Unit 13. the Mystery of the Moonstone
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Background
如果說(shuō)美國(guó)作家愛倫坡開了偵探小說(shuō)之先河，那么英國(guó)作家威爾基柯林斯對(duì)偵探小說(shuō)的貢獻(xiàn)，主要表現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面：（一）是他把偵探小說(shuō)從短篇引向長(zhǎng)篇。（二）是他首先在偵探小說(shuō)中塑造了一個(gè)職業(yè)偵探，并有意識(shí)地為現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的偵探樹碑立傳。
威爾基柯林斯（1824-1889），英國(guó)小說(shuō)家。他生于倫敦，父親是個(gè)風(fēng)景畫家，他早年就讀于海堡私立學(xué)校，12歲隨父母移居意大利，15歲回到英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)法律，學(xué)成后當(dāng)了律師。1847年，其父逝世，23歲的他嘗試寫作，第一部作品是記敘其父生平的《威廉柯林斯的一生》。1850年，他創(chuàng)作了第一部小說(shuō)《羅馬的陷落》。接著又寫了《貝錫爾》、《捉迷藏》，并認(rèn)識(shí)了當(dāng)時(shí)著名的大作家狄更斯。在文學(xué)的熏陶下，他成為一個(gè)流行小說(shuō)作家，他的不少作品在維多利亞時(shí)代最風(fēng)行的雜志《家常話》上發(fā)表，如《日落以后》、《死亡的秘密》、《我的雜志》等等，他的代表作是《月亮寶石》、《白衣女人》和《新濟(jì)良所》。另外，《可憐的芬區(qū)小姐》、《一個(gè)流浪漢的一生》、《黑袍》均有一定的影響。
《月亮寶石》是威爾基柯林斯創(chuàng)作巔峰時(shí)期的代表作，也是世界偵探小說(shuō)史上的一部杰作。我們不妨從這部作品來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)威爾基柯林斯偵探小說(shuō)的特點(diǎn)與藝術(shù)風(fēng)格。
《月亮寶石》以英國(guó)侵略印度圣城西林加巴坦為背景，英國(guó)軍官汗卡什在王宮中搶得了舉世聞名的月亮寶石，印度人不甘心國(guó)寶落入異邦，暗中跟蹤他至英國(guó)，并伺機(jī)襲擊他。汗卡什為了嫁禍于他人，臨終前把月亮寶石送給了他的外甥女雷茜兒，從此，雷茜兒一家鬧得烏煙瘴氣，無(wú)一寧日。未幾，月亮寶石竟不翼而飛了，各種人懷著不同的目的在尋找它，月亮寶石給占有它的人制造了命運(yùn)的悲劇。最終，在百折不撓的印度人的努力下，終于物歸原主，月亮寶石回到了印度圣城。
這部作品的敘述方法是很別致的，作者采用了各個(gè)不同的人物分頭敘述各個(gè)不同的故事，然后連貫起來(lái)，使故事的發(fā)展充滿了懸念與疑云。整個(gè)作品的情節(jié)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜、曲折離奇，讓讀者疑慮叢生。作者又借助于書中偵探克夫探長(zhǎng)之手不斷撥開疑云，讓神秘莫測(cè)的案子逐步顯露真相。作者的敘述與交代層次分明，揭示罪犯的作案手段猶若抽繭剝蕉，絲絲入扣。讀完全書，我們不得不佩服作者的聰明與他筆下那位克夫探長(zhǎng)的機(jī)智與老練。
《月亮寶石》不僅故事生動(dòng)，情節(jié)跌宕起伏，而且還塑造了一大批栩栩如生的人物典型。雷茜兒的閨秀氣派、弗蘭克林的大少爺作風(fēng)、高孚利的虛情假意、貝特里奇的固執(zhí)、羅珊娜的癡迷、克萊克的偽善、西格雷夫的愚昧昏庸，都襯托出書中主角克夫探長(zhǎng)的料事如神，據(jù)威爾基柯林斯自述，克夫探長(zhǎng)這一形象并非他的虛構(gòu)，他是根據(jù)英國(guó)警察廳刑事部的一位警探作模特的。他首先為現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的警探樹碑立傳，并根據(jù)他的事跡塑造了一個(gè)正面的英雄人物，這說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)對(duì)警察這一形象已經(jīng)有了觀念上的轉(zhuǎn)變，在19世紀(jì)初，讀者并不會(huì)接受克夫探長(zhǎng)這一形象，而到了19世紀(jì)末，克夫探長(zhǎng)在文學(xué)作品中的出現(xiàn)引起了讀者廣泛的喜愛，這表明了英國(guó)法律在社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)中有所進(jìn)步。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
威爾基柯林斯被譽(yù)為英國(guó)的通俗文學(xué)大師，也有人稱他是英國(guó)偵探小說(shuō)之父。這除了贊揚(yáng)他在偵探小說(shuō)史上的兩大突破，還對(duì)其作品的思想性與藝術(shù)性作了肯定的評(píng)價(jià)。他的作品筆調(diào)辛辣還帶有幽默感，在敘述中時(shí)而夾入風(fēng)趣的語(yǔ)言。他大膽揭露了英國(guó)侵略軍隊(duì)在印度圣城犯下的滔天罪行，對(duì)侵略者燒殺掠搶、破壞古跡、盜竊神器的行徑作了有力的抨擊，并刻劃了英國(guó)上流社會(huì)的世態(tài)炎涼與某些宗教的虛偽。無(wú)疑，這部偵探小說(shuō)在思想內(nèi)涵與藝術(shù)特色上，都是非常成功的。
由此可見，英國(guó)作家威爾基柯林斯在創(chuàng)作偵探小說(shuō)方面，比美國(guó)作家愛倫坡又邁出了更大的一步。如果杜賓是一個(gè)業(yè)余偵探，那么克夫探長(zhǎng)則是一個(gè)職業(yè)偵探；杜賓解開謎底只憑想象與推理，而克夫探長(zhǎng)則親自調(diào)查，跟蹤罪犯，歷經(jīng)種種艱險(xiǎn)，就更為令人親切可愛了。克夫探長(zhǎng)所遇到的疑案也比杜賓碰到的案子復(fù)雜得多、驚險(xiǎn)得多。整個(gè)故事的情節(jié)一波三折，更具可讀性。威爾基柯林斯的創(chuàng)作更接近于通俗文學(xué)范疇。
但是，威爾基柯林斯創(chuàng)作的偵探小說(shuō)仍然有一些不足，就以《月亮寶石》而言，全書有40萬(wàn)字（中譯本僅20多萬(wàn)字），書中的枝節(jié)大多，有不少冗長(zhǎng)乏味的敘述以及與破案無(wú)關(guān)的情節(jié)。小說(shuō)中偵探的成分是加強(qiáng)了，但推理的方法還欠精確，再以威爾基柯林斯一生的創(chuàng)作來(lái)說(shuō)，偵探小說(shuō)只占了他整個(gè)創(chuàng)作的三分之一，他還不是一個(gè)專門從事偵探小說(shuō)寫作的小說(shuō)家，盡管如此，他創(chuàng)作的《月亮寶石》對(duì)柯南道爾等偵探小說(shuō)家的出現(xiàn)是有重大啟發(fā)的，尤其對(duì)推動(dòng)英國(guó)文壇偵探小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作起了先導(dǎo)作用。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
Language points :
1. the novel the Moonstone is set in England in 1848, but the story really began 50 years later.
Set: 設(shè)置（書本，戲劇，電影等）背景。如：
The book is set in France in the eighteenth century. 這部書是以18世紀(jì)的法國(guó)為背景的。
This novel is set in the gold rush. 這部小說(shuō)是以淘金熱為背景的。
Set 其他意思：
He set his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的手上。
Please set the table for dinner. 請(qǐng)擺好餐桌準(zhǔn)備就餐。
Have you set the time for the meeting?你們把開會(huì)時(shí)間定下來(lái)了嗎？
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽(yáng)從東方升起在西方落下。
He set a diamond in a ring. 他把一塊寶石鑲嵌在戒指上。
2. curse n. 詛咒, 咒語(yǔ), 禍根, 禍因 vt. 詛咒, 咒罵, 降禍, 使受罪
Our tribe is under a curse. 我們的部族正遭天譴。
Foxes can be a curse to farmers. 狐貍可給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)禍害。
a terrible bolt of lightning; a terrible curse. 可怕的閃電；可怖的詛咒
It is essential for us to try to decide whether television is a blessing or a curse. 我們有必要來(lái)評(píng)斷電視到底是福還是禍。
Selfishness is the greatest curse of the human race. {William Ewart Gladstone) 自私是人類最大的禍根(威廉尤爾特格拉德斯通)
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. an act of revenge報(bào)復(fù)行為
Act 做動(dòng)詞的用法：
Think before acting. 三思而后行。
The medicine was taken for a long time, but it failed to act. 藥已經(jīng)服了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，但還未見效。
Act 與action 區(qū)別：
Action做可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，常與act 同義。 如：
A kind act/action. 仁慈的行為
但act 多指具體的，短時(shí)間的行為或行動(dòng)； action 多指復(fù)雜的持續(xù)的行為或行動(dòng)。
2）在一些固定用法中。 如：an act of cruelty (殘忍的行為)， an act of war（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)行為） , an act of mercy（仁慈的行為） 等中，不能用action 又如take action (采取行動(dòng))也是固定搭配�！�
３. pass 和pass on (…to)的區(qū)別
４. But from the moment Rachel fastens it to her dress, things start going wrong.
Fasten to 把。。。系在。。。
The bookshelf is fastened to the wall. 這個(gè)書架是固定在墻壁上的。
When we went to visit her, she was not in. we wrote a note and fastened it to the door. 我們?nèi)タ此龝r(shí)她不在，我們只好寫了張便條釘?shù)介T上。
Go wrong 出毛病，不對(duì)頭 如：
Something has gone wrong with my bike. 我的自行車出了點(diǎn)問題�！�
The party was going well until Mary arrived, then everything went wrong. Mary 來(lái)之前晚會(huì)開的很成功， 可后來(lái)一切都不對(duì)了。
５. as the story develops …
As 意思是“隨著”�！∪纾�
As time went by, he began to realize that he should have studied hard. 隨著時(shí)間的推移， 她開始意識(shí)到他本該好好學(xué)習(xí)的。
As 其他用法（作為連詞）
象。。一樣
He doesn’t like skating as much as he used to. 他不象以前那么喜歡滑冰了�！�
照。。。的方式
I have told the story just as it happened. 我已如實(shí)講了這件事�！�
因?yàn)椋热?/p>
As you object, I’ll reconsider the plan. 既然你反對(duì)，我就重新考慮一下這個(gè)計(jì)劃�！�
雖然，
Much as I like the book, I can’t afford to buy it. 盡管我很喜歡這本書，可我買不起。
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
６. to …degree達(dá)到。。。的程度
He was interested in his work to such a degree that he thought about nothing else. 他對(duì)工作如此感興趣，以致于他從來(lái)不想別的事情。
To a certain degree he likes his job. 在某種程度上他喜歡他的工作�！�
７. guilty 慚愧（about），有過(guò)失的，有罪責(zé)的(of)
I felt guilty about not visiting my parents more often. 我因沒有常去看望父母而感到內(nèi)疚�！�
John had a guilty look on his face. John 臉上顯出慚愧的表情�！�
The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence. 陪審團(tuán)裁決被告無(wú)罪�！�
We’ve all been guilty of selfishness at some time in our lives. 我們每個(gè)人都有過(guò)自私自利的過(guò)失。
8. resist 抵制，阻擋
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. 銀行強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)降低利率�！�
(用于否定句) 忍住，抵擋
He couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新車。
９. stain vt. 沾污，染污， 染色，玷污，敗壞�！. 污點(diǎn)，污漬
The juice from the berries stained their fingers red. 漿果汁把他們的手指染成了紅色�！�
Stain the specimen before looking at it under the microscope. 先把標(biāo)本染成紅色，再放到顯微鏡下觀察�！�
a blood / a coffee / an ink, etc. stain
stubborn stains
integrating skills
1. convince 說(shuō)服,，使確信，使相信
~ sb / yourself (of sth)
You’ll need to convince them of your enthusiasm for the job. 你要使他們相信你殷切希望得到工作。
[vn (that)] I’d convinced myself (that) I was right.
I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor. 我一直勸他去看病�！�
引申：convincing: 令人信服的，有說(shuō)服力的
a convincing argument / explanation / case 有說(shuō)服力的論點(diǎn)／解釋／事例
She sounded very convincing to me. 我覺得她的話很有說(shuō)服力�！�
Convinced 堅(jiān)信，確信（~ (of sth / that ... )
I am convinced of her innocence. 我堅(jiān)信她清白無(wú)辜。
I am convinced that she is innocent.
Sam nodded but he didn’t look convinced. Sam點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭，但是看起來(lái)并沒有信服�！�
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
2. assume 假定，假設(shè)，（呈現(xiàn)。。。的樣子，假裝）
Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds. 咱們假設(shè)計(jì)劃成功。
She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time. 他認(rèn)為，她會(huì)在通常時(shí)間回家的。
It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 普遍認(rèn)為，緊張系工作過(guò)重所致。
I had assumed him to be a Belgian. 我本以為他是比利時(shí)人�！�
３. meanwhile adv./n. 同時(shí)， 其間，（兩方面）對(duì)比之下
The doctor will see you again next week. Meanwhile, you must rest as much as possible.
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects. 壓力對(duì)你的健康非常有害，而鍛煉會(huì)減少這種害處�！�
in the meanwhile 在此其間，與此同時(shí)
I hope to go to medical school eventually. In the meanwhile, I am going to study chemistry. 我希望最終能上醫(yī)學(xué)院，這其間我打算學(xué)化學(xué)�！�
４. in all my years as a detective, I have never heard of a thief having such a loss of memory.
這里a thief having …是動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞多用通格。至于代詞多用賓格�！∪纾�
What about us going out for a walk?
I wonder if you’d mind us asking a few questions.
高考題：
Victor apologized for ___ to inform me of the change in the plan.
A his being not able B him not to be able C his not being able D him to be not able
答案是C.
5. accuse 控告，譴責(zé) ~ sb (of sth)
to accuse sb of murder / theft She accused him of lying.
The government was accused of incompetence
6. desperate 冒險(xiǎn)的，絕望的，
The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.
非常需要，渴望 ~ (for sth)| ~ (to do sth)
He was so desperate for a job he would have done anything.
I was absolutely desperate to see her.
７. nothing but to do
相關(guān)高考題：
Sandy could do nothing but ___ to his teacher that he was wrong.
A admit B admitted C admitting D to admit
答案是A
Teaching aims: Vocabulary revision
Grammar revision
Teaching main-points: Vocabulary and grammar revision in the process of the integration between the teacher and the ss
Teaching Crux: 1) SS’ explanation about the vocabulary and grammar
2) Teacher’s further explanation and supplement
Teaching materials & focuses:
８�！hile 用法
while 表示讓步，通常位于句首，意思是“盡管；雖然”。又如：
While I agree with your reasons, I can’t allow it. 盡管我同意你的理由，但我不允許你這樣做。
While he loves his stuents, he is very strict with them. 雖然他愛他的學(xué)生，可是他對(duì)學(xué)生們很嚴(yán)格。
While 其他用法歸納如下：
1）引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，意思是“當(dāng)。。。的時(shí)候，和。。。同時(shí)”。從句中謂語(yǔ)通常是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
如：Mary watched TV while she ate her supper. 瑪麗邊吃飯邊看電視。
While she was listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她聽著收音機(jī)睡著了。
2）表示對(duì)比或轉(zhuǎn)折，意思是“而，然而”。此時(shí)，while 一般謂語(yǔ)句中。 如：
Some people waste food while others haven’t enough. 有人浪費(fèi)糧食，而有人卻吃不飽。
高考相關(guān)：
I do every single bit of housework ____ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A since B while C when D as
答案是B.