一、單元考點(diǎn)提示
1、單詞
A break,bring/take/fetch/carry,each/every,everyone,explain,in/after,keep,make
B agree,have on/wear/put on/dress/in,Let’s, mean,other/another/the other,result,
supply
2、短語
A in fact,a few of ,in order to/in order that, at all,make sure
B take a +noun, a great many, at least, all over
3、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1.explain sth.to sb.
2.stop sb./sth.from doing sth.
3.so that 引導(dǎo)的從句
4．與how有關(guān)的句型:
①How long… ? ②How far…？
③How often…？ ④How soon…？
4、日常交際用語
1.以why 打頭的特殊疑問句就行為目的進(jìn)行提問,用不定式來回答：
1)-Why do you sow cabbages?
-To feed my family.
2)-Why don’t you put the box in the sun?
-To stop the sun from burning the little plants.
3)-Why do you apply fertillizer to the plants?
-To make them grow big and strong.
2.口語中也可使用so that 引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)略回答：
-Why do you water them?
-So that the soil won’t get too dry.
二、考點(diǎn)精析與拓展
I.單詞和詞組
1.feed vt. 喂養(yǎng)；以……為。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
feed…with/on sth . feed sth . to
①She feeds her baby with /on cow’s milk./she feeds cow’s milk to her baby.她用牛奶喂孩子。
②I feed my cat with/on fish./I feed fish to my cat .我用魚喂貓。
另外：feed (vi.)on 相當(dāng)于live on , 意為“以……為主食”。
Sheep feed mainly on grass.羊以草為主食。
2.the rest 其余的人或物�？商娲蓴�(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞數(shù)的形式應(yīng)由替代的名詞形式?jīng)Q定。
①These three books are mine.The rest are his .這三本書是我的，其余的是他的。
②Just give me a glass of the beer ; the rest is yours.給我一杯啤酒就行，其余的歸你。
3.bring/take/fetch(get)/carry
①bring向著說話人的地方“帶來；拿來”。
②take由說話人的地方“帶走；拿去”。
③fetch(get)由說話人的地方“去拿來、帶來”，指往返雙程。
④carry“攜帶；搬運(yùn)；運(yùn)送”，無方向性。
4. free adj.
(1)空閑的；有空的。
Are you free tomorrow?明天你有空嗎？
（2）免費(fèi)的；無償?shù)摹?/p>
①Do you enjoy free medical care ?你享受免費(fèi)醫(yī)療嗎？
②-Why are you so happy?你怎么那么高興？
-Because I got two free ticket. 我免費(fèi)弄到兩張票。
(3)自由的。
①The birds in the cage wish to be free.籠中之鳥盼望自由。
②You are free to say anything you want to at the meeting .會(huì)上你可以暢所欲言。
5.how long/how soon/how far/how often
(1)how long 多久。表示一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)是延續(xù)性的。是對(duì)for 或since等所表示的時(shí)間狀語的提問。
-How long have you lived here ?你在這里住多久了？
①-For three years.3年了。
②-Since 1997.從1997年至今。
③-Since I graduated from college.從大學(xué)畢業(yè)至今。
(2)how soon (將來)多久；（過）多久（以后）。是對(duì)in 所表示的時(shí)間狀語的提問。
-How soon can you finish the work?多久你能完成這工作？
-In three hours. 3小時(shí)后。
（3）how far 多遠(yuǎn)。用來提問距離。
-How far is your hometown from here?你家鄉(xiāng)離這里多遠(yuǎn)？
-Twenty kilometres.20公里。
(4)how often(每隔)多久；多經(jīng)常。用來提問頻度。
-How often do you usually go home?你多久回家一次？
-Twice a month. 一個(gè)月兩次。
6.take/have a look at 看一下。該動(dòng)詞短語比look at 更側(cè)著于一次性動(dòng)作，即“看一眼”。
Can I take/have a look at your new watch?我看一看你新買的手表好嗎？
類似的短語還有：take /have a rest /an exam/a bath等。
7.put on /pull on/wear/have on /dress/in
(1)put on 和pull on 穿上；戴上。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，以衣物作賓語，著重于穿、戴的動(dòng)作。put on 為普通用語；pull on多用于穿襪子、戴手套或比較隨便地穿上。
①It’s cold outside.You’d better put on your hat.外面很冷，你最好戴上帽子。
②She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly.她穿上大衣，匆忙地走了。
(2)wear 和have on 穿著；戴著。相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，有衣物作賓語，著重于穿、戴的狀態(tài)。have on不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
①He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿著黑鞋。
②She is wearing/has on a red coat她穿著紅大衣。
(3)dress 穿；戴�？捎米骷拔飫�(dòng)詞，以人作賓語，即dress sb.（給某人穿衣）；也可用作不及物動(dòng)詞。既可強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，又可表示狀態(tài)，表示狀態(tài)時(shí)常用be dressed in 結(jié)構(gòu)。此外dress還可用作名詞。
①M(fèi)ary is dressing her daughter.瑪麗正給她女兒穿衣服。
②She usually dresses well.她總是穿得很好。
③He is dressed in a black jacket.他穿著黑上衣。
(4)in 穿著；戴著。是介詞，以衣物或表示顏色的名詞作賓語，表示狀態(tài)。構(gòu)成的介詞短詞可作表語或定語。
①M(fèi)y brother is in a blue jacket.我弟弟穿著藍(lán)上衣。
②The boy in a blue jacket is my brother.穿藍(lán)上衣的孩子是我弟弟。
③My brother is in blue.我弟弟穿著藍(lán)衣服。
8.do walking 步行。“do + 動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“干某事，有較靈活的譯法。
do reading(讀書)/washing(洗衣服)/cooking(做飯)/shopping
(買東西)/cleaning(打掃除)等。
9.news:information新聞；消息。為不可數(shù)名詞，如果表示“幾條消息”，應(yīng)用piece。
①The news is true.這條消息是真的。
②a piece of news 一條新聞；一則消息。two pieces of news 兩條新聞；兩則消息。several pieces of news幾條新聞；幾則消息。
10.agree 同意。常用桔構(gòu)：
(1)agree on 對(duì)……取得一致意見或達(dá)成協(xié)議。主語必須是兩者以上。也常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，表示“（某事）是大家都同意的”。
①They agreed on the date for the next meeting.對(duì)下次會(huì)議的日期他們達(dá)成了一致意見。
②At last,the plan was agreed on. 最后，這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃通過了。
(2)agree to 同意；贊成。to 為介詞，后接表示“建議；辦法；計(jì)劃”等名詞。
①Do you agree to my plan?你同意我的計(jì)劃嗎？
②The headmaster has agreed to our suggestion for the holiday.校長(zhǎng)同意了我們度假的建議。
(3)agree with同意；贊成。后接sb. 或what 從句。
I agree with you ,but I don’t agree with what he said.我同意你的意見，但我不同意他所說的。另外，agree with還有“與……相適應(yīng)/相一致”的意思。
The climate here doesn’t agree with me .我不適應(yīng)這里的氣候。
(4)agree to do sth.同意、答應(yīng)做某事。
Do you agree to go with us if we agree to lend you some money?
如果我們答應(yīng)借錢給你，你同意和我們一起去嗎？
11.at (the) least 至少；最少。反義詞組為at (the)most至多；最多。
-Mr Smith looks older than his real age.In fact,he is at (the)most 40 years old.史密斯先生很顯老，實(shí)際上他最多40歲。
-Oh, really?I thought he was 50 years old at (the)least.噢，真的嗎？我以為他至少50歲了。
12.Supply vt.供應(yīng)；提供給。常用結(jié)構(gòu)：
supply sb. with sth./supply sth. to sb.兩種結(jié)構(gòu)常�？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換。
①The factory supplies us with some parts of the car.
The factory supplies some parts of the car to us.這家工廠為我們提供一些汽車零部件。
②The peasants supply vegetables to the city.
The peasants supply the city with vegetables.農(nóng)民們?yōu)槌鞘刑峁┦璨恕?/p>
13. Plenty of 許多；大量。既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
①There is plenty of rain here in china.在中國(guó)這個(gè)地方雨量充足。
②Plenty of trees have been planted along the road.路旁種了很多樹。
表示“許多；大量”之意，用來修飾名詞的詞和詞組可以分為三類:
many
many a
a great/good many(of) +可數(shù)名詞
(1) scores of
agreat/good/large number of
numbers of
much
a great/good deal of
(2) a large/great amount of +不可數(shù)名詞
large/great amounts of
a lot of
lots of
(3) plenty of +可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞
a large/great quantity of
large/great quantities of
14.begin(…)with…從……開始（…）
①Knowledge begins with practice.知識(shí)來自實(shí)踐。
②Let’s begin(this unit) with the words and expressions.咱們從單詞和短語開始學(xué)（這個(gè)單元）。
15.其他：
（1）cover…with…（be covered with…）用……覆蓋。
(2)by oneself獨(dú)立地（做某事）。
（3）in fact 事實(shí)上。
(4)carry away帶走；wash away沖走。
(5)cut down 砍倒；砍掉。
(6)knock down撞倒；打倒。
(7)break thd rule/law違反規(guī)定/法律；obey/keep/follow the rule/law遵守規(guī)定/法律。
(8)in the past (在)過去。
(9)grow up 成長(zhǎng)；長(zhǎng)大。
(10)go (out) for a drive/walk/picnic etc.駕車出游/去散步/去野餐等。
(11)on Monday/Sunday etc.在星期一/星期天等。
(12)grow to/increase to 增長(zhǎng)到；增加到。
(13)all over China/the world全中國(guó)/全世界。
(14)far away 遙遠(yuǎn)。
(15)set up建立；成立。
II．句型
1.so that 以便于；目的是為了。相當(dāng)于in order that,引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。從句中常帶有may/might;can/could;will/would/should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
①He got up early so that he might catch the first bus.他早起為的是趕上第一班車。
②I put on my glasses so that I could see more clearly.我戴上眼鏡為的是看得清楚點(diǎn)。
③He spoke loud so that everyone could hear him.他大聲說是為了讓大家都能聽到。
以上各句中的so that均可用in order that代替。
當(dāng)so that從句的主語與主句主語一致時(shí)，常可簡(jiǎn)化為in order to或so as to 結(jié)構(gòu)。
上面的①②句可轉(zhuǎn)換為：
①He got up early in order to catch the first bus.
②I put on my glasses in order to see more clearly.
上面的③句不可簡(jiǎn)化。但：
He spoke loud so that he could be heard by everyone.可轉(zhuǎn)換為：He spoke loud in order to be heard by everyone.
注意：in order that/in order to 表示目的時(shí)，可置于句首；so that/so as to 表示目的時(shí)不能置于句首。
2.stop…from doing sth.阻止……做某事。stop也可換為prevent 或keep.
①Nothing can stop/prevent/keep us from doing that. 沒有什么能阻止我們那樣做
②This is the best way to stop/prevent/keep such a thing from
happening again.防止這樣的事再次發(fā)生這是最好的辦法。
當(dāng)該句型用到動(dòng)詞stop或prevent時(shí)，后面的from可以省略。
I tried to stop/prevent him(from)smoking, but I failed.我試圖勸他戒煙，但沒成功。
但當(dāng)用到動(dòng)詞keep時(shí)，from不能省略。因?yàn)槭÷院蟮玫降氖橇硪痪湫蚹eep…doing sth.意為“使……不斷地做某事”。
I’m sorry I’ve kept you waiting for so long .很抱歉讓你久等了。
3.make……do sth.使……做某事。做補(bǔ)語的不定式不帶to,但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中則帶to,即:be made to do sth.
The landlord made him work 12 hours a day.地主讓他一天干12個(gè)小時(shí)的活。
被動(dòng)式：He was made to work 12 hours a day(by the landlord).
與make意義相近的詞還有l(wèi)et/have/get,但get的使用結(jié)構(gòu)為:get…to do sth.
How can we get the trees to grow quicker?我們?cè)趺茨茏寴溟L(zhǎng)快點(diǎn)呢？
4. How long have you had it?你買了多久了？
瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞come/go/leave/start/arrive/buy/die/join/borrow/marry等不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。如how long, for 和 since所表示的時(shí)間。
①他去世三年了。
不能說：He has died for 3 years.
而應(yīng)說：He has been dead for 3 years/He died 3 years ago。It is 3 years since he died.
②他參軍多久了？
不能說：How long has he joined the army?
而應(yīng)說：How long has he been in the army?/How long has he been a soldier?/How long is it since he joined the army?
5.Not all the parts of the car will be made in the factory.并非所有的汽車零件都在這個(gè)工廠里制造。
not 與總括詞（即表示全部意義的詞）連用，表示部分否定。not 有兩個(gè)位置，可放在總括詞前，也可用來否定謂語。不管總括詞在句中作主語，還是作賓語、狀語，都表示部分否定。
常見的總括詞有：both/all/every/everyone/everybody/everything
/everywhere.
①Not all of them go in for sports.他們并不都喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。
相當(dāng)于：All of them don’t go in for sports.
或：Some of them go in for sports,but others don’t.
②I don’t like both of the novels.這兩部小說我并不都喜歡。
相當(dāng)于:I like only of the novels.
③You can’t get this kind of vegetables everywhere.這種疏菜你并不是在哪里都能買到。
相當(dāng)于：You can only get this kind of vegetables somewhere.
如果表示全部否定則應(yīng)用：neither(兩者)/none(多者)/no one/nobody/nothing/nowhere.
①None of them go /goes in for sports.他們都不喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)。
②I like neither of the novels.這兩部小說我都不喜歡。
③You can get this kind of vegetables nowhere.在哪里你也買不到這種疏菜。
6．spend vt.花費(fèi)；用。其主語為“人”，賓語為“金錢”或“時(shí)間”；后面可搭配介詞“on + 名詞/代詞”，或“in(可以省略) + 動(dòng)名詞”。
使用句式為：sb. + money/time + on sth./(in)doing sth.
①They spent 2000 yuan on the TV set./They spent 2000 yuan(in)buying the TV set.他們花了2000元這臺(tái)買電視機(jī)。
②The writer spent 2 years(in) writing the novel./on the novel.這位作家花了兩年時(shí)間寫這部小說。
另外：“花錢”還常用以下兩個(gè)句式：sb.+ pay money + for sth./sth.+cost sb.+money
①They paid 2000 yuan for the TV set.
②The TV set cost them 2000 yuan.
“花時(shí)間”還常用It takes sb. some time to do sth. 句式。
It took the writer 2 years to write the novel.
7.as…as possible:as…as one can盡可能地…….
①I’ll come back as soon as possible.我盡可能地……
②Get up as early as possible tomorrow morning. 明天早晨盡量早起。
三、經(jīng)典名題導(dǎo)解
1.If city noises_______ from increasing, people_______shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now .(92年高考題)
A. are not kept, will have to
B. are not kept,have to
C. do not keep, will have to
D. don’t not keep, have to
答案：A
命題目的：考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。
解題思路：本題題意為：“如果不阻止城市噪音的話，從現(xiàn)在起20年后人們將在吃飯的時(shí)候大聲喊叫才能聽見�！敝骶溆弥鲃�(dòng)語態(tài)，從句用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，語態(tài)的確定就看與主語的關(guān)系，主動(dòng)關(guān)系用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，被動(dòng)關(guān)系用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。本題中“20 years from now”是關(guān)鍵，故用將來時(shí)態(tài)。
誤點(diǎn)突破：B項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)不對(duì)，C項(xiàng)語態(tài)不對(duì)，D 項(xiàng)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)都不對(duì)，
2.Tom kept quiet about the accident______ lose his job.(90年高考題)
A.so not as to B.so as not to
C.so as to not D.not so as to
答案：B
命題目的：考查不定式的否定形式。
解題思路：根據(jù)題意與選項(xiàng)，不定式的否定式是not + 不定式，作目的狀語的不定式的否定式則是：in order not to do ,so as not to do ,或not to do ,故此選B。表目的的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別：in order to do ,to do 可放句首或句中，而so as to do 只能放句中。
誤點(diǎn)突破：A、C、D項(xiàng)其否定詞not 位置不對(duì)。
3．Jane was made________ the truck for a week as a punishment.(91年高考題)
A. to wash B.washing
C.wash D.to be washing
答案：A
命題目的：考查不這定形式做賓補(bǔ)的情況
解題思路：在英語中的使役動(dòng)詞：make,let ,have,感官動(dòng)詞：see , notice, observe,watch,hear, feel等詞 + 賓語 + 不帶to 的不定式句型變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)不定式符號(hào)不能省。例如：I often hear him read English.我常常聽見他讀英語。He is often heard to read English.故此要選答案A。
誤點(diǎn)突破：B、D 項(xiàng)make后面無此搭配，C項(xiàng)不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
4.when Jack arrived he learned Mary______ for almost an hour.(92年高考題)
A.had gone B. had set off
C.had left D. had been away
答案：D
命題目的：考查延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的使用。
解題思路：本題意為“當(dāng)杰克到達(dá)時(shí)，他才知道瑪麗走了幾乎一個(gè)小時(shí)了”。根據(jù)題意此題應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)語，因題后有一段時(shí)間狀語。英語中要接一段時(shí)間，必須要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，否則句子就錯(cuò)了。例如：錯(cuò)句:His grandfather died for five years.正句：His grandfather has been dead for five years.或:It is five years since his grandfather died.
誤點(diǎn)突破：A、B、C答案均為瞬間動(dòng)詞，不能跟一段時(shí)間狀語，故不能選 。
5.We agreed_____ here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.(95年高考題)
A.having met B. meeting
C.to meet D. to have met
答案：C
命題目的：考查單詞agree的用法。
解題思路：要表示“同意做某事”用agree to do sth agree 后只執(zhí)著不定式的一般式，不接v-ing 詞。單詞agree還有如下的用法：agree with sb 同意某人的意見，agree to sth 同意某事，agree on sth。在某事上意見一致。
誤點(diǎn)突破：A、B 答案不符合結(jié)構(gòu)，不說agree doing sth,D答案是agree后不接不定式的完成式。