一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1.詞匯
excellent, wind, strengthen, frequently, recover, smart, distant, lately, get together, all the best, have a word with, in other words, connect with, free of charge, have… on, would like to have a word with sb., bring along, due to, turn into, tire, chain, haircut, pin, secretary, forgive, trick, roll, owe, tear, wish… every success, congratulate…on, invite…to, go on a picnic, get tired of, drop in, have a haircut
2.句型
(1)How a telephone works is a question which not every one can answer.
(2)…and it took a long time before people began to hire or buy them.
(3)I wish you every success in the future.
(5)Now let’s drink to the success of your school!
3.語法
(1)復(fù)習(xí)名詞性從句
(2)復(fù)習(xí)第19-23單元語法
4.交際用語
(1)There’s no… here.
(2)I’m sorry, I think I dialled the wrong number.
(3)I called to ask/tell you.
(4)I’ll have to ring off now.
(5)I’ve come to say good bye. I’m leaving on Sunday.
(6)I wish you every success in the future.
(7)I’d also like to congratulate you on your good work in these two years.
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
1.lack
lack可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞，還可用作不可數(shù)名詞，有“缺乏，缺少”之意。如：
lack money/courage缺錢/ 缺少勇氣；lack(in) experience/ courage缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)/勇氣；have no lack of...不缺乏；for lack of…因?yàn)槿狈ΑΡ龋?/p>
He is lacking in courage./He lacks courage.他缺少勇氣。
The plants died for lack of water. 因?yàn)槿彼参锟菟懒恕?/p>
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①她經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，無法獲得這項(xiàng)工作。
She________ ______ ______to get the job.
②他們不缺錢，而缺技術(shù)工作。
They______ ______ _______ of money but_______skilled workers.
Key: ①lacked,the,experience
②have,no,lack,lack
2.remind,remember
remind表示“提醒，使記起，使想起”，可接復(fù)合賓語，that從句或與of連用；而remember意為“記得（做）某事”，主語必須是人。如：
He reminded me to answer the letter as early as possible.
He reminded me that I would answer the letter as early as possible.
他提醒我盡早回信。
This photo reminds me of my childhood.
這張照片使我想起了我的童年。
Do you remember the advice I gave you?
你記得我給你的忠告嗎？
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這使我想起我們假日里一同做過的事。
This _______ _______ ______what we did together during our holidays.
②我還記得小時(shí)候被帶著去北京的事情。
I still______ _______ _______to Beijing when I was a child.
Key:①reminds,me,of ②remember,being,taken
3.表示“祝愿”的幾種句型
①名詞短語（+to you）:Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快樂。
Best wishes for Teachers’Day.祝教師節(jié)愉快。
②All the best.祝萬事如意。
All the best with your family.祝全家好。
All the best in your study/business.
祝你學(xué)習(xí)/事業(yè)順利。
③主語+wish+sb.+名詞/形容詞
I wish you happy.我祝你幸福。
We wish you greater progres.
我們祝你取得更大進(jìn)步。
④I hope+that 從句：
I hope you’ll enjoy being with us.
我們希望你和我們在一起很高興。
⑤部分祈使句也可表祝愿：
Remember me to your family.
代我向你全家問好。
Send best wishes to him.
向他問好。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
-Have a nice weekend!
-________.(MET’92)
A.The same to you B.You do too
C.The same as you D.You have it too
Key:A
4.have on,have…on
have on 表示“穿著，戴著”，有have on sth.或have sth.,on結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)，無進(jìn)行時(shí)，但有動(dòng)詞-ing短語形式。have…on表示“有事，有約（會(huì)）”。對比：
On Children’s Day,children always have on their new clothes.
兒童節(jié)那天孩子們總是穿著新衣服。
I’ve nothing on tomorrow.Let’s go together.
明天我沒事，咱們一起去吧。
誤：In fact the king was having nothing on.
正：In fact the king had nothing on.
事實(shí)上國王什么也沒穿。
正：The king having nothing on walked in the front.
一絲不掛的國王走在最前面。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①He has something on this evening.I’ve to go without him.
②He has his uniform on this evening.
5.word 短語歸納
①would like a word with sb.想和某人說句話；
have a word with sb.與某人說句話；
get in a word /get a word in 插話；
in a (one)word總之， 一句話。
②keep one’s word信守諾言，break one’s word失信；translate sth. word for word 逐字翻譯；have/get word(that)…有消息說，獲得消息，聽說；Word has come/came that…傳來消息說……；
③have a few words with sb.和某人說幾句話；have words(with sb.)爭吵，爭論；in words 用言語；with words口頭上，in other words/in another word換句話說;match words with deeds言行一致；waster one’s words白費(fèi)口舌；the last words臨終遺言；sharp words苛刻的話；soft words甜言蜜語
④[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①傳來消息說中國女子足球隊(duì)獲亞軍。
_______ ________ _______the Chinese Women Football Team had won
second place.
②我聽說他們昨晚相互爭吵起來。
I________ _________ that they_________ _________with each other last night.
6.“條件從句+主句”中的虛擬語氣
①與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反：從句中用動(dòng)詞的過去式（be 多用were），主句中用would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
If there were no subjunctive mood, English would be much easier.（84年高考）如果沒有虛擬語氣的話，英語就更容易了。
②與過去事實(shí)相反：從句中用had + 過去分詞，主句中用would/ should/could/might + have+過去分詞。如：
If my lawyer had been hare last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.（MET’89）
如果上周六我的律師在這里的話，他會(huì)阻止我去的。
③與將來事實(shí)相反：從句中用動(dòng)詞的過去式或should + 動(dòng)詞原形或were to + 動(dòng)詞的形，主句中用would/should/could/might + 動(dòng)詞原形。如：
If it should rain tomorrow, they would not go there by bike.
如果明天下雨，他們就不騎自行車去了。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
① You didn’t let me drive .If we _________in turn,you ________
so tired.(NMET’96)
A.dove, didn’t get B.drove, wouldn’t get
C.were driving,wouldn’t get D.had driven, wouldn’t have got
②-If the _______, he_______that food.
-Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(MET’93)
A.was warned, would not take
B.had been warned, would not have taken
C.would be warned, had not taken
D.would have been warned, had not taken
Key:①D ②B
7.street, highway, road, path
street指位于城鎮(zhèn)都市內(nèi)，路面平整，兩旁有人行道和房子的公共通道，highway,指供車輛行使的主要道路或公路，是城市間的主要通道；road指通向某一目的地的任何道路；path指只容人通行的小路，山路。
[應(yīng)用]閱讀下列句子，體會(huì)畫線詞的意思。
①This is the point where two busy streets meet.
②They turnede off the main highway onto a winding earth road.③There is a narrow road from our village to the next one.
④Walk along the path or you may lose your way.
8.lecture, speech, talk, repot
lecture多指學(xué)術(shù)方面的“演講，報(bào)告”；而speech指在公眾面前做的經(jīng)過準(zhǔn)備的較正式的“演說，發(fā)言”；talk是一般性的“講話，談話”，report指正式的“報(bào)告，報(bào)道，匯報(bào)”。
[應(yīng)用]英譯漢
①give a lecture ②attend a lecture
③make a speech ④give a talk
⑤receive a report ⑥make a report
⑦send in a report ⑧a school report
key:①作演講 ②出席演講會(huì) ③發(fā)表演說 ④發(fā)表講話 ⑤收到報(bào)告⑥作報(bào)告 ⑦呈交報(bào)告 ⑧成績報(bào)告單
9.不能接雙賓語的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞
announce, explain, introduce, declare后面不接雙賓語，若以人作賓語常置于to后。如：
The president announced to the workers the sad news.
The president announced the sad news to the workers.
總裁向工人宣布了那不幸的消息。
He introduced the new comer to everyone here.
他把新來的那個(gè)人介紹給這里的每個(gè)人。
report to sb.向某人匯報(bào)：report sth/sb.to sb.向某人匯報(bào)/告訴。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯(cuò)
①The teacher explained his students how to use the computer.
②No one declared us we could not smoke here.
Key:①explain后加to ②declare后加to
10.be due to, due to
be due(to)有“應(yīng)付給，應(yīng)到的，預(yù)期的”之意，多用作表語，to不定式符號(hào)；而due to表示“由于，起因于”時(shí)，to是介詞，相當(dāng)于because of。如：
The train is due to arrive at 12.
火車應(yīng)于12點(diǎn)到。
When is the ship due?
船預(yù)定何時(shí)到？
The accident was due to careless driving
車禍?zhǔn)谴中鸟{車引起的。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①那項(xiàng)計(jì)劃由于資金不足而失敗。
The program failed ________ _________lack of money.
②希爾先生預(yù)定明天演講兩次。
Mr Hill_________ _________ ________ lecture twice tomorrow.
Key:①due,to ②is ,due, to
11.raise, rise
①raise是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語，可用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。表示把人或物提高到較高的位置（水平），即指具體的物，又用于抽象意義。如：
raise one’s hand/head/eyes/a stone/the flag/one’s pay/ the
price/one’s voice
舉起手/抬起頭/往上看/舉起石頭/升旗/提高工資/提價(jià)/聲音大點(diǎn)。
②rise是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能接賓語，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示“上升，升起，起身，起立，起床，增長”等意義。如：river rise河水漲；price rise 物價(jià)上漲；rise from one’s seat從座位上站起來；rise early早起。
短語：raise a shout of joy高興地喊起；
raise chickens/horses/children/a question養(yǎng)雞/養(yǎng)馬/養(yǎng)育孩子/提出問題；rise up起義，奮起反抗；get a rise /raise增加工資。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他站在那兒注視著國旗緩緩升起。
He stood there watching the flag_______ ________.
②價(jià)格漲到10美元。
The price_________ _________to 10 dollars./The price_______
to 10 dollars.
③不久就能看到蒸氣從濕衣服上冒出來。
Soon steam can be seen __________ from the wet clothes.
④他要求老板加薪。
He asked the boss fo_________ ________.
Key:①being, raised ②was raised /rose
③rising ④a, rise(raise)
12.owe
①表示“欠錢，欠債”，用于owe sth.to sb.或owe sb. sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。如：
We still owe over 1,000 yuan to Lao Wang.
我們還欠老王1000多元錢。
②用于引申意義，表示“欠情，感恩，感激，歸功于”。如：
I owe thanks to Annie or this priceless gift of speech.
我感激安妮給了我說話能力這個(gè)無價(jià)之寶。
If I have improved in English, I owe it to my teacher.
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①她仍欠裁縫上周做衣服的錢。
She still________ the tailor_________ the clothes she had last week.
②他現(xiàn)在還活著是多虧了你。
He ________ it__________you that he is still alive.
Key:①owes, for ②owes, to
13.excuse, pardon,forgive
excuse“原諒，寬恕”，語氣較輕，指對輕微的冒犯、失禮等的原諒；pardon用于正式場合時(shí)意為“赦免”，也有“原諒，對不起”之意，語氣最重；forgive指免除某人犯錯(cuò)誤或違法承擔(dān)的后果，或不追究其應(yīng)受責(zé)備的行為。三個(gè)詞都常與for連用，表示“原諒某人……”。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①請?jiān)徫疫t到了。
②我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)原諒你昨天晚上說過的話。
Key:①Please excuse we for being late.
②The court pardoned the man who had broken the law for a certain reason.
③I’ll never orgive you for what you said to me last night.
14.expect, wait
二者均有“等待”之意，但有不同。expect側(cè)重心理狀態(tài)，因而可譯為“期待，期盼”， 是及物動(dòng)詞；而wait指行動(dòng)，有“不干別的事專門等”之意，是不及物動(dòng)詞。對比：
They are busy with prepartions, expecting the foreign guests.
他們忙著準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)備，期待著外賓的到來。
Holding little flags, the children are waiting for the foreign guests.
孩子們手拿小旗，在等待外賓的到來。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①她很久沒有兒子的消息了，因而期待著他的電話。
She hasn’t heard from her son for a long time, so she _______
telephones from him.
②他正等著要和你說句話。
He ________ ________ to have a word with you.
Key:①expects ②is ,waiting
15.congratulate, congratulations
①congratulate是動(dòng)詞，作“祝賀、慶祝”解時(shí)，必須以被祝賀的人作賓語，構(gòu)成：congratulate sb. on sth./doing sth.表示“祝賀某人……”。另外：congratulate oneself表示“慶幸，感到幸運(yùn)”。如：
We congratulated him on his success/his having succeeded.
我們祝賀他的成功。
I congrtulated myself on having escaped unhurt.
我因自己幸免于難而感到幸運(yùn)。
②congratulation是名詞，多用作復(fù)數(shù)形式。注意下列用法：
Congratulations!(單獨(dú)使用)祝賀你！
Congratulations on your success對你的成功我表示祝賀。
Congratulations to everybody!祝賀大家！
Please accept my congratulations on your birthday.
請接受我對你的生日祝賀。
[應(yīng)用]選擇正確答案
We offered him our congratulations_________his passing the college entrance exams.(MET’93)
A.at B.on C.for D.of
16.常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”的幾個(gè)句型
①動(dòng)詞+賓語從句中。這類動(dòng)詞是：一個(gè)堅(jiān)持（insist）;一個(gè)命令（order）;兩個(gè)建議（suggest, advise）三個(gè)要求（desire, demand, require）。如：
The teacher desired that she(should)not give up her idea.
老師要求她不要放棄自己的想法。
②It is/was + 上述動(dòng)詞的過去分詞+that從句中。如：
It’s suggeste that the job be done in another way.
有人建議用另一種方式做這項(xiàng)工作。
③It is /was + important/necessary/strange/a pity + that主語從句中。例如：
It’s necessary that you should be present at the discussion.
你很有必要參加這次討論。
④suggestion, order, request, idea等名詞后的表從句和同位語從句中。如：
The boss gave orders that the work be started at once.
老板下令馬上開始這項(xiàng)工作
My request is that you(should)make an apology to your teacher.
我的要求是你向你的老師道歉。
[應(yīng)用]單句改錯(cuò)
①I insist that a doctor must be sent for immediately
②My suggestion is that you will listen to the CCTV English news
every day.
Key:①改must為should ②改will為should
17.effort短語歸納
make the greatest effort 做最大努力；make great efforts盡最大努力；make a special effort作出特殊努力；make an effort to do sth.努力做某事；make every effort to help you盡力幫助你;make one last effort作最后的努力；make no effort不努力；spare no efforts to do sth.不遺余力去做某事;with(an)effort艱難地；without effort輕而易舉地；in an effort努力。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①他身體很強(qiáng)壯，可以輕易地提起那個(gè)重箱子。
He is strong enough to lift the heavy box _________.
②我們會(huì)不遺余力地阻止他們采取這一步驟。
We will ________ _______ _______to prevent them from takingthis
step.
③他艱難地游泳，為的是救出那個(gè)孩子。
He swam with difficulty________ _________ _______ ________ save
the boy.
④我不會(huì)努力去幫助這樣的人。
I’ll ________ _________ _______ to help such a person.
Key:①without,effout ②spare, to ,efforts
③in, an, effort, to ④make, no, efforts
18.動(dòng)詞 + about
read about讀到有關(guān)的內(nèi)容；know about了解；learn about得知有關(guān)……；hear about 聽說過；forget about 忘記有關(guān)……；talk about 談?wù)摚籥rgue about爭論；chat about閑談；tell about講述有關(guān)……；think about考慮；write about寫有關(guān)的……；joke about拿……開玩笑；worry about為……擔(dān)心。
[應(yīng)用]漢譯英
①我已在報(bào)紙上讀到了有關(guān)這次事故的情況。
②這件事我?guī)缀跬恕?/p>
Key:①I’ve read about the accident in the newspaper.
②I almost forget about this matter.
19.tear短語歸納
tear out撕下，扯下，拔起；tear up 撕碎，拔起（后一詞義同tear out）;tear down撕下，拆毀，tear at撕扯某物；tear sth.open把……撕開；tear sth.to(into)pieces把……撕成碎片。
[應(yīng)用]完成句子
①這本書的前幾頁被人撕掉了。
The first pages of this book were ________ ________by someone.
②很多樹被大風(fēng)拔起了。
Many trees were________ ________by the strong wind.
③她一看完就把信撕碎了。
She _________ _________ the letter the moment she had read it.
④工人們把舊房拆了，在原址建起了新房。
The workmen__________ _________the old house and built a new
one in its place.
Key:①torn, out ②torn, out(up)
③tore, up ④tore, down
三、精典名題導(dǎo)解
題1 （NMET 2001）
The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.
A.from B.in C.of D.at
分析：C。該題考查介詞用法。由于受in one’s spare time短語的影響，此題易誤選B。此題的最佳答案是C。of在此表示“……中的部分/全部”，與名詞little連用，little of my spare time意思是“僅有的業(yè)余時(shí)間”。該句為一個(gè)含有感嘆式賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，連接代詞what連同所修飾的在從句中作主語的名詞little提到從句之首。“a little of + 不可數(shù)名詞”表示肯定，意為“一點(diǎn)，少許”；little前無冠詞，表示否定，意為“少到幾乎沒有”。
題2 (上海 2000)
what he said just now _________me of that American professor.]
A.mentioned B.informed C.remind D.memorized
分析：C。句中需要的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用于“v. + sb. + of sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，A、D不能用于此結(jié)構(gòu)。sb. inform sb.of sth.某人通知（報(bào)告）某人某事，不合句意。
題3 （NMET 1999）
Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required standard
-__________,you failed.
A.in the end B.after all
C.in other words D.at the same time
分析：C。本題考查介詞短語作為連接性附加狀語的用法。從題干看，選項(xiàng)之后是對前面所說內(nèi)容的解釋，in other words表示“換句話說、也就是說”，故為最佳答案。
題4 （NMET 1999）
John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out__________he phones.
A.as long as B.in order that
C.in case D.so that
分析：C。in case 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“萬一，若，以防”，其引出的從句常用陳述語氣。
題5 （上海 2000春）
I shall stay in the hotel all day _________ there is news of the missing child.
A.in case B.no matter C.in any case D.ever since
分析：A。in case 作連詞引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“萬一，以防。”
題6 （NMET 2000）
I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some _________.
A.at last B.in case C.once again D.in time
分析：B。in case可以位于句尾，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)副詞詞組。
題7 （NMET 2001）
It is generally believed that teaching is _______it is a science.
A.an art much as B.much an art as
C.as an art much D.as much an art as
分析：D。該題考查語序。題干是一個(gè)含有主語從句的主從復(fù)合句，it作形式主語，that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句子后部。在這個(gè)主語從句中，又含有一個(gè)as…as引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句，表示相同程度的比較。第一個(gè)as是副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)程度。當(dāng)某些副詞如so, as, too, how等用來修飾名詞前的形容詞時(shí)，不定冠詞放在該形容詞之后，名詞之前。后一個(gè)連詞as引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句。答案為D。
題8 （NMET 2001）
The warmth of ________ sweater will of course be determined by the sort of_________wool used.
A.the ;the B.the ;不填 C.不填；the D.不填；不填
分析：B。該題考查冠詞用法。第一空應(yīng)填定冠詞the, 定冠詞用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表不類屬這一概念而不表示特指。第二空應(yīng)不填冠詞，物質(zhì)名詞在用來表示一般概念時(shí)，通常不加冠詞，B為最佳選項(xiàng)。