Advance English 第一冊第一單元

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本單元的中心話題是校園生活，語言技能和語言知識也都是圍繞校園生活這一中心話題設計的。Welcome to the unit版塊介紹了英國校園生活的四個方面，引出話題，讓學生對中國中學校園生活和英國中學校園生活進行比較，通過Reading和閱讀練習，來提高學生略讀（skimming）和搜讀（scanning）兩個方面的閱讀能力。Word power版塊強化了校園設施、活動器材等方面詞匯的學習。在Grammar and usage版塊中，學習定語從句的基本概念，關系代詞和關系副詞的功能，并重點學習關系代詞that, which, who, whom 及whose的用法。接下來的Task版塊主要介紹了校園的一些活動，在了解這些活動的同時，來練習聽、說、讀、寫幾個方面的技能，讓學生學會如何談論校園活動以及寫一份舉辦某一活動的通知。在Project部分，通過學習兩篇介紹關于學校俱樂部的文章，學會設計一份關于創辦一個新校園俱樂部的海報。學生通過本單元后面的Self-assessment版塊，來對本單元所學各個項目進行自我評價，為下一步學習制定行動計劃。

本單元要求掌握的詞匯和短語主要有：attend, earn, respect, achieve, grade, literature, average, challenging, lunchtime, e-mail, extra, cooking, prepare, drop, woodwork, miss, dessert, field, experience, article, penfriend, introduce, immediately, former, recently, culture, develop, photograph, donate, gift, display, kindness, guest, speech, flat, bookcase, attention, please, title, dynasty, cover, recent, professor, regret, inform, run, host, approve, broadcast, preparation, close, outing, continue, poet, generation, poem, select, require, scary, nature, for free, pay attention to, make preparations for 。語法項目主要掌握定語從句的基本概念、關系代詞和關系副詞的基本功能以及關系代詞that, which, who, whom及whose的用法。

學習頻道

1. Going to a British school for one year has been a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.

此句中going to a British school for one year為動名詞短語，做句子的主語。如：

Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火很危險。

有時可用形式主語it，而將動名詞短語放在后面。如：

It’s no use arguing with him. 同他爭論是沒用的。

2. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades.

此句中不定式短語to earn respect是 way的后置定語，修飾way。如：

There is nothing to worry about.沒什么可擔心的。

I have something to tell you. 我有事要告訴你。

I have a pen to write with.我有一支可寫字的鋼筆。

way作“方式，方法”講時，其后常跟to do sth.或of doing sth.作定語，兩種形式基本相同。 如：

I had no way to get in touch with him.我無法跟他取得聯系。

Soon he got used to the American ways of doing things.不久他就習慣了美國式的做法。

此句中另一個不定式短語to work hard and achieve high grades作 that引導的賓語從句中的表語。如：

His job is to water the flowers. 他的工作就是澆花。

To see is to believe.眼見為實。

3. Though it didn’t look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.

此句為though引導的讓步狀語從句，意為“雖然，盡管”，用法同although，引導的從句既可放在主句之前，又可放在主句之后，注意主句不能再用but引導。如：

We went out, though it was raining.雖然下著雨，我們仍然出去了。

Though they are poor, they buy a great many books.盡管他們窮，他們還是買許多書。

though從句的動詞如果與主句為同一動詞，則有時可省略主語與動詞。如：

He was happy, though poor.他雖然窮，卻很快樂。

though有時可用作副詞，意為“可是，但是”，通常置于句尾或插入句中。如：

It was hard work; I enjoyed it，though.那工作很辛苦，但是我卻喜歡。

There’s no excuse, though, for hurting her feelings.傷到她的感情一事，還是不可原諒。

4. This is about the average size for British schools.

此句中的average為形容詞，意為“平均的，一般的”，如：the average age emperature,平均年齡氣溫。另外，average還可用作名詞，意為“平均數，平均水平”，常見的短語有： an average of…平均（有）…；on (the) average平均，一般說來；aboveelow (the) average在平均水平以上以下

5. Going to a British school for one year has been a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me.

I was very lucky to experience this different way of life.

第一句中的experience為可數名詞，意為“經歷”。如：

Our journey by camel was quite an experience.我們騎駱駝旅行真是一次令人難忘的經歷。 He will make a speech about his experiences in China. 他將做一個演講，講述他在中國的經歷。

當experience作“經驗”講時，通常用作不可數名詞。如：

He has a lot of teaching experience.他有許多教學經驗。

第二句中的experience用作動詞，意為“經歷，感受”。如：

Have you ever experienced real hunger?你體驗過真正的饑餓嗎？

He experienced many difficulties during his study in Britain.在英國學習時，他經歷過許多困難。

experienced為形容詞形式，意為“有經驗的”，常構成的短語有： an experienced doctor 一個有經驗的醫生；be experienced inat 對…有經驗。

6. She seems to be a person who can’t pay attention to one thing for long.

此句中的pay attention to 意為“注意”，其中的to為介詞。如：

He didn’t pay attention to me. =He paid no attention to me. 他沒有注意到我。

Too much attention was paid to the details.太過于注意細節了。

attention常構成的短語還有：attractdrawcatch one’s attention吸引某人的注意力；

focus one’s attention on集中注意力于…； turn one’s attention to將注意力轉向…。

7. We regret to inform you that our library will be closed next Wednesday, Tuesday and Friday for the sports meeting.

此句中的regret為動詞，意為“遺憾，抱歉”，常用結構有： regret to say tell you inform you that…或regret that…。如：

I regret to tell you that I can’t come today.=I regret that I can’t come today.我很遺憾今天不能來了。

當regret作“后悔”講時，常說 regret sth.egret (not) doing sth.egret that…。如；

He regretted his carelessness.他對自己的粗心大意感到懊悔。

=He regretted having been careless.

=He regretted that he had been careless.

另外，regret還可用作名詞，意為“遺憾，后悔”，常用短語有： without regret 沒有后悔；feel regret感到后悔；to one’s regret（對某人而言）可惜的是…。

8. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food.

During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should or shouldn’t do for preparation.

第一句中的prepare為及物動詞，意為“準備”， prepare sth.意思是“準備某事，做某事”。另外，prepare還可用作不及物動詞，prepare for sth.意思是“為…做準備”。

When I got home, mother was preparing supper.當我到家時，母親正在做晚飯。

People are busy preparing for the new year.人們正在忙著為新年做好準備。

短語be prepared for 意為“為…做好準備”，意思同be ready for ，強調一種狀態。如；We are well prepared for the exam now. 現在我們已為考試做好了充分的準備。

第二句中的preparation是prepare的名詞形式，常見的短語有：make preparations for為…做準備（意思同prepare for，其中preparations常用復數形式）； in preparation在準備中； in preparation for作為…的準備。

9. I was required to write a poem and I had to read it out to group.

此句中的require用作動詞，意為“要求“，常用作 require sb.to do sth.或require that sb. (should) do sth.，意思是“要求某人做某事”。如：

He required me to attend the meeting.他要求我參加會議。

=I was required to attend the meeting.

=He required that I (should) attend the meeting.

另外，require 還可做“需要”講，意思和用法跟need相似，常用作 require sth.或

require + v-ing ，意思是“需要（被）…”。如：

This suggestion requires careful thought.這條建議需要仔細考慮。

This wall requires repairing.這面墻需要修理。

10. First of all, let me introduce myself to you.

此句中的introduce是動詞，意為“介紹”，常用在introduce sb.( to sb.)結構中，意思是“（向某人）介紹某人”。如：

May I introduce my friend George to you? 向你介紹我的朋友喬治好嗎？

introduce也可作“引進”講，常用在introduce sth. into o some place結構中，意思是“把某物引進到某地來”。如：

New Paris fashions are introduced into Shanghai every year. 巴黎的新流行式樣每年都被引進到上海。

另外，還可作“引導初學者認識…”講，常用在introduce sb. to sth.結構中。如：

The teacher introduced his young pupils to computer science. 這位老師引導他的學生了解計算機科學。

教你一招： 何時只用關系代詞that?

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換, 但在下列情況下, 一般用that而不用which。

①當先行詞為all, much, little, few, none, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞時，如：

a. All that can be done has been done.

b. I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

c. There is little (that) the enemy can do besides surrender

② 先行詞被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修飾時。

I’ve read all the books that are not mine.

③先行詞是序數詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。

This is the best book (that) I’ve ever read.

This is the first composition (that) he has written in English.

④先行詞被the only, the very, the last 修飾時。

That white flower is the only one (that) I really like.

This is the very book (that) I have been looking for.

⑤ 當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用who (whom)和which引導。如：

He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited.

⑥以who, which, what 開頭的疑問句，定語從句用that而不用who, (whom)和which引導。

Who is the person that is standing at the gate?

Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this?

What that is on the table belongs to me?

⑦ 當關系代詞在從句中作表語時。

Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.

鞏固練習：

1. All ________ is useful to us is good.

A. which B. what C. that D. whether

2. This is the very factory ________we visited last year.

A. that B. which C. what D. the one

3. The text is one of the most interesting stories ________ learnt in the past three days.

A. that have B. that have been C. which has D. which has been

4. This is the only thing ________ I can do now.

A. what B. which C. that D. all

5. I saw the boy and his dog ________ were walking in the park.

A. which B. that C. who D. whom

6． Which is the book ________ you borrowed from the library.

A. which B. what C. whom D. that

7. China is no longer the country ________ it used to be.

A.what B.which C. who D. that

鞏固練習參考答案：（CABCBDD）

單元知識點專項練習：

I. 單詞拼寫（根據首字母提示寫出該單詞的適當形式）：

1. They had a quiet wedding（婚禮） - only a few friends a_______ it.

2. As students, we should show r_______ for our teachers.

3. Mary is interested in the classical (古典的) l_______ of France.

4. Department stores d_______ their goods in the windows.

5. The boy is brave enough to accept the c_______ job.

6. Before Christmas, the bus company provided e_______ buses because there were so many people.

7. I knew there were problems, but I was not p_______ for this.

8. He had many interesting e_______ while traveling in Africa.

9. Keeping a p_______ is a good way of practising your writing.

10. The headmaster i_______ a new teacher to the students yesterday morning.

11. I haven’t seen her r_______ and I don’t know how she is getting along with her book.

12. Your garden looks so beautiful! May I take a p_______ of it?

13. The White House didn’t a_______ the plan until recently.

14. The football game was b_______ on TV and millions of people watched it.

15. This custom (風俗) has been handed down from one g_______ to another.

II. 單項選擇:

1. Have you seen the famous writer ________?

A. that our teacher told B. who our teacher told you

C. our teacher told you of D. our teacher told you of him

2. Much attention should ________ science and technology.

A. pay to develop B. pay to developing

C. be paid to develop D. be paid to developing

3. What they are doing is ________ some money.

A. more than donating B. much than to donate

C. more than to donate D. much than donating

4. David thought a while and then decided to ________ the meeting.

A. attend to B. join C. take part in D. attend

5. I never feel ________ in his company.

A. easily B. at ease C. comfortably D. pleasing

6. English is spoken as the native language in countries ________ Britain, the USA, Canada and Australia.

A. for example B. as C. like D. in other words

7. His health was getting worse and he regretted _______ his doctor’s advice. A. not to have taken B. not having taken

C. to have not taken D. having not taken

8. All the students ________ three tests in English literature.

A. require to take B. require taking C. are required to take D. are required taking

9. Beijing, ________ the 2008 Olympic Games, calls on all its citizens to learn English.

A. are preparing for hosting B. are prepared to host C. are prepared for hosting D. preparing for hosting

10. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ________ it more difficult.

A. to make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make

11. I expect you are right - I’ll ask him, _______.

A. though B. although C. as though D. even though

12. – What do you think made him so upset?

–________.

A. He lost his new bike. B. Because he lost his new bike. C. Having lost his new bike. D. Because of losing his new bike.

13. Mr. Green knows how to deal with children well. He has ________ in a primary school.

A. ten years’ experience in teaching B. ten years’ experiences in teaching C. ten years’ experience to teach D. ten years’ experiences to teach

14. The mother ________ her daughter’s safe arrival.

A. informed of B. was informed on C. informed on D. was informed of

15. What do you think of the way ________ this problem.

A. he thought of solving B. that he thought to solve C. he thought of to solve D. which he thought solving

III. 句型轉換(每空一詞,注意保持句意一致):

1. While in Britain, he became interested in teaching Chinese to English students.

When he was in Britain, he ______ ______ ______ ______ teaching Chinese to English.

2. Students at that school can give up some subjects if they don’t like them.

Students at that school can ______ some subjects ______ they don’t like.

3. I usually went to the computer club at lunchtime, so I could get in touch with my friends by e-mail without paying any money.

I usually went to the computer club at lunchtime, so I could ______my friends ______ ______.

4. Tom is six years old this year and old enough to go to school.

Tom is six years old this year and old enough to ______ ______.

5. An average of 20 students went abroad to go on with their English studies in this school

each year from 1998 to 2004.

______ ______, there were 20 students who went abroad to ______ their English studies in this school from 1998 to 2004.

6. John used to be a lazy boy, but now he isn’t.

John is ______ ______ the lazy boy ______ he used to be.

7. Mary has a very good friend, but I can’t remember her name.

Mary has a ______ friend ______ ______ I can’t remember.

8. As soon as he finished his studies, he started traveling in China.

______ ______ his studies, he started traveling in China.

9. When David returned to Britain 2 months ago, he brought many books back from China and gave them to his school library for free.

When David returned to Britain 2 months ago, he ______ the books ______ he brought back from China ______ his school library.

10. After the journey his clothes looked so dirty and needed to be washed.

After the journey his clothes looked so dirty and ______ ______.

11. When you rang me up last Friday, I was busy preparing for traveling to China with my parents.

When you rang me up last Friday, I was busy ______ ______ ______ traveling to China with my parents.

12. Each day our canteen serves three meals, and you can also buy soft drinks during break times.

Each day our canteen serves three meals, and soft drinks ______ also ______.

IV. 單句改錯:

1. The teacher brought in a boy and introduced him for us. ________

2. That morning I got up an hour later than usually as I had no classes. ________

3. The homework here is not as heavy as I was used to get in my old school. ________

4. Man can’t go against the nature without being punished. ________

5. The boy who you saw him at the school gate was from the UK. ________

6. This is the most interesting book which I have ever read. ________

7. Father was sitting on the sofa at ease while mother was preparing for lunch. ________

8. More equipments has been introduced into our school since last year. ________

9. Though the family was very poor, but the parents wanted their daughter to continue her studies. ________

10. Mary is the only one of the girls who were invited to the party last Sunday.

V. 根據所給單詞或短語完成句子：

1. 每周一早晨,所有同學都被要求參加集會．（require, attend）

2. 最后他通過努力工作達到了目標．(achieve one’s goal)

3. 我沒花錢從別人手里拿到了這張票，他不想要．(for free)

4. 誰被選中來朗讀這篇課文的？(select)

5. 對于如何經營商店，他一無所知．(run)

6. 這個孩子從未受過善待．(experience)

單元知識點專項練習參考答案：

I. 單詞拼寫:

1.attended 2.respect 3.literature 4.display 5.challenging 6.extra 7.prepared 8.experiences 9.penfriend 10.introduced 11.recently 12.photograph 13.approve 14.broadcast 15.generation

II. 單項選擇：

1---5.CDADB 6---10.CBCDB 11---15.ACADC

III. 句型轉換

1.developed an interest in 2.drop, that 3.e-mail, for free 4.attend school 5.On average , continue 6.no longer, that 7.close, whose name 8.UponOn finishing 9.donated, which hat, to 10.requiredeeded washing 11.making preparations for 12.are, available

IV. 單句改錯:

1.for改為to 2.usually改為usual 3.去掉was 4.去掉the 5.去掉him 6.去掉which 或把which 改為that 7.去掉for 8.equipments改為equipment 9.去掉but 10.were 改為was

V. 根據所給單詞或短語完成句子：

1. Every Monday morning, all the students are required to attend assembly.

2. Finally he achieved his goal by working hard.

3. I got this ticket for free from somebody who didn’t want it.

4. Who has been selected to read out this text?

5. He knows nothing about how to run a shop.

6. This child has never experienced kindness.