Unit 8 Sports
一、學習目標和要求
1．學習和掌握以下單詞和習慣用語
單詞
BC; Athens; continent; well-known; athlete; gold; medal; torch; host; Los Angels; Los Angels Lakers; badminton; Miami Heat; Manchester United; Leeds; shooting; AD; Greece; wrestling; competitor; motto; swift; Carl Lewis; rank; gymnastics; weight; weigh; venue; prepare; preparation; flag; profile; height; Houston Rockets; superstar; point; skill; professional; gesture; facial
習慣用語
stand for; would rather; take part in; join in; in preparation for
2．功能意念項目
1）學會用英語談論體育運動。
2）學會用英語談論奧林匹克運動會。
3）學會用英語談論興趣和愛好。
3．語法
學習一般將來時的被動語態。復習句子類型（主謂、主謂賓、主系表、There be等句型)。
4．語言運用
運用所學語言，圍繞體育運動這一題材，完成教科書中規定的聽、說、讀、寫的任務；閱讀課文“THE OLYMPIC GAMES”，確切理解并完成有關課文內容和練習，學會用英語寫某一體育明星的簡歷。
二、學習指導
1．單詞和習慣用語的用法
1) stand for 代表, 象征,; 支持, 主張, 贊成; 參加...的競選; 容忍
當主語是縮寫字母時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。
例：GNP stands for gross national product. GNP代表國民生產總值。
P.O. stands for postal order. P.O.表示郵政匯票。
The letters PLA stand for the People’s Republic of China.
PLA這幾個字母代表中國人民解放軍。
Do you stand for or against this principle?
你是支持還是反對這個原則？
We’ve always stand for a peaceful settlement of the border dispute.
我們一向主張和平解決邊界爭端。
We’ve consistently stood for negotiations through diplomatic channel to reach a fair solution of Iraqi problem.
我們一貫主張通過外交途徑，公平合理地解決伊拉克問題。
Mr. Jackson is to stand for governor.杰克遜先生將做州長候選人。
I won’t stand for his unreasonable demands any longer.
我再也不會容忍他的無理要求了。
2) well-known adj.眾所周知的；有名的；清楚明白的
例：Zhao Dan was a well-known Chinese performer.
趙丹是中國著名的表演家。
be/become well-known/known/famous for因...而出名
be/become well-known/known/famous as被稱為，作為...而出名
be well-known/known to all 眾所周知
例：Today he is well-known as a model leader.今天他是有名的模范領導人。
She was better known as a poet. 作為詩人，他名望更大。
Guilin is known for its beautiful sceneries. 桂林因風景優美而出名。
It is well-known to all that the Great Wall is a place of interest in China.
眾所周知，長城是中國的一處名勝。
3) gold n. 黃金；金幣；貴重的東西；高貴(純潔) adj. 金的；金制的
例：People from the East rushed to California for gold.
東部的人們都涌向加州去淘金。
He wore a gold watch. 他帶著一塊金表。
He paid in gold and turned to the door.
他用金幣付了錢，然后轉身向門口走去。
He has a heart of gold.他又一顆高貴的心。
She has a voice of gold and sings beautifully.
她有一副金嗓子，唱歌很甜美。
gold & golden
gold表示金制品; golden是指 “金色的”；還表示 “珍貴的；絕好的”
例：A girl with golden hair was walking at the other side of the street.
一位金發女郎走在大街的另一側。
It is a golden opportunity for him to go to Britain to learn English.
讓他去英國學英語真是一次良機。
注：golden是由gold + 后綴 -en構成的形容詞，再如：earthen(泥的); oaken(橡木制的); waxen(臘的); wooden(木料的，木料制的); wool(l)en(羊毛的)；以-en構成的形容詞往往還可以作比喻用。如：the Golden Age黃金時代；wooden head.呆子。
4) host n. 主人(對賓客而言.hostess女主人, 女房東, 女老板, 女服務員);
(廣播, 電視的)節目主持人; 旅館老板；一大群, 極多；
vt. 主辦(宴會等); 款待, 作主人招待；作東，
例：I have a whole host of things to do today.我今天有一大堆事情要做。
Beijing has been chosen as host for the 2008 Olympic games.
北京被選為舉辦2008奧運會的主辦城市。
Mr Brown was our host at the party. 布朗先生是我們晚會的主人。
The host team and the guest team won each of the games, so they were even with each other. 客隊和主隊各贏一場,現在他們兩隊打平了。
He has a whole host of difficulties in learning English.
他學英語有許許多多困難。
The conference was hosted by that committee.
該委員會充當這個會議的東道主。
I still remember the garden party he had hosted last spring.
去年春天他主辦的花園聚會。
5) shoot v. 擊中；射擊(shoot at之向某人或某物射擊并未打中)
例：He shot a deer and killed it dead.他擊中了一只鳥并射殺了它。
He shot at the bird, but missed it.他向鳥射擊但沒打中。
He was shot in the arm.他的胳膊被打中了。
She shot an angry look at me.他怒氣沖沖地瞪了我一眼。
6) would rather(US also had rather) 寧愿；寧可；與其...不如...。
would rather意為would prefer to，表示主觀上的愿望或談到將來。后接動詞原形，經常和than連用(than后也接動詞原形)，其否定式為would rather not do...。
例：I’d rather stay at home than go out.我寧可待在家里，不想出去。
I’d rather ride a bicycle rather than take a bus.
我愿意騎自行車而不愿意坐公共汽車。
---Some more wine?
---Thank you, I’d rather not. I have to drive home.
---再來點酒好嗎？
--- 不要了，我不能再喝了。我還得開車回家呢。
I’d rather還可以接完成不定式，表示對于已經發生事項在選擇上的不合適。
例：I’d rather have gone to the theatre than stayed at home last night.
我昨天晚上要是不待在家里而是去看劇就好了。
I’d rather not have stayed at home last night.
我昨晚不待在家里就好了。
would rather前后可用不同的主語來表示某人寧愿讓另一人做某事。在這種情況下，一般用過去時來表示現在或將來要做的事情。談到過去的動作，用過去完成時。
例：I’d rather you went home.我愿意現在就回家。
I’d rather you hadn’t done that.我真希望你沒做過那件事。
7) take part in參加、參與。
例：They all went to take part in the celebration. 他們都去參加慶祝。
We are having a game. Will you take part? 我們在玩，你參加嗎？
play a part (in sth) 扮演...角色，起...作用。
例：Computer plays an important part in our life.
電腦在日常生活中起重要作用。
do one’s part. 盡職責、盡一份力量。
do sb’s part 支持某人。
take part in & join in參加活動。用join in和take part in都可以，后者更強調參與性，特別是較莊重的大型的有眾多人參加的活動。
例：About one million workers joined in(=took part in) the strike
.大約一百萬工人參加了罷工。
注意：1). 積極參加take an active part in 或join actively in.
2). join sb. in... 意為“和某人一起（做某事）”而take part in則不能這樣用。join in后可不跟賓語。而take part in后必須接賓語，如不接賓語in省略。
例：They came out for their morning exercises. I also joined in.
3). join可用來表示加入某個政黨、團體、組織等。成為其中一個成員，這時join為及物動詞，后邊不接介詞in；而take part in則不能這樣用。
8) swift adj. 迅速的；快的；敏捷的；立刻的 adv. 迅速地；敏捷地
例：The government is swift to take steps to control the spread of the disease.
政府快速采取措施控制疾病蔓延。
be swift to+名／to do...：很快...的；易于（動不動就）...的
例：Carl Lewis is a swift runner. 卡爾劉易斯是一個跑得很快的人。
My baby is swift to fall; asleep.我的寶寶容易睡著。
Smith was swift to anger. 史密斯動不動就生氣。
There are swift-running rivers in the valleys.山間多有湍急的河流。
swiftly adv. 迅速的；敏捷的
例：The pickpocket took the old man’s purse swiftly.
那個扒手飛快地摸走了老人家的錢包。
9) rank vi. 列為；列隊 vt. 排列；歸類于；把...分等／分類
n. 階層，等級；地位，身份；軍階，軍銜；高地位；顯貴
例：She ranks high/first in her class.她在班上名列前茅／第一。
This town ranks high among beauty spots. 這城市在風景區中享有盛名。
When I entered the restaurant, I found the cups ranked neatly on the shelf .我進入那家飯店時發現杯子整齊地排列在架子上。
I rank her among ／with the country’s best writers.
我認為她可屬全國最優秀作家之列。
Critics rank him as a first-class painter.評論家把他評價為一流的畫家。
After two years he promoted to the rank of captain.
兩年后他晉升到上尉軍銜。
Take the taxi at the head of the rank.乘坐排在前頭的那輛出租車。
Taxis stood in a rank in front of the station.出租車在車站前排成一列。
Last year he joined the ranks of the unemployed.
去年他加入到失業者大軍（淪為失業者）。
People of all ranks took part in the strike. 各階層的人都參加了罷工。
10) weight n. 重力；重量。注意以下例句中介詞的使用。by weight的意思是“論重量，以斤兩計；in weight則指“在重量上”。如果句中有weight,詢問重量時要用what，而不是how much。
例：It is sixty grams in weight.他的重量是六十克。
Bananas are usually sold by weight.香蕉通常按重量賣。
He has grown in height and weight.他身高和體重都增加了。
Her weight has increased to 70 kilos.她的體重增加到了70公斤。
That man is twice my weight.那個男子的體重比我中一倍。
At the back of each dictionary there is a table of weights and measures.
每本字典后面都有一個度量衡表。
What is the weight of the gold coin? 這塊金幣的重量是多少？
You have put on/lost or taken off weight, haven’t you?
你體重增加／減少（變苗條）了，是不是？
weigh vt. 稱...重量；稱；估量...的輕重；考慮, 斟酌; 衡量vi. 重(若干)
例：He weighed himself on the scales.他在磅秤上稱重量。
He weighed the stone in his hand. 他用手掂了掂這塊石頭的重量。
The man weighed the fish by hand.那個男子用手估量了那條魚的重量。
She weighs fifty kilos. She weighs less than she used to.
她體重五十公斤，比以前輕多了。
How much do you weigh? 你體重多少？
They weighed the matter seriously. 他們認真考慮這件事。
Weigh your words before speaking. 將花錢要仔細考慮措辭。
He weighed the advantages and disadvantages of changing his job.
(He weighed the advantages of changing his job against disadvantages.)
他把換工作的利弊加以權衡比較。
The doctors weighed the advantages of the operation against the risks involved.
醫生們仔細考慮做這種手術的好處和危險。
11) history-making adj. 名垂青史的；開創歷史的；載入史冊的；歷史性的
例：The president’s history-making decision brought the war to an end.
總統的具有歷史性的決定使得這場戰爭得以結束。
That was a history-making discovery in medicine.
那是一項載入醫學史冊的重大發現。
history-making是合成詞，由名詞+動詞的-ing形式構成。又如：man-eating; grass-eating; shoe-making; rope-walking; air-conditioning; daylight-saving; metal-cutting; peace-making等。
12) prepare vt. .準備；預備； vi.預備；作好準備
例：The company is preparing a book fair.這家公司正在籌備書展。
All the citizens have been prepared against the disaster.
所有人都準備好防災。
They have prepared the ship for another arctic expedition.
他們再次裝備好了北極探險的船只。
Mother is preparing the meal, father is preparing his lesson while I am preparing for the exam.
媽媽在做飯菜，爸爸在備課，而我在復習功課準備考試。
I prepared the ground for the seeds. 我整理好土地準備播種。
Working on a part-time basis can prepare them for a future career.
打工為大學生將來的工作作好準備。
Will you help me prepare for the get-together of the old classmates?
你能否幫我為這次老同學聚會做好準備工作?
The team prepared themselves for defeat / to accept defeat.
這個隊心理上做好了接受失敗的準備。
The dinner is preparing.正在準備飯。
習慣用語：
be prepared for準備著；作好準備；
例：They were prepared for anything to happen. 他們已準備好應付一切。
be prepared to do能力而且愿意
例：I am prepared to lend you the money if you promise to pay it back.
我愿意把錢借給你，你得答應還給我。
be prepared against對(不好的事）已作好準備
例：We must be prepared against natural disasters.
我們要做好準備，以防自然災害。
prepare for為...作準備
例：Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.
存最好的希望，準備應付最壞的情況。
preparation n. (U) 準備；預備 (C. 通常用復數）準備工作；準備措施
例：You can’t pass the exam without preparation. 不準備就考不及格。
Preparation for the top government officers' visit are almost complete.
迎接政府高級官員來訪的準備工作差不多已全部完成。
Food preparation areas must be kept clean.制作食品的場所應保持清潔。
He has never done enough preparations for his examinations.
他對考試從來不作好充分準備的。
Was your education a good preparation for your career?
你所受的教育是否為你的事業打下了良好的基礎？
習慣用語：
be in preparation 在準備中; 在編輯中
例：The advertising is still in preparation.廣告宣傳仍在準備中。
The banquet is in preparation.宴會正在準備中。
in preparation for作為...的準備
例：They’ve sold their house and car in preparation for leaving the country.
他們賣掉了房子和汽車準備出國。
She bought a new coat in preparation for the winter.
她買了一件新大衣以備冬天之用。
make preparations against為對付...作準備
例：We are making preparations against SARS.
我們在為防“非典”作準備。
make preparations for為...作準備
例：They are busy making preparations for their wedding.
他們忙著籌備婚禮。
The country is making preparations for war/to go to war.
該國正在備戰／準備打仗。
13) height n. 高；高度；海拔
例：He is two metres in height. 他身高兩米。
The plane exploded at a height of a hundred feet above the ground
飛機在離地100英尺高度爆炸。
They measured the height of the bridge. 他們測量了橋的高度。
His height makes him stand out in the crowd.
他這么高,使他在人群中顯得很突出。
in the height of summer 盛夏
Yao Ming is a man of towering height.姚明一個很高的人。
The height of Chomolungma is about 8848 metres above sea level.
珠穆朗瑪山海拔8848米高。
習慣用語：
at the height of在...的高度, 在...的最盛時; 在...的高潮中
例：She has been at the height of her career. 她已經到了事業的最高峰。
When he wrote this excellent novel, he was at the height of his powers as a writer.他寫這部優秀小說時,正是他寫作能力的全盛時期。
The tide was at its height.潮水漲到最高點了。
on height在高處; 向高處；高聲地, 大聲地
to the height達到最高點; 達到極點；高地；高崗；高處
例：Prices rise to a great height.價格大漲。
14) point n. 點；尖端；分數；要點；小數點；時刻
vt. 弄尖；指向；指出；瞄準；加標點于
vi.指, 指向, 表明
例：The melting point of lead is lower than that of iron.鉛的熔點比鐵的低。
What do these points stand for on the map?地圖上的這些點代表什么?
It was a turning point in his career. 這是他事業上的轉折點。
Prices on the stock exchange advanced two points.
股票市場價格漲了兩點。
He was wounded by a knife point.刀尖弄傷了他。
We won by 5 points. 我們贏了5分。
Score twenty-one points 獲得二十一分
Singing is not my strong point.唱歌非我所擅長。例：
What is the point of studying after the exam?考完事后再用功有什么意義?
You have missed the whole point of the novel.你忽略這篇小說的要點。
You’ve missed the whole point.你未能抓住要點。
Why can’t you come to the point? 為什么你不把重點說明？
Read 4.18 as‘four point one eight’. 4.18 讀作“四點一八”。
He quietly pointed his gun at the deer.他悄悄地把槍瞄準鹿。
It’s rude to point your fingers at others.用手指指向他人是不禮貌的。
She pointed her pen before drawing.在畫畫之前他把鉛筆削尖。
The teacher pointed out my mistakes to me.老師指出了我的錯誤。
All indications point to an early spring.所有的跡象都顯示春天的來臨
At/on the point(of) 將近／就要…的時候
例：They were on the point of leaving when I arrived.
At the point he got up and left the room. 此時他站起來，離開了屋子。
H is at the point of death. 他要死了。
On points以得分高低判定勝負
例：He won on points not knock-out 以積分（點數）獲勝而不是擊倒
He was defeated on points.他敗于積分。
in point of 就…而言；關于…：
例：In point of fact, I never lived at the address stated on the form.
事實上，我從未在表中所填的那個地址居住過
to the point 切題的，切中的；與正在討論的事件有關的
例：His answer was to the point. 他的回答很中肯。
When it comes to the point到緊要關頭
例：When it came to the point, he refused to help.
在緊要關頭，他拒絕給予幫助。
15) skill n. (C) 技能；技巧；熟練；巧妙；(U) 熟練；嫻熟；本領；本事
例：Learning a foreign language is a question of learning new skills, not a question of acquiring new knowledge.
學習外語是一個學習新技能而不是獲取新知識的問題。
She has rich writing skills. 她有豐富的寫作才能。
She showed great skill in winning the hearts of the students.
她在贏得學生歡心方面展露出高超的技巧。
John shows great skill at driving/telling stories.
他顯示出駕駛／講故事的高度技巧。
He has no skill in teaching.他沒有教書的本領。
skilful(=skillful) adj. 熟練的, 靈巧的; 擅長于(at; in)；巧妙的; 制作精巧的
例：She's not very skil(l)ful with her chopsticks(at using chopsticks).
她用筷子不大熟練。
This is a skillful piece of work. 這是一件有技術的工作。
He is a skilful mechanic.他是一位很有技巧的機械修理工。
skilled adj. (=skillful)熟練的; 有技能的; 需要技能的
(be) skilled in (at) 做某事熟練
例：They are all skilled hands [workers]. 他們都是熟練工人。
He is skilled in business. 他做生意[買賣]有經驗。
She is skilled at dealing with complaints.他善于處理投訴個案。
She was skilled enough in French to translate a novel.
她法語嫻熟, 足以翻譯小說。
16) gesture n. (C, U)手勢；姿勢；態度；動作；表示 v.作手勢, 以手勢表示
例：The man spoke by gesture. 這男子用手勢表達。
He gestured to his students to keep quiet.他示意學生們保持安靜。
The invitation was meant as a friendly gesture .那邀請是友好的表示。
I gave her the flowers as a gesture of apology.
我送她這些花表示我的歉意。
He gestured angrily at me. 他氣憤地對我做手勢。
He gestured to me that it was time to go.他示意我們該走了。
2．語言要點
1) What’s your favourite sport?你最喜歡的是哪項運動？
sport表示“運動，娛樂，消遣，游戲”之意。
例：It’s great sport to swim in the sea.在海里游泳真好玩。
They often have outdoor sports. 他們經常做室外運動。
sport和game
sport多指室內或室外運動，有一定的規則，需要體能和技巧，或娛樂性的或運動性的，打球，跳高，游泳，釣魚，打獵，賽馬和拳術等。泛指運動或運動的總稱時，常用作不可數名詞。特指某項運動時用作可數名詞。
例：Swimming is his favourite sport. 游泳是他最喜歡的運動。
Skating is one of the winter sports. 滑冰是冬季運動中的一個項目。
How many hours of sport do you do every day? 你們每天搞幾個小時的運動？（泛指）
sport用作復數時，可指運動會， 等與sports meeting。
例：We have school sports meeting once a year. 我們每年舉行一次校運會。
sport作定語時，多用復數，美語常用單數。
例：He has an expensive sport(s) car. 他有一輛昂貴的跑車。
game主要指決定勝負的游戲或競技比賽，常有一定的規則，凡參加者均須遵守，既可以是體力的，也可以是腦力的。
例：Let’s go and watch the football game(英國match). 咱們去看足球比賽吧。
After a game on the sports field they often become good friends.
在運動場上進行一場比賽后，他們常常變成好朋友。
They often have a game of chess in the spare time. 閑暇時，他們常下棋。
game作復數時，一般指大型的國際體育運動會如the Olympic Games.
2) Which do you prefer, badminton or tennis?羽毛球和網球這兩項運動，你喜歡哪一項？
I prefer water skiing to surfing. 我喜歡滑水而不喜歡沖浪。
prefer是及物動詞，表示在兩者中“寧愿要或更喜歡”的意思。prefer后跟：
① 名詞或代詞
例：The southerners prefer rice to flour. 南方人喜歡吃米飯不喜歡吃面食。
② 跟動名詞（一般不能接動名詞的復合結構）
例：She preferred riding a bicycle (to taking a taxi).他喜歡騎自行車(而不喜歡乘出租車)。
While he was in the office, he preferred doing something (to sitting).
在辦公室的時候，他喜歡做事兒(不喜歡閑坐著)。
③ 跟不定式
例：He prefers to stay at home during the weekend. 周末他寧愿待在家里。
④ 跟不定式的復合結構：prefer sb (to) do sth（不定式可以帶to可以不帶to）
例：I preferred him not to go to the park with us. 我不喜歡他同我們一起去公園。
She added, “I’d prefer you not call me Laura Baby.”
她又說，“我要你不要叫我洛拉貝貝。
⑤prefer...to...
在本句型中，to是介詞，prefer和to后面的賓語可以是名詞、代詞，也可以是動名詞。
例：Most people prefer trains to buses.大多數人寧可坐火車也不坐公共汽車。
He prefers renting a car to having one of his own.她寧可租一輛汽車，也不愿意自己擁有一輛。
注意：本結構中的to可以用instead of代替。
例：They prefer using that laboratory instead of using this.他們比較愛用那個實驗室而不用這個。
⑥ 跟不定式+rather than+不定式
本句型中，第一個不定式前要帶to，而第二個不定式前以不加to較常用；rather than可以置于句首；rather than后也可以接名詞，這種用法多用于表示在某種具體場合的選擇。
例：She preferred to go to the movies rather than watch TV at home.
她寧愿去看電影也不愿呆在家里看電視。
Rather than go with us she preferred to stay at home.他寧愿在家呆著也不愿和我們一起去。
----What shall we have, coffee or tea? 我們和點什么，咖啡還是茶？
----I should prefer coffee rather than tea. 我寧可和咖啡也不喝茶。
（這句話表示：在這樣的場合我寧愿飲咖啡。）
⑦ 跟從句（從句的謂語動詞用原形或should+動詞原形）
例：Would you prefer that he (should) go with you? 你要他和你們一起去嗎？
He preferred that she go by bus. 他寧愿讓她乘公共汽車去。
3) Every four years athletes from all over the world take part in the Olympic Games.
世界各地的運動員每四年參加一奧林匹克運動會。
every可以與表示數量的詞連用，表示時間或空間的間隔。every four years還可以說成every fourth year，中文的意思是每四年或每隔三年。
every + 基數詞 + 復數名詞= every + 序數詞 + 單數可數名詞
例：He usually goes to see his uncle every ten days/every tenth day.
他通常每十天（每個九天）去看望叔叔一次。
Every four meters there is a tree along the highway.
沿著馬路每四米（每隔三米）就有一棵樹。
Please take the medicine every five hours. 請每五小時服用一次藥。
every和other加單數名詞連用，意為“每隔一......”或“其他的......都......”。也可以寫成every second + 單數名詞(意為“每隔一...”)或every two + 復數名詞。
例：The students have a football game every other week. 學生們每隔一周有一次足球賽。
Every other person here agrees with us. 這里所有其他的人都同意我的看法。
Please write on every other line. 請隔行寫。
every和few加上時間和空間的復數名詞，意思是“每隔幾（些）......”。
例：He came round to see his mother every few weeks. 隔幾周他就來看看他母親。
Every few hundred metres along the Great Wall there is a watchtower.
沿長城每隔幾百米，就有一個崗樓。
4) The old Olympic Games from which the modern games came began around the year 776 BC in Greece. 古代奧林匹克運動會創始于公元前776年左右，是在希臘召開的，現代奧運會源出于古代奧運會。
① the Olympic Games作主語時，謂語動詞多用復數。
例：The twenty-fifth Olympic Games were held in Barcelona, Spain.
第二十五屆奧運會是在西班牙的巴塞羅那舉行的。
② ...from which the modern Olympic Games came...是由介詞和關系代詞which引導的定語從句。介詞的選擇是根據從句中的搭配關系確定的，如此句中就是由come from搭配關系而定的。再如：
Some of the games in which the young man competed were running, jumping and wrestling.
那時青年男子參加的競賽項目有賽跑、跳遠和摔跤。
They were held in Greece----the country in which the games were born.
首屆現代奧運會在奧運會的發源地希臘舉行。
The date on which (=when) he joined the Party was July 1, 1998.
他入黨的日期是一九九八年七月一日。
The house in which(=where) he lived is now a library. 他住過的那棟房子現在是圖書館了。
5) The Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896. 現代的首屆奧運會是在1896年舉行的。
time作“時代”解時，通常用復數形式。
例：Times have changed, and we shouldn’t fall behind them.時代變了，我們不應落后于時代。
It is the fastest computer of modern times.這是當代速度最快的計算機。
In ancient times, people lived on wild fruits and wild beasts.
在古代，人們靠吃野果和野獸為生。
She didn’t understand the spirit of the times.她不理解那個時代的精神。
有時，time作“時代”解時，也可以用單數形式。例如in Shakespeare’s time(在莎士比亞時代), the feelings of the time(反映時代的情緒)。
6) In the games, there were 311 competitors from just 13 countries. 在1896年的奧運會上只有來自13個國家的311名參賽者。
competitor是名詞，意思是“競賽者”，其形容詞是competitive(競賽的)，名詞competition（競賽)，動詞是compete，compete是不及物動詞，常用于compete against/with sb. in sth./for sth，例如：
Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract.
幾家公司正為爭取一項合同互相競爭。
Ten sportsmen competed for the gold medal. 十名運動員正這塊金牌。
7) After that more and more countries joined in the games. 此后，越來越多的國家參加了運動會。
adj./adv.（比較級）+and+adj./adv.（比較級)，是一種“雙重比較”的結構，表示持續不斷的變化，意即“越來越......”。例如：
It is getting colder and colder. 天越來越冷了。
My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful. 我的家鄉變得越來越美了。
More and more farmers are coming to big cities. 越來越多的農民正涌入大城市。
3．語法說明：學習一般將來時的被動語態。
復習句子類型（主謂、主謂賓、主系表、There be等句型)。
一般將來時表示將要發生的動作或情況。一般將來時的被動語態的構成：
will/shall + be + -ed(過去分詞)。此外還有be going to + be + -ed, be to + be + -ed 等。
例：You won’t be allowed to take so much luggage with you. 不會讓你帶那么多行李的。
Shall we be asked to attend the opening ceremony? 要邀請我們參加開幕式嗎？
What tools will be needed in the work? 工作中需要什么工具？
The play is going to be produced on three evenings. 這部劇要三天排出來。
A new hospital is to be built there. 在那要建一家醫院。
句子類型：英語句子類型就是基本句型。一般來說有五種基本句型，千變萬化的句子都是由他們演變而來的。這五種基本句型是：
1）主語＋(不及物動詞)謂語。字母代號為SV(S=subject, V=verb)
在這類句型中，謂語動詞后面又是可以不帶任何成分，而大多數情況下跟著狀語性質的修飾語。作不及物動詞謂語的狀語，可以是名詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞短語、從句等。
例：主語＋不及物動詞＋名詞
They worked day and night. 他們日夜工作。
主語＋不及物動詞＋for引導的介詞短語＋動詞不定式
The mother waited for her son to come back. 母親等兒子回家。
It ＋不及物動詞seem, happen, appear＋從句
It happened that they were out when we called on them that evening.
我們那天晚上去看望他們時，他們碰巧不在家。
2) 主語＋（及物動詞）謂語＋賓語
這類句型中，謂語動詞后都要有一個賓語；一些不及物動詞加介詞構成的短語，性質上是及物的，相當于一個及物動詞。可以作及物動詞賓語的有：名詞、代詞、數詞、動詞不定式、動名詞、從句等。
例：主語＋及物動詞＋數詞
Who are going to take these three? 誰要拿走這三個？
主語＋及物動詞＋不定式
He tried to stand on his head. 他試圖倒立。
主語＋及物動詞＋動名詞
I remember seeing her somewhere before.我記得在哪見過他。
3) 主語＋系動詞＋表語
系動詞除be外，還有由實義動詞轉化而來的系動詞look, feel, seem, get, keep, last, sound等。可以用作表語的有：名詞、名詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、人稱代詞、形容詞、數詞、副詞、不定式（短語)、動名詞（短語)、分詞(短語)、介詞短語、從句。
例：Smith was the boss of the company. 史密斯是一家公司的老板。
Is this book yours? 這本書是你的嗎？
It is a big mistake for her to have bought the clothes.她買了那衣服可犯了大錯誤。
It is a pity that she is out. 很遺憾，她出去了。
4) 主語＋(及物動詞)謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（雙賓語）
例：主語＋及物動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語
He gave me some beautiful pictures. 她給了我一些漂亮的畫片。
主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋to引導介詞短語
He handed the purse to the teacher. 他把錢包交給了老師。
主語＋及物動詞＋直接賓語＋for引導介詞短語
Would you fetch some chalk for me? 你給我取一些粉筆號嗎？
5) 主語＋（及物動詞）謂語＋賓語＋賓補（復合賓語）
賓語和賓補之間存在著邏輯上的主謂關系�？梢杂米髻e補的有：名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現在分詞、過去分詞。
例：主語＋及物動詞＋名詞、代詞＋形容詞
We elected him monitor of our class. 我們選他當班長。
主語＋及物動詞＋it＋形容詞、名詞、動名詞＋for/of sb＋不定式
I think it foolish of him to believe her. 我認為他相信她是愚蠢的。
這些基本句型都是陳述句、肯定句和主動句，象疑問句、否定句、被動句都是由這些基本句型演變來的，基本句型還可以擴大，有祈使句，感嘆句，并列句，復合句，強調句等。
6）there be句型
這是一種表示“存在”的句型。there是引導詞，本身沒有意義，主語通常在謂語動詞be之后，謂語動詞be須與主語保持“數 ”的一致。在構成疑問式時，把be提到there前。否定是在動詞后加not。
例：There is going to be a meeting tomorrow. 明天有會。
There are a lot of books in our school library. 我們學校圖書館有很多書。
There isn’t a doctor in the village. 這個村子沒有醫生。
Is there anybody here? 這有人嗎？
這種結構中的謂語動詞有時不用動詞be，而用seem to be，happen to be，appear to be等；還可以是live，come，go，stand，lie等動詞。
例：There happened to be no one in the room. 碰巧屋子里沒有人。
There stands a tall building by the lake. 湖邊矗立著一座高樓。
三、課文理解
1. The most obvious difference between the old Olympic Games and the modern Olympics is that ________.
A. people get different prizes today because the sports they take part in are absolutely different.
B. women were not allowed to take part in the games before
C. people now pay more attention to the Olympics
D. many of the sports in the old Olympics were different from what they are now.
2. Which is not included in the text?
A. The Olympic motto.
B. The history of the old Olympic Games
C. The development of the modern Olympic Games.
D. The five Olympic rings stand for the five continents.
3. From the passage we know that ______.
A. the competition between countries to host the Olympics is getting hotter and hotter.
B. more and more countries are less eager to compete in the Olympics
C. the time to host the Olympics will be shorter than four years
D. The Olympic Games will not include diving, gymnastics and also weight-lifting
4. The first Olympic Games in modern times happened about ________years after the old
Olympic Games.
A. two thousand B. one thousand and eight hundred
C. one thousand and five hundred D. one thousand and six hundred
5. From the third paragraph we can infer that________.
A.the modern Olympic Games has quickly been developed since the first Olympic Games in modern times happened in 1896.
B. the modern Olympic Games have the same events as they did before.
C. no Olympic Games can be more important than the 27th Olympics held in Sydney, Australia.
D. hosting the 27th Olympic Games made Sydney a famous city.
四、語法知識訓練(一般將來時的被動語態；句子類型)
Ⅰ. 將下列句子變成被動語態。
1. We will discuss the problem brought forward by Mr. Jefferson late this afternoon.
→_________________________________________________________________.
2. What will we do ?
→_________________________.
3. The guard will stop anyone who tries to enter the hall.
→______________________________________________________.
4. The Chairman will give the prize to the player who scores most points.
→______________________________________________________.
5. We ‘ll throw away those ones we don’t want.
→______________________________________________________.
6. We are going to put up a pigsty here.
→______________________________________________________.
7. They are to open the line to traffic next month.
→______________________________________________________.
8. You will have to finish the work at the end of this month.
→______________________________________________________.
9. He is going to paint the wall green.
→______________________________________________________.
10. They are delivering the new piano this afternoon.
→______________________________________________________.
Ⅱ. 用所給詞匯仿照下面例子造句。
例：He will be told about it when he turns up.
11. wake, whenever, up, he, the train, by, pass.
______________________________________________________.
12. clean, the windows, and, wash, floor, the.
______________________________________________________.
13. meet, you, by Mr Cheng, when, there, get, you.
______________________________________________________.
14. before, the seats, begin, the meeting, arrange, in five rows.
______________________________________________________.
15. it, the date, this afternoon, agree on, after, discuss, for the meeting.
______________________________________________________.
Ⅲ. 把下列句子譯成英語。
16. 夏天他最喜好的運動是游泳。
_____________________________________________________.
17. 保存書而不看是沒有用的。.
______________________________________________________.
18. 王剛跑著進到教室，上氣不接下氣。
______________________________________________________.
19. 他對學生解釋說，那天他病了。
______________________________________________________.
20. 我們會讓你看看這是誰的命令。
______________________________________________________.
21. 我認為他放棄學英語真可惜。
______________________________________________________.
22. 你聽過用英語唱這首歌嗎？
______________________________________________________.
Ⅳ. 句型轉換。
23. He put on his raincoat, and left the house.(用分詞)
→_____ ______ his raincoat, he left the house.
24. He is not rich enough. He cannot afford a refrigerator.(用不定式)
→ He is not rich enough _______ ________ a refrigerator.
25. He studies day and night. He purposes to pass the joint entrance examination for colleges.
→ He studies day and night ____ ____ ____ pass the joint entrance examination for colleges.
26. The children were cross and hungry. The children came in.
→ ______ and ______, the children came in.
27. His voice shook with emotion. He expressed his heartfelt thanks.
→ ______ ______ ______ ______ with emotion, he expressed his heartfelt thanks..
28. Mary did not go to the movies. She stayed at home.
→ _____ _____going to the movies, Mary stayed at home.
29. The noticed the dog. The dog was coming towards them.
→ They noticed the dog ______ ______ them.
30. How is fire to be made? This is the question first occurring to the mind of a savage.
→ _____ _____ _____ to be made _____ the question first occurring to the mind of savage.
五、綜合訓練
Ⅰ. 基礎知識運用
A. 單項選擇
1. I have looked through today’s newspaper but there is ______ in it.
A. nothing specially interesting B. specially interesting nothing
C. nothing special`` interesting D. interesting special nothing
2. ______ the early bus, we used to get up very early.
A. To catch B. So that we could catch
C. So as to catch D. Catching
3. You may take anything useful ________.
A. which you want B. you want it C. what you want D. you want
4. Most of them want to win the medal _______young men compete.
A. in which B. which C. for which D. between which
5. The girl ______I introduced Mary is twenty minutes late.
A. to whom B. for who C. for whom D. to who
6. A goat is a _______animal.
A. grass-eaten B. eaten grass C. to eat grass D. grass-eating
7. It’s well-known that all the athletes will ______medals in the sports meet.
A. fight B. fight for C. fight with D. fight against
8. She prefers ______a term paper rather than take an examination.
A. writing B. to be writing C. to write D. write
9. ---Tom is from England and he doesn’t know Chinese. ----The same _______his sister.
A. as B. with C. to D. for
10. Do you know where the next Olympic Games ________?
A. is to be held B. are to take place C. are to hold D. are to be going to be held
B. 句型轉換
11. I like playing basketball better than watching TV.
→ I _______ playing basketball _______ watching TV.
12. Do you do well in your English study?
→ ______ you ______ ______ English?
13. Which sport do you like best?
→ What is ______ ______ sport?
14. We will be preparing to make the 2008 Olympics the best ever games.
→ We will be ______ ______ ______ making the Olympics the best ever games.
15. What is the point of discussing this issue further?
→ Is it ______ ______ ______ this issue further?
C. 用所給詞或短語把下列句子譯成英語。
16. 字母CCTV代表中國中央電視臺。(stand for)
___________________________________________________________________.
17.這次學術會議的東道主由我們學校充當。(host) (academic conference學術會議)
___________________________________________________________________.
18. 明天別來。我希望你下周末來。(would rather)
___________________________________________________________________.
19. 所有人都準備好防“非典”。(be prepared against)
___________________________________________________________________.
20. 我希望大家踴躍參加這次運動會。(take part in, join in)
___________________________________________________________________.
Ⅱ. 完形填空 用適當的詞將下列短文補充完整，每空一詞。
I was very fond of hunting when I was a young man. In the autumn of 1935, I was traveling in the northwest of India. One evening, after __21__in the forest all day, I was returning alone to the place _22__ I had put up my tent. I was tired and hungry. It was getting darker and darker, and I was walking slowly along a narrow path. On my _23__was a wide river; on my left, a thick dark__24__. All of a sudden, I saw two green __25__ looking at me from among the trees. I knew it must be a man-eating tiger. The tiger was getting ready to jump on me.
My heart sank. What could I do? _26__I jump into the river and hope to save my life by swimming? I looked to the right. In the _27__there was a big crocodile waiting to welcome me with its mouth wide open. I was so __28__that I shut my eyes. And I thought it would be the end of my life. I heard branches moving as the tiger roared and jumped. Just then I _29__ my eyes. What do you think had happened? The tiger had __30__right over me and now in the jaws of the crocodile.
Ⅲ. 閱讀理解
A
Weifang, a kite city, is an old handicraft town located in the middle part of Shandong peninsula in east China. It is the birthplace of Chinese kite with a history of kite flying and manufacturing(.制造) for about 500 years. Weifang kite is famous for its delicately(精致地) selected materials (split bamboo and silk), careful and neat painting, bright colors, exquisite(精致的) framing and mounting(襯) and smooth gliding(流暢的). "Hang up on the wall it's a painting, fly up in the sky it's a kite." Hand-made and hand-painted, the main kinds of Weifang kite are bird and animal kite. The masterpiece is dragon kite, as the dragon is the symbol of the Chinese nation. Since 1984, the Weifang International Kite Festival has been held annually in this city in April. Traditional Chinese kites from Weifang has become world famous and a must kind for kite-collection, kite festivals and kite exhibitions. As a leading kite manufacturing and distributing company located in Weifang, China, we manufacture huge selections of kites and accessories(附件) such as traditional Chinese kites, sports kites, handles and other kite accessories. Our traditional Chinese kites like butterflys, dragon, eagles, etc., are really value-added art with top quality and competitive price. Our sport kites(stunt kite) framed in fiberglass are also very popular among kitefliers.
根據短文內容判斷正誤（True or False）
( )31. Weifang is a city in Shandong province, whose kites are the best in the world.
( )32. Weifang is well-known for its dragon kite as the dragon is the symbol of the Chinese nation.
( )33. “Hang up on the wall it’s a painting, fly up in the sky it’s a kite.” Shows that the kites made in Weifang are all painted by famous artists.
( )34. The Weifang International Kite Festival has been held every two years in April.
( )35. The kite manufacturing and distributing company was the only company in weifang.
B
In Europe, men do not usually wear skirts. But the Scottish national clothing for men is a kind of skirt. It is called a kilt. The Scottish like to be different. They are also proud of their country and its history, and they feel that the kilt is part of that history. That’s why the men still wear kilts at traditional (傳統的) dances and on national holidays. They believe they are wearing the same clothes that Scottish men always used to wear.
That’s what they believe. However, kilts are not really so old. Before 1703, Scottish men wore a long shirt and blanket around their shoulders. These clothes got in the way when the men started to work in factories. So, in 1730 a factory owner changed the blanket into a skirt: the kilt. That’s how the first kilt was made.
Then, in the late 1700s Scottish soldiers in the British Army began to wear kilts. One reason for this was national sentiment(=feelings): The Scottish soldiers wanted to be different from the English soldiers. The British Army probably had a different reason: A Scottish soldier in a kilt was always easy to find! The Scottish soldiers fought very hard and became famous. The kilt was part of the fame, and in the early 1800s men all around Scotland began to wear kilts.
These kilts had colorful stripes (條紋) going up and down and across. In the 1700s and early 1800s, the color of the stripes had no special meaning. Men sometimes owned kilts in several different colors. But later the colors became important to the Scottish families. By about 1850, most families had special colors for their kilts. For example, men from the Campbell family had kilts with green, yellow and blue stripes. Scottish people often believe that the colors of the kilts are part of their family history. In fact, each family just chose the color they liked best.
This is not the story you will hear today if you are in Scotland. Most Scottish people still believe that kilts are as old as Scotland and that the color are as old as the Scottish families. Sometimes feelings are stronger than facts!
根據短文內容回答下列問題。
36. What is the main idea of the passage?
37. How was the first kilt made?
38. Why did men all around Scotland begin to wear kilts?
39. Why do the colours the kilts have become important to the Scottish families?
40. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
C
Shefielde
Lincoln College of English
Classes for foreign students at all levels.
3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year course.
Open all year.
Small class (maximum 12 students).
Library, language laboratory and listening center.
Accommodation (住宿) with selected families.
25 minutes from London.
Course fees for English for one year are ￡1,380 with reduction (減少)for shorter periods of study.
41. This passage is probably taken from ________.
A. an advertisement B. a notice
C. a poster D. a piece of news
42. The college is trying to _________.
A. take on English teachers B. introduce itself to the public
C. take in the students who want to get accommodation there
D. take in the students who want to study English there
43. Who are admitted in?
A. Both foreign and native students
B. Only foreign beginners and the advanced
C. Foreign students from beginners to the advanced
D. Only foreign students advanced
44. If you want to study there, you will be accepted ________.
A. in Spring B. in Autumn
C. at the beginning of the year D. whenever you wish to
45. While you stay there, who will take care of you?
A. The school where you study B. The family you have chosen
C. Your classmates D. Your parents
D
Holidays in the United States usually occur(出現) at least once a month. Most months have a national holiday that has been arranged(安排) to be celebrated on a Monday. The holidays have all been decided to be celebrated on a Monday so that the workers may have 3-day weekends---that is, Saturday, Sunday and Monday in order to rest or travel or do things with their families. Major holidays in the United States such as New Year’s Day or Christmas Day or the day, when we remember the first settlers of the United States, called Thanksgiving Day are celebrated all over the country. During these holidays most businesses close and the workers stay home and celebrate with their family.
Vacation can be from two weeks a year to four weeks a year. This usually depends on how long you’ve been working for a company, what type of position you have, whether you have a very high position or a very important position and it’s difficult to find someone to replace you. In this case, you might take a few days at a time rather than taking one month all at once. Usually the more time you spend working for a company, the more time you may get for a vacation.
46. The government of the United States makes it a rule for workers to have a _______weekend almost once a month.
A. 1-day B. 2-day C. 3-day D. 4-day
47. Workers in the United States sometimes work from_________.
A. Monday to Saturday B. Tuesday to Sunday
C. Thursday to Friday D. Tuesday to Friday
48. Which statement is not true according to this passage?
A. Only a few shops remain open on New Years Day.
B. Most of the workers needn’t work on Christmas Day.
C. Days on vacation must be more than all the holidays in a year.
D. All the workers have a half month vacation at least.
49. The reason why someone has to divide his vacation into several parts is that________.
A. no one can be found to take his place
B. he hasn’t a most high position
C. he plays an important role in his work
D. he hasn’t been working for his company for a long time
50. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. Holidays in the United States.
B. Vacation in the United States.
C. How do the workers spend their holidays.
D. Something about the holidays and vacation in the United States.
Ⅳ. 單句改錯
51. Do you have any farther questions? __________
52. Do you know the boy at whom she was talking about a moment ago? __________
53. The Olympic Games are popular with people all over the world __________
and it will be held in Bejing.
54. She likes volleyball better than any sport. __________
55. The gold medal in which the competitors competed was stolen. __________
56. 1997 was the year from which Hong Kong returned to its motherland. __________
57. Every second years teams from all over the world take part in the World Cup. __________
58. Sun Xiaojun prefers wrestling than horse riding. __________
59. The teacher prepared for the students for the exams. __________
60. He is tall by height and light in weight. __________
Ⅴ. 書面表達
根據下列所給內容用英語寫一篇你的老師的簡歷。字數要求80左右。
1．姓名：吳靜
2．出生：1970. 6. 8
3．籍貫：吉林省長春市
4．參加工作時間：1994，9
5．任教學科：英語
6：工作業績：
工作認真，授課生動有趣，易懂難忘；對學生既嚴格又親切；不斷改進教學方法，教學質量高，多次被評為先進教師，受到師生和社會的尊重。
Unit 8 參考答案：
三、課文理解
1－5. BDACA
四、語法知識訓練
I.1. The problem brought forward by Mr Jefferson will be discussed late this afternoon.
2. What will be done?
3. Anyone who tries to enter the hall will be stopped by the guard.
4.The prize will be given (by the chairman) to the player who scores most./ The player who scores most will be given the prize (by the chairman)
5.Those ones we don’t want will be thrown away.
6.A pigsty is going to be put up here.
7.The line is to be opened to traffic next month.
8.The work will have to be finished at the end of this month.
9.The wall is going to be painted green.
10.The new piano is being delivered this afternoon.
II.
11. He will be woken up whenever the train passes by.
The windows will be cleaned and the floor (will be)washed.
You will be met by Mr. Cheng when you get there
The seats will be arranged in five rows before the meeting begins.
The date for the meeting will be agreed on after we discuss it this afternoon.
III.
16. Her favourite sport in summer is swimming.
It is no use/useless keeping books without reading them.
Wang Gang came running into the classroom, quite out of breath.
He explained to his students that he was ill that day.
We’ll show you whose order it is.
I consider it a pity that he has given up studying English.
Have you ever heard this song sung in English?
IV.
23. Putting on 24. to afford 25. in order to 26. Cross and hungry 27.With his voice shaking 28. Instead of 29. coming towards 30. How fire is, is
五、綜合訓練
I. 基礎知識運用
A: 1－5 AADCA 6－10 DBCBB
B. 11. prefer, to 12. Are, good at 13.your favourite 14. in preparation for
15. any use discussing
C: 16. The letters CCTV stand for China Central Television.
17. Tahe academic conference was hosted by our university.
18. Don’t come tomorrow. I’d rather you came next week.
19. All the citizens/people have been prepared against the disaster.
20. I wish every one of us to take an active part in/to join actively in the sports meeting.
( I hope that every one of us will take…)
II. 完形填空
21. hunting 22. where 23. right 24. forest 25. eyes
26. Should 27. river 28. frightened 29. opened 30. jumped
III. 閱讀理解
A: 31.T 32. F 33. F 34. F 35. F
B. 36. Scottish kilts.
37. The first kilt was made by a factory owner from the blanket the workers wore.
38. Because the Scottish soldiers became famous for their brave fighting and the kilt was partly a symbol of the fame.
39. Because most families have special colours for their kilts and they believe that the colours are as old as their families.
40. We can infer that the Scottish prefer to keep their tradition rather than believe the facts.
C. 41－45 ADCDB
46－50 CDDAD
IV. 單句改錯：
51. farther改為further 52. 去掉at 53. it改為they 54. any后加other
55. in改為for 56. from改為in 57. second改為two或years改為year
58. than改為to 59. 去掉for 60. by改為in
V. 書面表達
Wu Jing’s Profile
Born: June 8, 1970 in Changchun, Jilin Province
began to work: September of 1994
profession: English teacher
Ms. Wu is always strict in her work. She has a strange way of making her classes lively and interesting and the lessons she teaches are easy to understand and unforgettable. She is not only strict with her students but also kind to them.
She keeps trying new ways to improve her teaching methods, and the teaching quality rises year by year. So she has been given the title of advanced teacher for many times. She is greatly loved and respected by the people both in school and in society.