高三第五單元預(yù)習(xí)學(xué)案

重點(diǎn)單詞及詞組：

convey 表達(dá)；運(yùn)載

[舉例]（1）This train conveys both passengers and goods.(這列火車既載人又載貨。)

（2）Words cannot convey how delighted I was. (言語無法表達(dá)我內(nèi)心的喜悅。)

2. advertise vi. 登廣告；做廣告。 vt. 為……做廣告；宣傳；通知

[舉例]（1）They advertised their goods in all the newspaper. (他們在所有的報(bào)紙上為他們的貨物做廣告。)

（2）The shop keeper advertised for an assistant in the local newspaper. (那位店家在當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙上登廣告征求一名助手。)

[拓展] advertiser n. 登廣告者；做廣告者 advertisement n. (可數(shù)) 廣告；告白；啟事

consideration n. 考慮；（對他人、他人的情緒等的）顧及，體貼

[舉例]（1）Please give the matter your careful consideration. (此事請你仔細(xì)考慮。)

（2）He has never show much consideration for his son’s needs. (他從來不考慮兒子的需要

[搭配] take sth into consideration 考慮某事 in consideration of… 考慮…

leave sth out of consideration 對某事未加考慮

charge n. 主管；充電（氣）；價(jià)錢；控告

[舉例]（1）Who is in charge here? (這兒誰主管？)

（2）Is the charge over? （電充好了嗎？）

（3）He faces serious charges. (他面臨嚴(yán)重的控告。)

（4）The charge for the house is not acceptable. (這個(gè)房屋的價(jià)錢不能接受。)

[拓展] charge vt. vi. 指控，控告。charge sb with… 指控某人有（犯）……罪

[舉例]（1）He was charged with murder. (他被指控犯謀殺罪。)

（2）He charged Tom with robbing. (他指控湯姆搶劫。)

charge v. charge (sb) money for sth 向（某人）要價(jià)……

How much do you charge for mending a pair of shoes? (修一雙鞋多少錢？)

He charged me fifty dollars for the coat. (那件外套他向我要價(jià)五十美元。)

[搭配]（sb）in charge of (sth/sb) 某人管理/控制某事/人 （主動(dòng)）

(sth/sb) in the charge of (sb) 某事/人在某人的管理/控制之中 （被動(dòng)）

take charge of…

loss n. 遺失；喪失；損失

[舉例]（1）Loss of health is more serious than loss of money. (健康的喪失比金錢的喪失更重要。)

（2）The loss of so many ships worried him. （這么多航船的損失使他焦急。）

[搭配] be at a loss for sth./ to do sth 困惑；不知所措

6. blame vt. 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎于 n. 責(zé)任；（過錯(cuò)，失敗等的）責(zé)任

[舉例]（1）Bad workers often blame their tools. (拙劣的工人們常責(zé)怪他們的工具不好。)

(2) He blamed his teacher for his failure. （他把他的失敗歸咎于他的老師。）

(3) Who is blame for starting the fire? （火災(zāi)的引起由誰負(fù)責(zé)？）

(4) Who does the blame lie for our failure? （我們的失敗應(yīng)歸咎于何人？）

[搭配] sb be to blame 由某人負(fù)責(zé)

blame sb for sth / blame sth on sb 因某事責(zé)備某人/ 把某事歸咎于某人

7. react vi. 反應(yīng)；反抗 vt.（指物質(zhì)）起化學(xué)反應(yīng)

[舉例]（1）Do children react to kind treatment by becoming more self-confidence?（對孩子們和善是否會(huì)使他們更自信？）

（2）Will the people react against the aggressor? (人們會(huì)反抗侵略者嗎？)

（3）How do acids react on metals? (酸對金屬的化學(xué)反應(yīng)是怎樣的？)

[搭配] react on / upon = have an effect on 對…….有影響

react to… 對……反應(yīng) react against 反抗……

[拓展] reaction n. 反應(yīng)

8. annoy vt. 使煩惱；使惱怒 vi. 招人討厭；惹人麻煩

[舉例]（1）His wife annoyed him because the dinner was bad. (他妻子使他煩惱，因?yàn)槟穷D飯做得不好。)

（2）He felt / got / was annoyed with the boy for being so stupid.(他為這孩子如此的愚蠢而感到煩惱。)

[搭配] be / feel / get annoyed with sb 對某人感到煩惱

be / feel / get annoyed at / about sth對某事感到煩惱

[拓展] annoyance n. 煩惱；厭煩的事

9. accuse vt.指控；控告；譴責(zé)

[舉例]（1）She accused him of theft.（她控告他盜竊。）

（2）He was accused of cowardice.（他被指責(zé)怯懦。）

[搭配] be accused of sth 被指控犯某罪 accuse sb of sth 指控（指責(zé)）某人犯罪

[拓展] accuser n. 被告 accusation n. 譴責(zé)；控訴

10. associate vt. 使發(fā)生聯(lián)系；使結(jié)合在一起；把……聯(lián)想起來 vi. 交往；聯(lián)合

[舉例]（1）He associated himself with them in a business.（他與其他人合伙經(jīng)商。）

(2) We associate Egypt with the Nile.（我們想起了埃及就想起了尼羅河。）

（3）Don’t associate with dishonest boys. (勿與不誠實(shí)的男孩兒為友。)

[搭配] associate with… 與……聯(lián)合（結(jié)合；結(jié)交）

in association with… 與……在一起；與聯(lián)合

[拓展] association n. [UC] 聯(lián)合；結(jié)合；結(jié)交 （可數(shù)）協(xié)會(huì)；社團(tuán)；會(huì)社

11. appeal vi.有吸引力；呼吁；訴諸；上訴 n.感染力；呼吁；上訴

[舉例]（1）Bright colours appeal to small children.（鮮亮的顏色能吸引小孩。）

（2）At Christmas people appeal to us help the poor.（圣誕節(jié)期間人們呼吁我們幫助窮人。）

（3）She decided to appeal to another court.（她決定向另一法院上訴。）

（4）They appealed to the teacher.（他們聽取老師的決定。）

（5）That sort of music hasn’t much appeal for me.（那種音樂引不起我多大興趣。）

[搭配] appeal to… 向……懇求（上訴）；吸引…… appeal against… 不服……而上訴

an appeal for… 懇求……；呼吁…… an appeal to sb 請求……的決定；

[拓展] appealing adj.感動(dòng)人的；哀求的；動(dòng)人的；有吸引力的

12. profit n. [常用復(fù)數(shù)]利潤；贏利；利益 vt. vi. 有益（于）；有利（于）

[舉例]（1）He gains profits from his studies.（他從讀書中得到益處。）

（2）Have you profited by the experience?（你是否從該經(jīng)驗(yàn)中得到益處？）

（3）What can it profit him?（它能給他帶來什么益處？）

（4）I have profited from your advice.（你的勸告使我得到好處。）

[搭配] profit from / by… 從……中獲利（得到好處）

[拓展] profitable adj. 賺錢的；獲利的；有益的

attach vt. 系；貼；附加；認(rèn)為有（重要性）

[舉例]（1）Please attach labels to the luggage.（請把標(biāo)簽系在行李上。）

（2）She attached a document to a letter.（她把文件附在信上。）

（3）Do you attach much important to what he says?（你認(rèn)為他的話很重要嗎？）

[搭配] attach sth to sth 附上；加上；貼上；系上；認(rèn)為有；使與……相關(guān)聯(lián)

[拓展] attachment n.（不可數(shù)）附帶；附屬；附著 （可數(shù)）附帶物；附件

14. discount n. 折扣 vt. 打折扣 adj. 打折扣的

[舉例]（1）We give (a) 10 percent discount for cash.（現(xiàn)金付款，我們給你打九折。）

（2）All the small sizes are discounted today.（今天所有小號(hào)的東西都打折。）

[搭配] at a discount of… 打……（多少）折扣

at a discount (指貨物) 無銷路的；易獲得的；（喻）不受重視

其它詞組：

go hand in hand with 與……齊頭并進(jìn)

make informed choice 做出知情的選擇

get their message across 傳播信息

large amounts of = a great deal of 大量

in a variety of = all kinds of 各種各樣

make people aware of 使某人意識(shí)

look out for 關(guān)注

keep an eye out for 當(dāng)心

bait and switch 偷梁換柱

9 out of / in 10 mothers 每十個(gè)媽媽中的九個(gè)

on sale 降價(jià)出售

語法：賓語補(bǔ)足語

可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的詞和詞組有：

名詞：

We made him our monitor.

They thought this good advice.

They named their daughter Jenny.

注①：常用名詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等。

注②：充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的名詞若表示正式的或獨(dú)一無二的頭銜、職位時(shí)，前面一般不用冠詞，

They elected John chairman of the committee.

形容詞：

You should keep your room clean and tidy.

We’d better leave the door open.

注：常用形容詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see, consider, prove, have, leave, 以及paint, drive, turn, cut等。

現(xiàn)在分詞：

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.

I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.

At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in.

動(dòng)詞不定式：

Nobody could make him change his mind.

Would you like me to come along with you?

He believed the earth to be a globe.

過去分詞：

He watched the TV set carried out of the room.

Last year they had their house rebuilt.

When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood.

此外，副詞和介詞短語也可以充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：

When do you want it back?

Why didn’t you invite them in?

We could hear the children at play outside.

賓語和其補(bǔ)足語之間的邏輯關(guān)系：

1．當(dāng)名詞、形容詞、副詞和介詞短語充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它們和賓語之間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系（或稱表語關(guān)系），賓語補(bǔ)足語說明賓語的情況、性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)、身份或?qū)兕惖�。試比較：

We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.)

You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.)

We could hear the children at play outside. (The children are at play outside.)

2．當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)詞不定式充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它們和賓語之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，賓語補(bǔ)足語一般為賓語所做的動(dòng)作，如：

He saw an old man getting on the bus. (An old man was getting on the bus.)

Did you see a young man enter the house? (A young man entered the house.)

3．當(dāng)過去分詞充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，它與賓語之間有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即：賓語是過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，如：

I once heard this song sung in Japanese.

(This song was once sung in Japanese.)

I didn’t want the children taken out in such weather.

(The children were taken out in such weather.)

三、在用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞中，有些只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語；有些只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語；還有的動(dòng)詞既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

只能用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop, smell, excuse等。

She caught her son smoking a cigarette.

His words started me thinking.

只能用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for // think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。

既能用現(xiàn)在分詞又可用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。

四、使用不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，不定式符號(hào)to的取舍問題：

在hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe等動(dòng)詞后的不定式需省去to。

feel一詞，跟to be型不定式帶to；跟to do型不定式不帶to。

help一詞后的不定式，可帶to，也可以不帶to。

五、在復(fù)合賓語中，賓語通常為名詞或代詞，但有時(shí)也可以用不定式（短語）、動(dòng)名詞（短語）或that從句來充當(dāng)。這時(shí)，應(yīng)使用先行it代替賓語，而將真正的賓語移到句子的后部，

I felt it necessary to speak about our shortcomings.

Do you consider it any good trying again?

We all thought it a pity that you couldn’t join us.

注：在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓語補(bǔ)足語通常為名詞或形容詞；常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有： feel, find, think, make, take, judge, consider等。