一、考點精析與拓展

1.now that; due to; because of; owing to; since; as

now that作“既然”講時，相當于since。now that中的that 可省去。如：Now(that)you are well again, you can travel, 你既然恢復了健康，就能夠旅行了。

due to作 “起因于、歸功于”時，常作表語或跟在名詞后，如：

His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失敗源于他缺少經(jīng)驗。

Mistakes due to carelessness may have serious results.粗枝大葉造成的錯誤可能帶來嚴重后果。

The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.該隊的成功在很大程度上是由于她的努力。

because of“由于、因為”，在句中作狀語或表語。如：

Lincoln is admired because of his good leadership.林肯由于其出色的領導而受到人們的贊賞。

His anger is because of your bad deeds.他是因你的失禮行為而生氣。

owing to“由于、因為”，常在現(xiàn)代英語中與because of, due to換用。如：

Owing to unfavourable weather, I was unable to carry on with it.由于天氣不好，我不能把它進行下去。

2.combine; connect; join; unite

此組動詞意為“聯(lián)合、連接”。

combine意為“結合、聯(lián)合”，指為了某一目的而把兩事物結合在一起。如：

We must combine theory with practice.我們必須把理論和實踐聯(lián)系起來。

He combines botany with chemistry.他把植物學和化學聯(lián)系起來了。

connect“連接”，指用東西把兩事物連接在一起，或兩事物直接相連，二者仍保持原狀。

The two cities are connected by a railway. 兩座城市由鐵路相連。

He connected the gas stove with gas pipe.他把煤氣和接在煤氣爐上。

join意為“連接”，指以線、繩、橋等把兩物或兩地連接在一起，和connect意思相近，也可指兩物互相緊密相接。如：

We had better join the island to the mainland with a steel bridge.我們最好建一座鋼筋橋把這個島與大陸連接起來。

Where does this stream join the Changjiang River?這條河和長江在哪里會合？

unite意為“聯(lián)合”，指兩種以上的事物結合為一體，有合二為一的意味，強調(diào)結合后的統(tǒng)一性。

The two companies will unite into one.這兩家公司將合并成一家。

The whole family united to help him.全家齊心協(xié)力幫助他。

3.repair; mend

repair指將受損、故障、用舊之物修理好，如用于修補機械方面的東西多用repair。如：

Ask him to repair my watch/TV set.請他給我修一下手表/電視機。

The garage charged forty dollars to repair the car. 修車行修理這輛車收了四十美元。

repair還可作“彌補、補償”講。如：

How can I repair the damage I have caused?我怎樣才能彌補我造成的損失？

I’d like to repair our differences .我想我們應該重歸于好。

mend指將打破、撕碎或用壞之物修補完整，“縫補衣服”多用mend。如：

His clothes need mending.他的衣服該補了。

She mended the broken jar with cement. 她用水泥把破碎的缸補好了。

mend 還可意為“改正、糾正、治愈、使恢復健康”等。如：

The prisoner is mending his way.囚犯在改過自新。

It is never too late to mend.亡羊補牢，猶未為晚。

4.worth; worthy

兩者均是形容詞，意思是“值得……的”，用法如下：

（1）worthy可以作定語，worth不能。例如：

a worthy rival值得較量的對手

（2）worth后面直接跟名詞（多為表示錢或代價的名詞），其作用相當于介詞；worthy后面接名詞時須與of連用（一般不接表示錢的名詞）。例如：This second-hand book is worth 100 dollars.這本舊書值100美元。

His deed is worthy of praise.他的事跡值得贊揚。

（3）worth后面可直接跟動名詞的主動結構；worthy后接動名詞的被動結構，且須與of連用，worthy后也可接不定式的被動式。例如：

This book is worth reading./ This book is worthy of being read./ This book is worthy to be read.這本書值得一讀。

The city is worth visiting./The city is worthy to be visited./ The city is worthy of being visited.

（4）表示“很值得”，通常用well修飾，而不用very。例如：

The film is well worth seeing.這部電影很值得一看。

5.create; invent; discover

三者含義相近，但用法不同：

（1）create“創(chuàng)造、創(chuàng)作”，指產(chǎn)生出新的東西，其對象往往是精神上的，如藝術、文學作品中的人物及新的科學領域等。例如：

Shakespeare created many famous characters.莎士比亞創(chuàng)造了許多有名的人物。

（2）invent“發(fā)明”，指創(chuàng)造出原來自然界不存在的東西，如工具、方法、手段、燈泡、汽車、電視、合成材料等。例如：

who invented the telephone?誰發(fā)明了電話？

He invented a new teaching method.他發(fā)明了一種的教學方法。

（3）discover指“發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到”某種自然界本來已存在，但以前未被人類發(fā)現(xiàn)或認識的事物，如發(fā)現(xiàn)元素、電、煤、石油、鐵等礦藏以及新星、星系或科學真理等。例如：

I discovered an unopened letter in the drawer.我在抽屜里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一封未拆的信。

6.not…until三種句型

not…until有三種句型，即：正常語序、倒裝語序和強調(diào)句型。

（1）正常語序

The mother didn’t leave the room until the child fell asleep.

I didn’t know the truth of it until the next day.

（2）倒裝語序

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

Not until the next day did I know the truth of it.

（3）強調(diào)句型

It was not until the child fell asleep the mother left the room.

It was not until the next day that I knew the truth of it.

（4）注意事項

①在not…until句型中，主句中的動詞均為短暫性動詞，如leave,start等。而在until的肯定句型中，主句的謂語動詞一定要用延續(xù)性動詞，因為until作為連詞和介詞意為up to the time when; up to“直到……時”。如：

②until只連接表示時間的短語和從句，不能用于地點和數(shù)量。如：

We walked until the edge of the forest.(誤)

Our classroom can hold until fifty students.（誤）

7．“一……就……”英語表達法

高三教材中出現(xiàn)過以下兩個句子：

On his arrival he was sold to farmer and worked in the fields.

他一到就被賣給一個農(nóng)場主，開始在田里勞動。

The moment he reached the country,he started his search.

他一到那個國家，就開始尋找。

以上例句中的On his arrival和The moment均含“一……就……”“剛……就……”之意。下面就該意義的四種表達方式予以歸納。

（1）as soon as 歸納：

①as soon as 引出的時間狀語從句既可以放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，表示它所指的動作發(fā)生在另一分句所指的動作之前。

②as soon as 可以與動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時，一般過去時或完成時態(tài)連用，主句的動詞使用相應的動詞現(xiàn)在時，過去時或將來時。如：

He started as soon as he received the news.

他一得到消息就出發(fā)了。

As soon as he had got into the car, I said“good morning”to him in French and he replied in the same language. 他一上車，我就用法語向他道了聲早安，他也用法語作了回答。

（2）hardly/scarcely/barely…when/before…no sooner…than…歸納：

①注意搭配關系；hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner不可以放在when/before和than之后。

②hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner否定詞位于句首時，句中的主語和謂語必須部分倒裝。

③hardly/scarcely/barely和no sooner引導的是主句，表示它的動作發(fā)生在從句之前，故常用過去完成時；而when/before和than引導的從句只能與一般過去時連用。

④該句型含“驚奇”之意。如：

Mrs Winthrop had no sooner left the room than they began to gossip about her.溫思羅太太剛離開房間，他們就議論起她來了。

Scarcely/Hardly/Barely had he begun to speak when I sensed that he was in trouble.

他剛一開口，我就感到他遇到麻煩事了。

No sooner had we set out than a thunderstorm broke.我們一動身就遇上了大雷雨。

（3）the moment/the instant歸納：

名詞短語the moment/instant/minute/second和副詞immediately/

directly可以用做連詞，相當于as soon as,引導的是時間狀語從句；從句既可放在句首，也可放在句中。如：

The moment I saw him, I knew that there was no hope.一見到他，我就知道沒希望了。

The instant you leave this tent, you will get a big surprise. 你一出賬篷，便會大吃一驚。

We will leave the minute you’re ready.你一準備好，我們就走。

She returned immediately she heard the bad news.她一聽到這個壞消息，就返了回來。

I left directly the clock struck twelve.鐘一敲十二點我就離開了。

（4）on + 動名詞（或表示動作的名詞）歸納：

動名詞（或名詞）結構表示它所表達的動作剛一發(fā)生或完成，句子謂語所表示的動作就接著發(fā)生。它相當于as soon as 引導的時間狀語從句。如：

On arriving in England, they were taken to the Grystal Palace by train.他們一到英國便乘火車去水晶宮。

On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest.他一從歐洲回來，便開始認真工作。

He was greeted by the Prime Minister on his arrival at the airport.他一到機場，便受到總理的歡迎。

另外，each time, every time如同上面四種類型一樣，可直接用作從屬連詞，引導狀語從句。如：

Every time I listen to his advice, I get into trouble. 我每次聽了他的勸告，都會遇到麻煩。

I’ll think of my hometown each time I listen to that song.我每次聽這首歌，都會想起家鄉(xiāng)。

二、精典名題導解

題1 （NMET 1999）

___________you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.

A.Now that B.After C.Although D.As soon as

分析：A。本題的意思是“既然你已得到一次機會，你還是充分利用它為好”。可以看到，句里含有一個狀語從句。now that=since意為“既然”。

題2 With the old stone bridge_________,a new steel one was going to be built there.

A.torn down B.tearing down

C.was torn down D.being torn down

分析：A。該題考查with + 賓語 + 賓語補足語這一結構。tear down 是“拆毀”的意思。bridge與tear down是被動關系，因此tear down應用過去分詞，即torn down。

題3 Those who were going to _______refused to leave.

A.turn away B.be turned away

C.turn up D.be turned back

分析：B。該題考查由turn組成的詞語辨析。turn away“解雇”，turn up“發(fā)生”，turn back“折回”。此句意思是：那些被解雇的人拒絕離開。

題4 It was food and water __________once a day.

A.that were given out B.which was given out

C.which were given out D.that gave out

分析：A。該題是一個強調(diào)句型，主語是food and water,謂語動詞應用復數(shù)。give out“分配”，與主語是被動關系，所以答案應選A。

題5 （NMET 1996）

You didn’t let me drive. If we _______in turn, you _________so tired.

A.drove; didn’t get B.drove; wouldn’t get

C.were driving; wouldn’t get D.had driven; wouldn’t have got

分析：D。含有if從句的虛擬語氣表示過去發(fā)生的事，從句用過去完成時，主句用過去將來完成時，即would + have + 過去分詞。這句話意思是：你不讓我開車。如果我們輪流開車，你不會那么累。

題6 （NMET 2001）

Visitors___________not to touch the exhibits.

A.will request B.request C.are requesting D.are requested

分析：D。該題考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。題干所表示的是經(jīng)常性的動作，須用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是謂語動作的承受者，須用被動語態(tài)，所以答案選D。空白后的not to touch the exhibits是不定式的否定式，在句中作賓語補足語。題7 The matter___________your fate cannot be taken for granted.

A.relating to B.related to C.relate to D.to relate to

分析：B。該題考查動詞relate用法。relate to…“與……有關”，此處是過去分詞作matter的后置定語，相當于一個定語從句：The matter which/that is related to your fate…take.for granted“想當然”。由此可以判斷B為正確答案。

題8 If you keep on, you’ll succeed__________.

A.in time B.at one time C.at the same time D.on time

分析：A。該題考查介詞短評的辨析。in time有“及時”之意，還有“遲早、總有一天”的含義，相當于sooner or later。其他選項均不合題意。