江蘇省泰興市第二高級中學 周義平
定語從句是中學英語教學的重點，也是學生學習的難點，同時又是高考考查的熱點。縱觀近年各地高考試題，就能發現考點大多集中在帶有"插入語"的定語從句；which 、as 引導的非限定性定語從句； where 、 when引導的定語從句以及定語從句和強調句、同位語從句的區別等方面。對定語從句的考查不單純考查其語法結構，而是把它融入到一定的語境中，考查考生的實際綜合運用能力。
高考試題中，主要從以下角度考查定語從句：
定語從句的考點之一
正確區分關系代詞that引出的定語從句功能強，除不能作定語(用whose)外，其它幾個功能都可用that。但命題角度主要以that與which指物時的區別為重點進行命制。例如：
（1）--Do you have anything in mind _________ you’d like for supper?
--Well, _________ is OK with me.
A. that ; anything B. which ; everything
C. what ; whatever D. where ; something 選A。
（2）The wrong you've done him is terrible, for ______ you should make an apology to him, I think.
A. this B. which C. what D. that 選B。
定語從句的考點之二
正確區分關系代詞(that或which)與關系副詞when(表時間)、where(表地點)、why(表原因)。重點根據定語從句中所缺成分（即關系詞在定語從句中作狀語時，使用關系副詞when (on which); where(in which); why(for which)；在定語從句中作作主語、賓語或表語時，使用that或which。）來確定是用關系代詞還是關系副詞，絕不能因先行詞是時間名詞就用when，是地點名詞就用where，是reason就用why來確定。因此，認準先行詞只是選擇關系詞的一個方面，更重要的是看其在后面定語從句中充當什么句子成分例如：
（3）He should stand near the stage ________ he could watch and follow the play.
A. where B. when C. that D. there 選A。
（4）Do you think the reason _______ he gave is believable.
A. for which B. which C. why D. what 選B。
（5）We are living in an age _______ many things are done on computer.
A. which B. that C. whose D. when 選D。
定語從句的考點之三
當先行詞在定語從句中作主語時，應注意主謂語的一致性及被動語態問題。尤其要注意在考題中不用定語從句，而是用分詞短語作定語。例如：
（6）The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written 選D。
（7）The train that stands at platform 7 / standing at platform 7 is for Wuhan.
（8）Any article that is left in these buses / left in these buses will be taken at once to the Lost Property Office.
定語從句的考點之四
定語從句中不能再重復與先行詞有關的代詞或副詞。必須牢記定語從句中關系詞已經替代先行詞并且在定語從句中已經充當其成分，故不能再用相關的代詞或副詞。例如：
（8）He made another wonderful discovery, _______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think it is B. which I think is
C. which I think it D. I think which is 選B。
（9）This is the hospital _____ they visited last year and is the one _____ I worked in five years ago．
A．that；where B．where；that
C．where；where D．that；that 選D。
（10）There are dirty marks on her trousers ________ she had wiped her hands.
A. that B. which C. where D. when 選C。
定語從句的考點之五
對介詞后接關系代詞而不接關系副詞的考查；當關系代詞作介詞賓語，且該介詞不是和從句的謂語動詞構成固定短語時，介詞可以提前，這樣就出現"介詞+關系代詞"。先行詞指物，用"介詞+which", 指人則用"介詞+whom", 且兩個關系代詞均不能省略，介詞的選擇要遵循兩個原則：
1.根據定語從句中謂語動詞與先行詞的搭配內容而定。 2.根據先行詞特殊用法而定。例如：
（11）This flower doesn't do well in soil other than the one_____ it has been specially developed．
A．for which B．that C．of which D．where 選A。
（12）Anyway, that evening, ____I will tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's place.
A. when B. where C. what D. which 選D。
定語從句的考點之六
關系代詞as的考查。關系代詞as引導限制性定語從句時既可指人又可指物。它只能替代由such，the same等修飾的先行詞；as引導非限制性定語從句時，可放于句首，句中或置于句尾，而which則只能置于主句之后。但如果定語從句為否定句或表示否定意義，使用which。As引導的定性定語從句有"正如"之意，而which引導的沒有。 例如：
（13）Our teacher set us such a difficult maths problem _____ we could not work out.
A. that B. which C. as D. even 選C。
（14）Carl said the work would be done by October , _______ personally I doubt very much.
A. it B. that C. when D. which 選D。
（15）________ is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As C. That D. What 選B。
定語從句的考點之七
解題時要注意題干的內容和句子的結構，（進行必要的語法分析，弄清句子結構。）再行答題。例如：
（16）The teacher wanted to teach us ________ he knew at this last lesson.
A. all which B. all what
C. of which D. everything which 選B。
（17）Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment , _______ I will always treasure.
A. that B. one C. it D. what 選B。
（18） Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _____went wrong again.
A. it repair B. it repaired
C. repaired D. to be repaired 選C。
（19）______is well-known that Antarctica is difficult to reach
A. It B. What C. As D. Which 選 A
（20）_______is well-known , Antarctica is difficult to reach.
A. It B. What C. As D. which 選C。
（21）_______is well-known is that Antarctica is difficult to reach.
A. It B. What C. As D. which 選B。
雖仍定語從句的結構和用法比較復雜，但只要從定語從句的形式上、結構上和用法上來分析理解和比較，就一定就能把握定語從句的用法。