（一）考綱要求

考綱規(guī)定，冠詞考查基本用法，包括定冠詞與不定冠詞，不定冠詞a與an的區(qū)別；不用冠詞的情況；習語中的冠詞；特指與泛指等。

（二）命題導向

冠詞規(guī)則的靈活運用是高考命題的一個熱點，幾乎每年高考題的單項選擇或完形填空都有涉及冠詞的題目，不定冠詞和定冠詞的一些特殊用法，習慣用法及不用冠詞的情況是高考重點考查的知識點。

（三）基本用法

當代語法把冠詞分為不定冠詞、定冠詞和零冠詞（即不用冠詞）三種。冠詞是一種虛詞，起限定作用，是最主要最典型的限定詞，放在名詞（或名詞化的形容詞分詞）前面，說明其所指的人或物。

1、定冠詞的基本用法：

① 表示上文提到過的人或事物。如：I have bought a book. The book is very useful.

② 用于說話人與聽話人心中都有數(shù)的人或事物。如：Close the window, please.

③ 用于表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world等。

④ 用于表示方位的名詞之前。如：the east, the right.

⑤ 用于序數(shù)詞或形容詞的最高級之前。如：the first, the tallest.

⑥ 用于形容詞之前，使其名詞化。如：the sick, the wounded.

⑦ 用于由普通名詞構成的專有名詞之前。如：the United States, the United Nation.

⑧ 用于江河、海洋、海峽、山脈、群島、建筑物等的名詞之前。如：the Changjiang River, the East Lake.

⑨ 用于復數(shù)姓氏之前，表示“夫婦”或“全家”。如：The Smiths

⑩ 用于樂器的名詞前。如：play the piano; play the violin.

⑾　發(fā)明物。如：The compass was invented in China.

⑿　年代名詞前。如：He lived in the countryside in the 1970s.

　　⒀　固定詞組中。如：in the morning(afternoon, evening), on the other hand , at the same time

2、不定冠詞的基本用法：

① 泛指一個。如：There is a book on the table.

② 指人或事物的某一種類。如：His father is a driver. Longjing is a wonderful tea.

③ 指某一個人或事物，但不具體說明。如：My sister was saved by a PLA man in the fire.

④ 用于某一些表示重量、長度、時間等單位前，表示“每一”。如：We have meals three times a day.（我們一天吃三餐。）

⑤ 表示同樣的。如：They are of an age.（他們是同歲。）

⑥ 表數(shù)量，相當于one,但語意較弱。如：There is a pen and two books on the desk.

　　⑦ 使抽象名詞具體化。如：The little girl is a help to her mother. （a hand譯"幫手"）

　　⑧ 固定搭配。如：as a matter of fact , in a hurry, in a word

3、不用冠詞的情況：

① 表示總稱的復數(shù)名詞之前。如：Children love cartoons.（兒童喜歡卡通影片。）

② 不含普通名詞的專有名詞前。如：We are studying English.

③ 名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞、不定代詞或名詞所有格修飾時。如：I like this picture; I do not have any money; As time went on, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.

④ 季節(jié)、月份、星期等名詞前，一般不用冠詞。如：She likes spring most.

⑤ 呼語前不用冠詞。如：What shall I do next, Mother?

⑥ 三餐飯前不用冠詞。如：What did you have for lunch?

⑦ 節(jié)假日前不用冠詞。如：People give gifts to each other on Christmas Day.

⑧ 球類和棋類運動的名稱前不用冠詞。如：She is fond of playing basketball.

⑨ 在一些成對出現(xiàn)的短語中不用冠詞。如：arm in arm（手挽手）; hand in hand（手牽手）; side by side（肩對肩）; day and day（日日夜夜）; young and old（老老少少）; from door to door（挨門挨戶）; from beginning to end（從頭到尾）; from morning till night（從早到晚）等。

練習（一）、冠 詞

1. In America, ____ car is ____ popular means of transportation（交通設施）.

A. the, the B. a, the C. the, / D. the, a

2. ---- What happened? ---- They left in such ____ hurry that they forgot to lock ____ door.

A. a, a B. a, the C. /, the D. /, a

3. There were two small rooms in the house, ____ smaller of which served as ____ kitchen.

A. a, the B. the, a C. the, the D. a, a

4. I ordered ____ book some time ago. ____ book has arrived.

A. a, The B. the, A C. a, A D. /, The

5. Mr Smith is ____ European and his wife is ____ American.

A. an, an B. a, a C. a, an D. an, a

6. Lesson 10 is ____ most difficult lesson, but it isn’t ____ most difficult lesson in Book One.

A. a, a B. a, the C. the, the D. the, a

7. My sister works in a factory. She goes home once ____ month. A. a B. an C. the D. every

8. He was absent because he had caught ____.

A. heavy a cold B. the heavy cold C. a heavy cold D. heavy cold

9. ____ water is ____ liquid. A. The, a B. A, a C. /, / D. /, a

10. In winter ____ people often hang up wet clothes near ____ fire.

A. /, / B. a, a C. /, a D. the, a

11. He has tried twice, and the captain asks him to have ____ third try.

A. a B. the C. another D. other

12. He was a top student in the class, he often got ____ in English.

A. first B. a first C. second D. the second

13. ____ horse is ____ useful animal. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, an D. /, a

14. Tom left Shanghai in ____.

A. the summer 1995 B. summer 1995 C. 1995 the summer D. the summer of 1995

15. ____ children here live ____ most happy life. A. The, the B. The, a C. The, / D. /, the

16. The soldier died during ____ World War I. A. the B. the first C. / D. a

17. In ____ Marx began to learn Russian.

A. a 1870 B. 1870s C. the year of 1870 D. the 1870s

18. Alice is ____ of the two girls. A. taller B. the tall C. more tall D. the taller

19. ---- Can your sister play ____? ---- No, but she can play ____.

A. the tennis, the piano B. tennis, piano C. the tennis, piano D. tennis, the piano

20. The introduction is always in ____ of a book.

A. front B. the front C. a front D. instead

21. She touched her daughter gently ____ shoulder.

A. in her B. on her C. in the D. on the

22. Both ____ wounded and ____ sick were sent to safety.

A. /, / B. the, the C. /, the D. the, /

23. ____ doctors and ____ nurses should care for their patients.

A. The, the B. /, / C. The, / D. /, the

24. Tell us the story as ____ Mother told you. A. a B. the C. an D. /

25. Do you know how long ____ has lived on the earth?

A. man B. the man C. a man D. men

26. The man was once thrown into ____ prison for robbing the bank. A. a B. an C. the D./

27. ____ Mount Tai is in the east of China. A. A B. The C. / D. That

28. I like ____ history. I am studying ____ history of China.

A. the, / B. /, the C. a, / D. /, a

29. He wrote a letter ____ pencil. A. with B. in C. in a D. use a

30. On October 1, the Chinese people celebrated ____ with new achievements and victories.

A. National Day B. the National Day C. our National Day D. a National Day

練習（二）、冠 詞

1. ---You mean you know the man? 　---I know________ man exactly like him.

　　 A. other 　 B. the 　 C. / 　 D. a

2. Wouldn't it be_________ wonderful world if all nations live in ________peace with one another?

　　 A. a, / 　 B. the, / 　 C. a, the　 D. the, the

3. ---I hear that as many as 1,500 people were killed in the earthquake.

　---Yes, ________ news came as ________ shock to us.

　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. /, / 　 D. /, a

4. At midnight they reached ________ small village ________ east of ______ Everwhite Mountain.

　　 A. a,/, the 　 B. a,/, / 　 C. the, the, the　 D. the, an, an

5. Nanjing lies on ________ Changjiang River and has ________ population of more than four million.

　　 A. the, the 　 B. the, / 　 C. the, a　 D. /, a

6. Bill Clinton took ________ office on January 20th, 1993 and left ________ office on January 20th, 2001.

　　 A. /, / 　 B. his, his 　 C. the, the　 D. an, his

7. We learn to go all out to work for ____ good of ____ society.

　　 A. the, / 　 B. /, / 　 C. /, a 　 D. the, the

8. Paris is ____ most beautiful city, where you can see ____ famous Eiffel Tower.

　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, a　 D. the, the

9. ---What about ____ bike? ---Do you think it all right to buy him ____ bike as ____ birthday present?

　　 A. the, the, the 　B. a, the, a 　 C. the, a, the　 D. the, the, a

10. He had decided to give it up, but on ____ second thoughts he decided to try ____ third time.

　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, a　 D. /, a

11. Towards ____ morning, ____ heavy rain began to fall.

　　 A. the, a 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. the, /

12. ---Excuse me, where are ____ books for biology?

　---Follow me. They' re on this shelf. Do you want ____ new or used book?

　　 A. a, a 　 B. a, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, the

13. Young as he is, David has gained ____ rich experience in ____ society.

　　 A. /, / 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, / 　 D./, the

14. ---My son is lost. Did you see a boy passing by?

　---I saw ____ boy hidden behind ____ tree over there. You may go and have a look.

　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, the 　 C. a, the　 D. the, a

15. Mary climbed to the top of the mountain in ____ hurry, looked down and found in ____ surprise that ____ whole town took on a new look.

　　 A. a, the, the 　 B. a,/,the 　 C. /,/,the 　 D. /,/,a

16. In ____ old society many young women died by so curious and cruel ____ custom.

　　 A. an, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, a 　 D. the, /

17. ---You' re sure to help me find ____ bed for my new house?

　---Sure, but not now. I'm heading for ____ bed and a good sleep.

　　 A. a, a 　 B. the, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /

18. The wheel is thought to be _____ first invention of _____ transportation.

　　 A. the, the 　 B. a, a 　 C. a, / 　 D. the, /

19. Some people say that ____ British are _____ funny people.

　　 A. the, a 　 B. /, the 　 C. /, / 　 D. the, /

20. Don' t worry about _____ mistakes. They' re _____ natural part of learning.

　　 A. /, a 　 B. the, / 　 C. /, the 　 D. the, the

21. ---Selma looks especially pretty tonight. 　 ---Yes, she always looks her best in _____ of that kind.

　　 A. the dress 　 B. a dress 　 C. dress 　 D. the dresses

22. --- _____did you think of the exhibition? 　---Oh, it was ____ success.

　　 A. How, really a B. What, great 　 C. How, / 　 D. What, quite a

23. The child had only _____ slight temperature, but the doctor regarded _____ illness as serious enough for ____ hospital treatment.

　　 A. /,/,the 　 B. a,/,/ 　 C. a, the,/　 D. /,the, the

24. ---Did you have ____ wonderful time yesterday? 　　 ---Yes. I was on _____ top of _____ world.

　　 A. /, the, a 　 B. a, /, the 　 C. a, a, the 　 D. a, the, the

25. I don' t usually have _____ breakfast, but I always eat _____ good lunch.

　　 A. /, / 　 B. /, a 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, the

26. ---I hear there'll be ____ talk on English study tomorrow morning.

　---Do you mean ____ speech our teacher asked us to listen to?

　　 A. a, the 　 B. the, a 　 C. the, the 　 D. a, a

27. Mr. Stock runs _____ small business, who is in ____ Mexico on business.

　　 A. a, a 　 B. /, / 　 C. a, the 　 D. a, /

28. Although _____ motor car has been with us for almost a century, I have never been able to drive_____ American one.

　　 A. a, the 　 B. a, / 　 C. the, an　 D. the, the

29. Xi'an was _____ starting point of _____ world-famous Silk Road.

　　 A. /, / 　 B. a, a 　 C. the, /　 D. the, the

30. ---What does "on _____one hand…on _____other" means?

　---What_____great fun! You're asking me such a simple question.

　　 A. the, the, / 　 B. the, the, a 　 C. /, the, a　 D. /, the, /

31. Alexander Gramha Bell invented ____telephone in 1876. (MET1991)

　　 A./;　 B. a　 C. the　 D. one

32.After watching ____TV, she played ____violin for an hour.

　　 A./;/　 B. the ; the　 C. the; /　 D./;the （ MET1991 11）

33. ---Where's jack ? ---I think he's still _____in bed, but he might just be in ____bathroom.

　 A./; /　 B. the; the　 C. the; /　 D./; the （ MET1992 36）

34.Many people are still in ___habit of writing silly things in ___public places.

　 A. the ; the　 B./; /　 C. the; /　 D./; the （MET 1993 19）

35.She is ___newcomer to ___chemistry but she has already made some important discoveries.

　　 A. the; the　 B. the ; /　 C. a; /　 D. a ; the （NMET1994 20）

36.Wouldn't it be ___wonderful world if all nations lived in ___peace with one another?

　　 A. a; /　B. the; /　C. a; the　D. the; the （NMET1994 23）

37.Many people agree that ___knowledge of English is a must in __international trade today.

　　 A. a; /　 B. the; an　 C. the; the　 D./;the （NMET 1996 13）

38. Paper money was in ___use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ___thirteenth century.

　　 A. the ; /　 B. the; the　 C./; the　 D./; /（NMET 1999 8）

39.It is not true in ___that people in ___fifties are going to university for further education .

A.90s; their　 B. the 90s; /　 C.90s; / D. the 90s; their（1999.上海 6）

40.Most animals have little connection with ____animals of ___different kind unless they kill them for food.

　　 A. the; a　 B./; a　 C. the ; the　 D./; the (NMET2000 10)

41.---Have you seen ___pen ? I left it here this morning.

　 ---Is it ___black one ?I think I saw it somewhere.(NMET1997 7)

　　 A. a; the　 B. the; the　 C. the ; a　 D. a; a

42.Summers in ___ south of France are for ___most part dry and sunny.

　　 A./; a　 B. the; /　 C./; /　 D. the ; the (2000.春招 8)

43.I don't like talking on ____ telephone; I prefer writing _____letters.(2002春招 26)

　　 A. a; the　 B. the ;不填　 C. the; the　 D. was killing

44.Jumping out of ___airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____exciting experience.(NMET 2002,26)

　　 A./;the　 B./;an　 C. an; an　 D. the; the

45. ---I don't like_____New York at all. 　---But this isn't_____ New York you remember.

　　 A. the, the 　 B. /, the 　 C. the, / 　 D. /, a