高中英語應試輔導篇：說長道短話省略
同學們,你們知道英語中關于"省略"的語法現象嗎?在日常生活中,只要不產生歧義,人們往往為避免重復而習慣于應用省略的手段,使得語言簡潔、明快.當然,省略的情況五花八門,只有對其常見現象做到心中有數,這樣才能有的放矢,應對自如.本文將從省略的三個方面予以剖析,以幫助同學們提高做這類題的應變能力。讓我們--
一、單詞省略
1.不定式符號to的省略
①四看(see watch, notice, look at),二聽(hear, listen to),一感覺(feel),以及let, make, help,還有have之后的作賓補的不定式,但其被動語態中的to不能省略.例如:
Though he had made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.
②詞組do nothing but...,can't help but...,prefer to do sth. rather than do sth...., would do sth. rather than...,why not....等不定式中的to.例如:
Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.
A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride; riding
注意:在下面四種情形下,為了避免重復,常承前省略不定式后的內容,但要保留不定式符號to.
①作hope, wish, like, want, expect, decide, mean, intend, refuse, try, need等賓語的不定式.例如:
-Will the Browns go abroad this summer?
-No. They finally decided .
A. to B. not to C. not going D. not go
②作tell, ask, want, expect, warn等賓語補足語的不定式.例如:
The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street but his mother told him ______ .
A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do
③在某些形容詞,如:happy, glad, ready, anxious, eager, willing等后作狀語的不定式.例如:
-I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?
-Not at all, ______ .
A. I've no time B. I'd rather not C. I'd like D. I'd be happy to
④在某些結構,如:be able to, be going to be about to, ought to, have to ,used to等后作復合謂語的不定式.例如:
-Alice, why didn't you come yesterday?
-I ______ ,but I had an unexpected visitor.
A. had B. would C. was going to D. did
2.表虛擬的名詞性從句中should的省略
①一堅持(insist),二命令(order, command),三建議(suggest, propose, advise ),四要求(demand, require, request, ask)后的主語、賓語從句中.例如:
Jane's pale face suggested that she
ill and her parents suggested that she ______ a medical examination.
A. be; should have B. was; have C. should be; had D. was;has
②一個主意(idea),一個計劃(plan),一個命令(order),三個建議(suggest, proposal, advice)等后的表語、同位語從句中.例如:
The suggestion has been made that the football game ______ put off.
A. should B. will be C. be D. has been
③It is necessary(important, impossible, strange, natural, a pity, no wonder) that...主語從句中.例如:
It is necessary that the problem ______ at once.
A. solves B. should solve C. will be solved D. be solved
3.虛擬條件句中,含助動詞,情態動詞,動詞be或have等,若將它們提到句首,則須省略if。例如:
______ it rain tomorrow ,we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
4.連詞的省略
①引導賓語從句的連詞that在口語中常常省略,或并列的賓語從句中的第一個連詞that也能省略.例如:
He said (that)he had come here an hour before and that he had lived in a hotel.
②在定語從句中作賓語,且其前沒有介詞的關系代詞,或先行詞為way或time等時,常省略關系代詞.例如:
Do you still remember the name of the company ______ we visited last month?
A. whose B. as C.\ D. where
I don't like ______ you speak to her.
A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which
二、成分省略
1.在選擇疑問句、反意疑問句及一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、反意疑問句的答語中,通常都承前將重復的成分省略。例如:
-He hasn't ever been to Dalian, has he(ever been to Dalian)?
-No, he hasn't(been to Dalian).
Do you like studying Chinese or(do you like studying)English?
2.在時間、條件、地點、讓步、方式等狀語從句中,若謂語為be,主語同主句主語一致或主語為it時,常省略主、謂語.需要注意的是,謂語為實意動詞時,若其與省略的主語間為主謂關系時,則用現在分詞;若為動賓關系,則用過去分詞。例如:
Please send for a doctor as soon as(it is)possible.
If ______ the same treatment again, he's sure to get well.
A. give B. giving C. given D. being given
三、替代省略
1.think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine,hope等與so連用,替代肯定的賓語從句;與not連用,替代否定的賓語從句。例如:
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?
- ______ .
A.I don't believe B.I don't believe it C.I believe not to D.I believe not
2."So / Nor(Neither)+謂語+主語"這種句型是用來替代前面提到的情況,表明它也適用于后者。例如:
-I don't think I can walk any further.
- ______ . Let's stop here for a rest.
A. Neither am I B. Neither can I C.I don't think so D.I think so