be＋形容詞/副詞等來代替它們。如：borrow改為keep/have; die改為be dead; leave改為be away等，或將完成時改為一般過去時。如：

錯：He has died for 3 years.

正：He has been dead for 3 years.

正：He died 3 years ago.

錯：How long have you borrowed it?

正：How long have you kept it?

在例2中應注意how long是一個不確定的一段時間。但應注意，短暫性動詞的否定式表示一個狀態，它可以和表一段的時間狀語連用。如：

I haven’t seen you for 2 years.

9. 現在完成時與一般過去時的區別

現在完成時強調過去發生的動作對現在造成的影響，而一般過去時不強調過去的動作與現在的關系。如：

I have lost my pen.（強調我現在沒有筆）

I lost my pen.（過去筆掉了，沒說明現在是否有筆）

現在完成時不可和表過去的時間狀語連用（before, just等除外），但一般過去時可和表過去的時間狀語，如yesterday, last week, three days ago, just now等連用。如：

A：Hello, Kate! Have you had supper?

B：Yes, I have.

A：When did you have it?

在此例中，應注意when是一個不確定的過去時間。

（二）賓語從句

　在復合句中，作及物動詞、介詞或某些形容詞的賓語的句子稱為賓語從句。連詞that引導賓語從句時，應注意以下要點：

1. 在連詞that引導的賓語從句中，that本身無意義，不是句子的任何成分。在口語和非正式文體中常被省略。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。

She says （that） she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.

她說她將在校長的桌上放個留言條。

I hope （that） you’ll have a good holiday.

希望你（們）假日愉快。

2. 后面常接that引導的賓語從句的動詞有：think, hope, say, tell, know, see, hear, mean, agree, fell等。

　I see （that） you come here on foot today. 我看你今天是步行來的。

I hear （that） one of the pandas has a baby.我聽說有只熊貓生了個小熊貓。

3. 后面常接賓語從句的形容詞有：sure, glad, pleased, happy, afraid等。如：

I’m sure he would love to come to your birthday party.

我相信他會很樂意參加你的生日聚會。

We are both very happy that we are twins.

我們倆都為我們是雙胞胎而感到高興。

4. 連接代詞（who, whom, whose, what, which）引導的賓語從句，從句語序：

連接代詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他成分

Please tell me who / whom we have met.

Do you know what they should do?

The boy asked whose shirt is it?

Could you tell me which teacher will teach us next term?

5. 連接副詞（why, when, where, how）引導的賓語從句，從句語序：

連接副詞＋主語＋謂語＋其他成分

She doesn’t know why her friends like Chinese so much.

The teacher had to find out why he is often late for school.

Grandmother couldn’t remember where she put her book.

Lucy didn’t tell her mother when she would be back.

The boy doesn’t know when he must finish his homework.

6. 賓語從句的時態：

　　A. 主句的動詞如果是現在時態，賓語從句中動詞可以根據實際情況用不同的時態。

B. 主句的動詞是一般過去時態，賓語從句的動詞必須使用過去相應的某種時態（一般過去時、過去進行時、過去將來時、過去完成時等）。

【模擬試題】（答題時間：80分鐘）

一. 選擇填空：

1. Do you know how much hot water ?

A. Mum is needed B. does Mum need

C. Mum needs D. did Mum need

2. Can you tell me ?

A. where he is B. where is he

C. he is where D. what is he

3. I didn’t know how to London?

A. would they go B. are they going

C. they would go D. they are going

4. I want to know how long

A. has he been back B. has he come back

C. he has been back D. he has come back

5. Do you know ?

A. what the news are B. what is the news

C. what the news is D. what are the news

6. He said he would help me with my maths if he free.

A. was B. will be C. would be D. is

7. He will write to you as soon as he to Shanghai.

A. gets B. is getting C. will get D. shall get

8. Father music when he young

A. liked…was B. liked…is

C. likes…was D. likes…is

9. I liked sports I was young.

A. so much as B. so much that

C. very much when D. very much because

10. mother got home, I was tidying my room.

A. After B. When C. As soon as D. Before

11. The teacher didn’t begin her class the students stopped talking.

A. until B. because C. after D. when

12. If it tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.

A. doesn’t rain B. won’t rain C. not rains D. isn’t rain

13. Could you tell me we get to the plane?

A. how B. whether C. where D. what

14. When they got to the cinema, the film for the ten minutes.

A. had been on B. has begun

C. began D. had begun

15. The teacher says she will leave a message on the headmaster’s desk.

A. if B. who C. that D. what

16. Lucy looks stronger Lily.

A. than B. as C. then D. not as

17. I know nothing about it he told me.

A. because B. since C. until D. after

18. You must make your new house clean and safe you move in.

A. because B. when C. before D. until

19. I was tired I couldn’t walk on.

A. so…that B. too…to

C. very…that D. very…to

20. I thought he to see his mother if he time.

A. will go…has B. will go …will have

C. would go …would have D. would go …had

二. 用所給動詞的正確形式填空：

1. I won’t return the book to the library because I (not finish) reading it.

2. As soon as he saw me, he to speak to me. (stop)

3. I hope he (come) back in a week.

4. It (rain) hard when I got to the factory this morning.

5. The old man told the children (not walk) in the rice fields.

6. He told me he (help) me with my maths the next evening.

7. She said they (know) each other for quite some time.

8. If it (not rain) tomorrow, we (visit) the Pepole’s Museum.

9. John (write) something when I (go) to see him.

10. Our teacher told us that light (travel) much faster than sound.

11. When I got to the cinema, the film (begin)

12. Mike asked me if we (ask) any questions the next class.

13. Will you come and stay with us for a while when you (finish) doing your homework?

14. Comrade Wang didn’t know if there (be) on English evening that day.

15. Please tell me if she (come) again next time.

三. 用所給動詞的適當時態填空

1. Mary _______ already ______ (have) her supper.

2. I ______ (not want) to see the film. I ______ (see) it with my parents. We ______ (see) it last week.

3. ______ you ______ (get) something to eat? Yes, I do.

4. They ______ just ______(find) their son.

5. My mother _______ (not work) at her desk when I came in. She ______ (read) a news paper in her desk.

6. Jim ______ just ______ (come) back from England. He ______ (get) home five minutes ago.

7. The librarian ______ (ask) him ______ (pay) for the lost book.

四. 閱讀理解

A

In the presidential election(選舉) of 1860 Lincoln won. People from eighteen free states helped make him president of the United States.

But all Americans did not want Lincoln to be their leader. Many white people in Southern States believed Lincoln would take away their power in government and their slaves, too.

Slavery was not the only problem troubling Americans from 1800 to 1860.White Southerners believed that Northern law-makers passed unfair tax(稅收) laws.

The laws white Southerners believed were most unfair put a tax on factory goods shipped from other countries to the United States. Southerners believed that such laws hurt them more than any other Americans. They believed this because in the South, there were few factories. People needed to buy factory-made goods that were shipped either from foreign countries or from the North. If Southerners bought foreign goods, they had to pay an extra amount caused by the tax. If they bought goods made in Northern factories, they helped make the North a richer, more powerful region than the south.

Whatever the reasons were, white Southerners were ready to fight. They prepared themselves to fight to keep what they believed they owned and against tax laws they believed were unfair.

( ) 1. Lincoln won in the election mainly with the help of ___________.

A. all American people B. the Southerners

C. the Northerners D. the people from the 18 states

( ) 2. “All Americans did not want Lincoln to be their leader” means_______.

A. not all Americans wanted Lincoln to be their leader

B. only a few Americans wanted Lincoln to be their leader

C. no Americans opposed(反對) Lincoln to be their leader

C. many Americans opposed Lincoln to be their leader

( ) 3. The problem troubling Americans from 1800 to 1860 was _____.

A. slavery B. tax laws C. presidential election D. both A and B

( ) 4. The laws which white Southerners opposed put a tax on ______.

A. goods made in the factories in the South

B. goods made in the factories in the North

C. goods made in other countries

D. goods made in the United States and other countries

( ) 5. The white Southerners believed that the tax laws would ________.

A. make the United States become stronger

B. do good only to the Northerners

C. do good to the Southerners

D. help people to buy goods made in Southern factories

B

The newspaper seller was a clean neat(整潔的) man, of about forty with a rather serious(嚴肅的), unsmiling face. he didn't speak much to the customers or to his helpers, but when he did, he spoke slowly and quietly, as if to himself. He believed in deeds(行動), not conversations.

It had been a good day. Lunch-time had been warm and sunny, and many people had bought magazines to read outside with their sandwiches. Now it was cold and rainy, and people wanted an evening paper for a cheerless journey ahead and an uninteresting evening indoors

At 6:30 with the main rush over, he started to collect the money together and count it. Then he left the stand and went home. It was the assistant's turn this evening to look after it till eight o'clock. His large white car was in the car park of a large government building. He'd parked there for six months, pretending to be a member of a heating company working in the building. They would find him out, and he'd have to park in a garage again, which was troublesome. The cost was far too high. A couple of junior clerks(職員), regular customers, happened to see him getting into his car. “There must be a lot of money in papers, eh? ” one of them shouted. He just smiled coldly in reply, and got into the car, placing the bags of money on the floor.

He thought about the clerks on the way home. Like most of his customers in spite of their white shirts and dark suits, they probably made in a week as much as he could make in a good day.

( ) 1.The newspaper seller would probably be the sort of man who would _______.

A. be a cheerful(愉快的) companion(伙伴)

B. try to cheat his customers

C. trust his assistant very much

D. dislike conversation

( )2. The weather that day had been _______.

A. good for lunch-time sales, but not later

B. good for early evening sales, but not earlier

C. bad for sales throughout

D. good for sales throughout

( ) 3. The assistant's job that evening was to _____.

A. sell papers until 8o'clock

B. start selling magazines at 8 o'clock

C. count the money taken that day

D. lock up the car park

( )4. If they realized that wasn't a heating engineer, he'd have to ______.

A. park his car in a government car park

B. look for another free parking place

C. pay to park his car in a garage

D. pretend he worked in a government office

( )5. When the newspaper seller thought about the two clerks, he decided that they were _______.

A. badly dressed B. well dressed

C. not as rich as himself D. not as hardworking as himself

五. 完形填空

Mark was a farmer, and he lived in a village far 1 . One day, he 2 very ill, and everyone thought he would die. They 3 a doctor, and two days later, the doctor 4 , and examined the sick man. The doctor 5 for a pen and some paper to write down the name of the medicine. But there was 6 pen or paper in the village, because no one could read and write.

The doctor picked up a piece of 7 wood from the fire. So he used the wood and wrote the name of the medicine 8 the door of the house. “Get this medicine for him, ” he said, “and he will soon get 9 . ”

Mark's family and friends didn't know 10 to do. They could not 11 the strange words. Then the village baker(面包師) had an idea. He 12 the door of the house, put it on his cart and drove 13 the nearest hospital. He bought the medicine, and Mark was soon 14 again. He 15 not let anyone wash the magic(魔術的) words.

( ) 1. A out B. away C. from D. aside

( ) 2. A came B. is C. became D. had been

( ) 3. A sent for B. sent C. ask for D. asked

( ) 4. A got to B. reached C. comes D. arrived

( ) 5. A asked B. wanted C. got D. fetched

( ) 6. A not a B. not C. no D. nothing

( ) 7. A hot B. burning C. burnt D. firing

( ) 8. A on B. at C. in D. to

( ) 9. A better B. best C. right D. worse

( ) 10. A when B. what C. how D. that

( ) 11. A said B. spoke C. read D. wrote

( ) 12. A took off B. took out C. took on D. got out

( ) 13. A in B. for C. to D. at

( ) 14. A right B. sick C. well D. good

( ) 15. A should B. could C. might D. would

【試題答案】

一. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C

6. A 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. B

11. A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. C

16. A 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. D

二. 1. haven’t finished 2. stopped

3. will come 4. was raining

5. not to walk 6. would help

7. had known 8. doesn’t rain, will visit

9. was writing, went 10. travels

11. had begun 12. would ask

13. finish 14. would be

15. will come

三. 1. has, had 2. don’t want, have seen, saw 3. Have, got 4. have, found

5. wasn’t working was reading 6. has, come, got 7. asked, to pay

四. A 1-5 DADCB B 1-5 DDACC

五. 1-5 BCADA 6-10 CCAAB 11-15 CACCD