Unit 14 Zoology
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Warming up
1. Match the words above with the humorous definitions below.
match vt./vi. 與。。。相配，與。。。相同，將。。。配對
The doors were painted blue to match the walls. 門漆成了蘭色，為的是與墻的顏色相配。
None of these glasses match. 這些杯子沒有能配對兒的。
As a couple they are not very well matched作為夫妻他們并不十分般配。
The teams were evenly matched. 各隊水平旗鼓相當(dāng)。
n. 火柴，比賽，敵手，旗鼓相當(dāng)?shù)娜耍闩涞娜嘶蛭铮嗤臇|西
I was no match for him at tennis. 打網(wǎng)球我不是他的對手。
I was his match at tennis. 打網(wǎng)球我跟他旗鼓相當(dāng)。
The curtains and carpet are a good match. 窗簾和地毯非常相配。
Jo and Ian are a perfect match for each other. 喬和伊恩真是天造地設(shè)的一對兒。
2. 區(qū)別 match, suit , fit
Match 多指大小，顏色，形狀，性質(zhì)等方面搭配。
Suit 多指合乎需要，口味，性格，條件，地位等。
Fit 多指大小，形狀合適。
如：The People’s Great Wall and Historical Museum match the Tian’anmen beautifully.
No dish suits all tastes. 沒有人人都合口味的菜。
The new coats fits me well. 這件新衣服我穿著大小正合適。
3. get hold of 抓住
引申：catch/get/lay/seize/keep hold of 抓住，握住，捕捉，獲得
Lose hold of 松手放走。
Hold back 攔阻，阻擋, 隱瞞；抑制，控制情感等； 躊躇
Hold off 延遲，推遲
Hold on 等一下，堅持，挺住
Hold out 維持，堅持，伸處手
Hold up 阻礙，舉出例子，提出。。。為榜樣。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
4. take turns doing 輪流做某事
take turns (in sth / to do sth) 依次。輪流
The male and female birds take turns in sitting on the eggs. 雄鳥和雌鳥輪流伏窩。
We take it in turns to do the housework. 我們輪流做家務(wù)。
in turn 依次，輪流，相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而
The children called out their names in turn. 孩子們依次報出自己的名字。
Increased production will, in turn, lead to increased profits.增加生產(chǎn)會繼而增加利潤。
By turns adv. 輪流, 交替
Beneath her external calm, she raged and felt frightened by turns.
Reading
1. Among the different kinds of bee, it is the honey-bee that has interested scientists most because of the “l(fā)anguage ” they use to communicate with each other.
強調(diào)句的一些練習(xí)：
(1) 以一般疑問句出現(xiàn)
Was ___ that I saw last night at the concert?
A if you B not you C you D that yourself
答案是A.
(2) 以特殊疑問句形式出現(xiàn)
____ is it ____ has made Peter ___ he is today?
A What; that; that B That; that ; what C What; what; that D What; that ; what
答案是D.
(3) 以名詞性從句形式出現(xiàn)
I’ve already forgotten ____ you put the dictionary.
A that it was there B where was it that C that where it was D where it was that
答案是D.
(4) 與定語從句相結(jié)合
It was in the lab ____ was taken charge of by Professor Harris _________ they did the experiment.
A which ; that B that; what C whom; that D which; where
答案是A.
(5) 與not ..until 句型結(jié)合
It was not until it got dark that I left.
另外，注意與有it 的定語從句相區(qū)別：
It was midnight when he came back.
It was at midnight that he came back.
2. He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside.
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Go on 的用法：
vi. 向前進行
We were all tired, so we couldn’t go on.我們都精疲力盡，無法前進。
繼續(xù) (go on doing sth, go on with sth go on to do ）
I couldn’t finish my homework so I have to go on with it.
He went on working without taking a rest.
Time is limited, so let’s go on to the next subject. 時間有限，我們進入下一個主題吧。
（事件等）發(fā)生
It sounds as if there is a fight going on upstairs. 樓上好象有人打架。
(時間) 經(jīng)過，過去
As the days went on it grew colder. 日子一天天過去， 天氣越來越冷。
3. observe vt. 觀察, 觀測, 遵守, （搭配：observe sb do/doing sth）
observe the speed limit; 遵守速度限制；
observe a child's behavior. 觀察一個孩子的行為
One must observe the rules. 我們(任何人)必須遵守規(guī)則。
4. In order to tell the bees apart, he painted some bees with little dots of color.
Tell apart 識別，辨別 如：
The twins are so much alike that we can hardly tell them apart. 這對雙胞胎太象了，我們幾乎分不出來誰是誰。
5. perform vt. 履行, 執(zhí)行, 表演, 演出
perform one's duties 盡責(zé)任
perform a play 演一出戲
The doctor performed the operation. 醫(yī)生進行手術(shù)。
You should always perform what you promise. 你應(yīng)永遠履行你的諾言。
6. They trooped behind the first dancer, copying its movements.
Troop 用法n. [常用復(fù)]軍隊, 部隊 一群; 大量; 許多;
a troop of students on a field trip; 一群郊游的學(xué)生；
the enemy troops have been driven out of the country. 敵軍被趕出了國土。
vi. 一組成群結(jié)隊地走, 排隊前進 (along, in, out, to)
They trooped away to the football game. 他們成群地去看足球。
The students trooped into the auditorium. 學(xué)生們列隊走入大禮堂。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
7. They discovered that the farther away the feeding station was, the slower the dance was.
The +形容詞/副詞比較級。。。， the +形容詞/副詞比較級， 意思是越。。。就越
The higher we stand, the farther we see. 站得越高，看得越遠。
The sooner you do it, the better it will be. 越早越好。
8. So another astonishing fact came to light. 于是又發(fā)現(xiàn)了另外一個令人驚訝的的情況。
Come to light 被人知道（發(fā)現(xiàn)）
New facts about ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 最近有一些關(guān)于古代埃及的事實被發(fā)現(xiàn)了。
9. beeline 直線 （搭配：make a beeline for ）
The late boy made a beeline for his classroom. 遲到的男孩抄捷徑跑去上課。
10. 高考中考查比較級的重要句型
考點說明：比較級有許多熱點句型：from bad to worse/worse and worse(每況愈下)；more and more (越來越多的，越來越……)；the +比較級，the+比較級(越……越……)； to make the matter worse/what's worse/worse than all/worse than ever (更糟糕的是)等。
典型題例：
1.________the temperature, ________ water turns into steam.
A. The high; the fast B. Higher; faster
C. The more higher; the faster D. The higher; the faster
析：分析語境邏輯可知，兩空白處表示"越……，越……"。
2. In recent years travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go, ________. (NMET2001上海)
A. our holiday will be better B. our holiday will be the better
C. the better our holiday will be D. the better will our holiday be
析：該句后半句表示我們走得越遠，假期過得越好。
3. As far as I am concerned, education is about learning and the more you learn,________. (NMET2002上海)
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life
析：該句后半句表示你學(xué)得越多，對生活越適應(yīng)。
方法揭秘：分析語境含義和句子結(jié)構(gòu)看是否符合"the+比較級，the+比較級"句型的需要。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
11. adequate adj. 適當(dāng)?shù)? 足夠的
We took adequate food for the holiday. 我們?yōu)榧倨趲ё闶称贰?/p>
The supply is not adequate to the demand. 供不應(yīng)求。
the issue of how to provide adequate child care. 如何提供適當(dāng)?shù)膬和o理的難題
To be healthy one must have an adequate diet. 一個人想要健康,必須有足夠的規(guī)定飲食。
12. clarify vt. 澄清 ，闡明
clarify matters 澄清真相
clarify one's position 澄清某人的立場
clarify butter. 使奶油純凈
clarify the mind. 理清想法
Even the professor couldn't clarify the knotty point. 甚至教授也無法解決這個棘手問題。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Integrating skills
1. notably adv. 顯著地, 特別地
Many members are notably absent from the meeting. 學(xué)多會員很明顯未出席會議。
Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman. 許多會員缺席，尤其是副主席。
2. it ;that; one 做替代詞的用法
1）it 代替的是前面提到的同一事物。所代的名詞可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞。
如： he cast his net for the first time, and drew in the body of an animal. 他撒第一網(wǎng)的時候打上來的是一頭動物的尸體。
Hibernations is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不同于睡覺，它是一種更深沉的睡眠。
2）one 或ones 代替前面提到同名事物中任何一個。 其前面可以有冠詞。 還可以被this, that, 或形容詞修飾，后面可以有定語。
The population problem may be the greatest one of the world today. 人口問題可能是世界最大問題。
Which jacket is yours? The white one.
3) that 代替前面提到的名詞中特指的事物，可以指代可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。
The doctor in our school is younger than that in their school.
The weather of this week is worse than that of last week.
The quality of iron produced in your factory is better than that in their factory.
4) 如果前面提到的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則用they , them. Ones, those 代替。
What’s in these cups? ---There is some tea in them.
He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light one.
Those weren’t the right men, professor.
5) it 和that可以代替前面整個句子。而one 不能。
---We’ll try our best to catch them. ---It’s not necessary, sir.
Dr Brown said they had talked about my invention. But that was not possible.
6) 間或it 可以先出現(xiàn)， 用來代替后面分句中的某一名詞或整個分句的意思， 而 one that 不能。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
3. upright adj. 垂直的, 豎式的, 正直的, 誠實的, 合乎正道的
an upright man 正直的人
walk upright. 雙腳直立行走
an upright column. 豎直的柱子。
Put the bottle upright, not on its side. 把瓶子放直，不要歪著放。
4. While 用法
while 表示讓步，通常位于句首，意思是“盡管；雖然”。又如：
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it. 盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許你這樣做。
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them. 雖然他愛他的學(xué)生，可是他對學(xué)生們很嚴格。
While 其他用法歸納如下：
1）引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意思是“當(dāng)。。。的時候，和。。。同時”。從句中謂語通常是延續(xù)性動詞。
如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她聽著收音機睡著了。
2）表示對比或轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“而，然而”。此時，while 一般謂語句中。 如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪費糧食，而有人卻吃不飽。
高考相關(guān)：
I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A since B while C when D as
答案是B.
5. except , except for, except that, except when
All came except Jane.
except for 例句：
He is a good man except for hot temper.
And now it's almost finished, except for one last job.
Except for Governmental action, there will be no increase in the cost of your holiday.
except that例句
You'd have thought they were best friends or something, except that girls don't have proper friends the way boys do.
I'm of medium height, fairly well-built except that my breasts are rather small.
except when例句
There is a very real danger that Venetian churches will be forced to close to the public except when services are being conducted.
But I've never been able to write except when I was stone cold sober.
6. conduct vt. 進行 引導(dǎo)， 帶領(lǐng)， 牽引 指揮 導(dǎo)（電） 表現(xiàn) 處理， 經(jīng)營， 實施
conduct both domestic and foreign affairs 搞國內(nèi)外事務(wù)
conduct an experiment 做實驗
conduct a survey 進行偵察
conduct an opera 指揮樂曲
conduct oneself in a most gracious manner 表現(xiàn)得極為溫文爾雅
conduct one's private affairs 處理私事
Curator conducted the visitors round the museum. 館長領(lǐng)著游客們在博物館中參觀。
Copper conducts electricity better than other materials. 銅導(dǎo)電比其它材料好。
He conducts himself well. 他行為端正。