泰興市第二高級中學 主備人: 劉慶芳
Unit 6 Going West(Teachers’ edition)
Period 1 New words and expressions
Teaching aims:
1)Read the new words and expressions.
2)Learn some of the important new words and expressions
1.quit [ ] vt. 過去時，過去分詞quit或 quitted，現在分詞quitting
1). 離開;退出
He quitted Paris after a week. 他一周后離開了巴黎。
2). 放棄，停止 [+v-ing]
He has quitted smoking.他已戒了煙。
She asked them to quit talking.她要求他們不要說話
quit a job.辭去工作
advised them to quit their dissipated ways. 勸導他們撇棄放蕩的生活方式
vi.
1). 離開;遷出
If he doesn't pay his rent, he will receive notice to quit. 如果他不付房租,他將被通知搬出去。
2). 停止
It's almost 5 o'clock; time to quit.都快五點鐘了;該下班了。
3). 放棄斗爭,認輸
4). 【口】辭職
I'm going to quit next week.我將在下周辭職。
2.apply [ ] vt.
1). 涂,敷;將...鋪在表面 (+to)
The nurse applied the ointment to the wound. 護士把藥膏敷到傷口上。
2) 應用;實施 (+to)
We should apply both theories in the language classroom.
我們應把兩種理論都運用到語言教室中去。
He applied the brakes.他踩剎車
3)使起作用;使適用(+to)
This rule can not be applied to every case. 這條規則并不是在每種情況下都能適用的。
4）把...用(于)[(+to)]
She applies all her money to her mortgage（抵押）. 她將她所有的錢都用來付抵押貸款
5）.專心；集中精力
apply oneself to 專心從事，埋頭于…
The new comer applied his mind to the job. 新來的職員工作專心致志。
Students should apply themselves to their study. 學生們應該專心致志地學習。
注意：He applied to the company for the position.他向公司申請這一職位。
3.add up 把...加起來
Add up 3, 4 and 5 and you'll get 12. 把三、四、五相加,總數是十二。
Add up these figures, please. 請把這些數字加起來。
He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.
他把每一塊石頭的重量記下來，然后把所有的重量加在一起。
add up to 總計為，總數達
His education added up to no more than one year.他受的教育加起來不過一年。
add…to…把…加到…上/里 // add to 增加,增強
add fuel to the fire 火上加油 add color to 增色
Will you add some sugar to your coffee?
Your carelessness adds to our difficulties.
4.circumstance [ ]
n.情況,環境;情勢
In normal circumstances I would have resigned immediately.在正常情況下,我本會馬上辭職的。
under no circumstances ，in no circumstances，無論如何不；決不
詞組：under the circumstances或in the circumstances 在這些情況下；情況既然如此
The circumstances forced me to accept. 環境迫使我不得不同意。
Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.
也許在這樣的情況下我們可以說人定勝天。
It depends on [upon] circumstances. 這要視情況而定。
Under no circumstances should you step out of the house.
5.Don't lose heart. 別泄氣。 lose sight of忘記，忽視
lose one’s heart to愛上 lose contact with 與 …失去聯系 lose control of對…失去控制
lose face丟面子 lose hold of 松手,放開 lose interest in對…失去興趣
6.assessment [ ] n.
評價;估計[C]
He made a careful assessment of the situation. 他對形勢作了細致的評估。
assess [ ] vt. assessed， assessing， assesses
估定, 評定對...進行估價,評價
It is too early to assess the effects of the new legislation. 現在來評價新法規的效果為時尚早。
7.take it easy別著急，別緊張，慢慢來，多休息（從容, 不緊張, 松懈, 輕松）
Take it easy. We'll take care of everything. 別著急。一切由我們照料。
Our teacher told us to take it easy before the examination. 老師交待我們考試前要放松。
---I’ve caught a bad cold,and had a headache.
---Take it easy and drink more water.
8.keep up保持，維持，堅持；持續，繼續：
We asked her to stop talking, but she kept up. 我們請她別再說話了，但她依舊說下去.
Keep up! 堅持！
keep up a good state of mind 保持一個良好的心態
Keep up your courage!鼓起勇氣
Keep up your spirits! 振作精神
I don’t know how long the rain will keep up.不知道這雨會持續多久。
I have formed the good habit of getting up early, but I don’t know if I can keep it up.不知道是否能堅持下去
keep up with 趕上 /keep back阻止,扣下，隱瞞 /keep down控制,臥下 /keep off 不接近
/keep on繼續,保持 /keep out不準入內/keep out of 置身于…之 /keep to堅持/keep(sb) away (from sth)使（某人）離開（某物）/keep sth. in mind 記住
9.survival [ ]n.
1). 幸存;殘存[U]
2). 幸存者;殘存物[C]
The old man is a survival of the past age. 這老人乃上一個時代的遺老。
survive [ ] vt.
1). 在...之后仍然生存,從...中逃生
Only two passengers survived the air-crash. 這次飛機失事只有兩名乘客幸免于死。
2). 比...活得長;喪失(配偶,親人等)
She survived her husband by twenty years. 她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。
vi. 活下來,幸存;殘留[(+on)]
Few survived after the flood. 洪水后極少有人生還。
10.relief [ ] n.
1). (痛苦,負擔等的)緩和,減輕;解除[U][S1][(+of/from/on)]
The pills gave her some relief. 藥片減輕她一些痛苦。
Will this medicine give immediate relief from the pain? 吃了這藥能馬上止疼嗎?
2). 輕松,寬心,慰藉[U][S1]
Hearing the news, he breathed a sigh of relief. 一聽到消息,他如釋重負地松了口氣。
I felt great relief when I heard I had passed the examination.聽說我通過了考試，感到輕松多了。
3) 救濟;補助;解救[U]
to send relief to flooded areas 將救濟物資運送給災區
11.deliver [ ] vt. n.
1). 投遞;傳送;運送[(+to)]
The mailman delivered the letters promptly. 那個郵差準時地投遞信件。
Some new books have been delivered to the school. 一些新書已被送到學校。
2). 發表;講;宣布
He delivered an important report at the meeting. 他在會上作了重要報告。
3). 給...接生;生(嬰兒)
She delivered twins in the evening. 晚上她生了一對雙胞胎。
Which doctor delivered the baby? 哪位醫生接生了這個嬰兒？
12.tough [ ] a.
1). 堅韌的,牢固的,折不斷的
This material is as tough as leather. 這料子像皮革般堅韌。
a tough policy 強硬的政策
2). (肉等)老的,咬不動的
The steak was so tough I couldn't eat it. 牛排太老了,我咬不動它。
3). 困難的 the toughest questions.最困難的問題
He faces the toughest test of his life so far.他面臨著人生最嚴峻的考驗。
a tough guy 硬漢 tough meat 老肉 tough attitude 強硬的態度 a tough task 棘手的任務 a tough customer 難纏的顧客 a tough neighborhood 治安很差的住宅區
13*wrap [ ] vt. wrapped， wrapped
1). 包,裹[(+up/in)]
I wrapped the book in brown paper before I mailed it. 我先把書用牛皮紙包好,然后郵寄。
2). 纏繞,披[O][(+around/about)]
She wrapped a scarf around her neck. 她把一條圍巾圍在脖子上。
3). 覆蓋;遮蔽
The skyscraper was wrapped in fog. 摩天大樓為霧所籠罩。
14.tie up [ ]
1). 系住
He tied up the horse and went into the inn. 他系住馬,走進了小酒店。
2). 使受阻
The traffic had been tied up for three hours. 交通阻塞已有三個小時。
15.packet [ ] n. . 小包(裹);小捆;小袋[C][(+of)]
The mailman brought a small packet. 郵差送來了一個小郵包。
He bought a packet of cigarettes. 他買了一包香煙。
16.go for為…而去，努力爭取 He is going for a job.他正在求職
I really go for progressive jazz.我十分愛好漸進式爵士樂。
She doesn’t go for men of this type.她不喜歡他這種類型的男人。
Go for it,John. We know you can beat him.去吧，約翰。我們知道你能贏。
Period 2 Warming up, listening and speaking
Teaching aims: Try to improve the students abilities of listening and speaking
Step 1 Warming up
Ask the students to fill out the form ,write their score for each question in the box and add up the total score.
Step 2 Listening
Listen to the tape and finish the exercises on page 47.
Step 3 Speaking
The speaking activity is tied in with the listening. Encourage the students to think creatively.
Period 3 Reading
Teaching aims:
1. Help the students improve the skills of summarizing and scanning.
2. Underline and analyze some key phrases and sentences.
3 . Get the students to know the importance of perseverance.
Fast-reading
1 When did we decide to move to another place? 1845,10
2 How long did the journey last? About a year
3 What is our first destination? India Greek in Kansas
4 Is the journey hard? Can you make some examples about it?
Yes, it is hard. You can make many examples.
Careful-reading
Exercise1. True or False
5.It took much time for the writer to decide what they should bring for the journey.(T)
6. We traveled alone. (F with many other families)
7.Indian Greek in Kansas was the meeting place for people moving to the east.(F)
8.On November 4, 1846, the travelers entered the Salt Lake Desert and soon lost their way.(T)
9.The travelers burn their animals because they were ill.(F)
10.The travelers were shocked to see the horses and oxen,suffering from heat ,thirst,and starvation.(F)
11.During the journey ,the travelers were helpful to each other.(F)
12 .When a young man in our group suggested that I stay behind with the children and wait for help, I agreed. (F I didn’t agree.)
13. When the animals smelt the water, they all ran. (T)
Exercise 2
Choose the best answers
1.The reason why my father wanted to go to California is that . 答案：C
A. California was in desert B. California was far away
C. California was a wonderful land described in a book
D. California was the largest state in the USA
2.People moving to the west would meet in . 答案：A
A. Kansas B. California C. Salt Lake Valley D. Salt Lake Desert
3.On which day did the author enter the Salt Lake Desert? 答案：B
A. April 12. B. November 4. C. October 15. D. December 25.
4.Why did the travelers call their ninety-mile drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “Long Drive”? 答案：D
A Because the landscape was dry and barren. B. Because water was salty and not drinkable.
C. Because their water supply was so low. D. All of the above.
5.After the travelers burnt their wagons, they had to go on their feet with another miles to go. B
A.2 500 B.500 C.90 D.45
6.Why didn’t the author stay behind with the children and wait for help? A
A. Because that meant he/she would die.
B. Because he/she knew that children were tiresome.
C. Because he/she knew that there was a wagon waiting for him/her.
D. Because he/she felt he/she could get a prize by his/her father.
7.The animals almost ran when the travelers reached the edge of the desert, why? 答案：C
A. Because they were tired and weak. B. Because they had no burden.
C. Because they must have smelt the water. D. Because they went back to their home.
8.How long did the author spend finishing the journey? 答案：A
A. More than 40 months. B. About 2 months.
C. About a year. D. About a year and a month.
9.From the text, we can infer . 答案：D
A. the author and the travelers had to go all day and all night long
B. there was no oxen left when the travelers reached California
C. many travelers died when their days of hardship came to an end
D .it’s a long way to travel from the author’s hometown to California
10.The best title of the text is . 答案：B
A.A Journey To California B. Long Drive
C. The Salt Lake Desert D. Enjoy Your Life
Detailed reading
1.Fill in the chart:
Time Events
October, 1845 set off for the journey
April ,1846 continued the journey westward
November, 1846 entered the desert and lost the way
For many weeks travel in the Death Valley
Christmas Day reached the promised land
2.The main idea of the text:
The text related a story that the hero’s family and many other families moved to the West. They ran into many difficulties on the way to the West. Faced with the difficulties, they didn’t give up. Finally they got to the West and started a new life.
Part 1 (1) The cause and the beginning of the journey
Part 2 (2) The first destination of the journey
Part 3 (3-5) The most trying part of the journey
Part 4 (6) Reaching the promised land (The end of the journey)
Post-reading
Questions:
1 Where in the text do you find evidence that the wagons were not he most suitable means of transport? You can find your answers in paragraph 3.
2 Why did the travelers call their ninety mile-drive through the Salt Lake Desert the “long drive”?
We had to travel long without water or grass for the animals to eat. It was hard.
3 What can you learn from this reading passage? What impresses you most?
1)After suffering from many difficulties, we can live a better life. Facing the hardship, never give up, etc.
2)The courage of the people impresses me most.
Period 4 Language Points
Teaching aims:
1. Grasp some important phrases in the text.
2. Learn some language points.
Step 1 Revision
1.What can we learn from this text?
When we come across problems, we shouldn’t try to escape. Instead , we should learn to face reality and solve the problems. As long as we overcome the difficulties and never give up, we will achieve our goals and succeed. More over, we all have dreams in our heart. As long as we insist and keep making great efforts, I believe we will make our dreams come true one day.
2.Consolidation
In the ______ of 1845, after his father read a book about _________, he decided to _____ there. His family and many other families ________ for their journey by the middle of October. After traveling through _________, they had to spend __________ in Kansas. Until ____________ , they wouldn’t leave. They traveled by day. On November4, 1846, they entered __________ and soon lost their way. Due to lack of ______________, the oxen had no strength to pull the wagons and were burnt. People had no choice but to cover another 500 miles ________. At last, they _________ all the difficulties and got to the west on the morning of _____________. They started their new life there.
Keys: spring, California, move, 4 states, the winter, April 12, 1846, the desert, water and grass, on foot, overcame, Christmas Day
Step 2 Language study
1. beyond [ ] 介詞 prep.
1).在（到）…較遠的一邊
What lies beyond the mountains? 山的那一邊有什么？
2).晚于；超過
This work is beyond my grasp. 這件工作非我力所能及。
Don't stay there beyond midnight. 不要過了午夜還留在那兒。
3).為…所不能及；多于；超出
Understanding this article is beyond my capacity（能力）. 我看不懂這篇文章。
It's quite beyond me why she married such a heavy smoker. 我實在無法理解為什么她會嫁給這樣一個煙鬼。
The fruit is beyond my reach. 那個果子我夠不著。
4). (常用于含疑問或否定意義的結構中)除...之外
He has nothing beyond the house. 除這幢房子外,他別的什么也沒有。
* beyond all praise 贊美不盡 beyond belief難以置信
beyond compare 無與倫比的 beyond description無法形容
beyond words無法用語言表達
2.leave behind忘了帶;留下
I've left my pen behind. 我忘了帶筆。
I’m afraid we must leave Xiao Lin behind.恐怕我們得把小林留下。
When he went to work in Saudi Arabia, he had to leave his family behind.
他前往沙特阿拉伯工作時，他不得不留下他的家人。
* leave sth aside 不考慮 leave alone不打擾
leave out遺漏 leave off停止
3.burden n.負擔；責任，義務：
The old man bent with a heavy burden on his back. 老人因背著重負而彎腰。
He could not carry the burden alone. 他一人挑不起這副擔子。
The burden of organizing the campaign fell to me. 組織這次活動的責任落到了我頭上
It is a burden to the people. 這對人民是一種負擔。
The burden fell on me. 責任落在我身上。
vt.
1.) 加重壓于，加負擔于，煩擾[(+with)]
The government burdened the nation with heavy taxes. 政府使國民負擔重稅。
2.) 加負荷于，使載重[(+with)]
He was burdened with a large bundle of magazines. 他吃力地捧著一大捆雜志。
4.desperate [ ] a.危急的;絕望的，極嚴重的
He was desperate when he lost all his money. 當他丟了所有的錢時,他絕望了。
The prisoners grew increasingly desperate.犯人越來越絕望。
the desperate look of hunger; a desperate cry for help. 饑餓者臉上那絕望的樣子；絕望的呼救聲
a desperate illness; 絕癥；a desperate situation. 危險境地
5.accustomed [ ] a.
1). 慣常的,通常的
2). 習慣的,適應了的
her accustomed smile她慣常的微笑
He is accustomed to work hard一向勤奮工作
I am accustomed to sleeping late.我習慣于睡得很晚
I'm not accustomed to getting up so early to do morning exercises.我不習慣這么早起床進行晨練。
I’ve been accustomed to looking after them.
It’ll take time for me to accustom myself to the changes.我需要花時間來適應這些變化.
6.starvation [ ]n. 饑餓;挨餓;餓死[U]
The old woman died of starvation. 老婦人被活活餓死。
starve [ ] vi.
1). 餓死
The explorers starved to death in the desert. 探險者們在沙漠中餓死了。
2). 挨餓
3). 【口】餓得慌
Let's get something to eat; I'm starving. 我們吃點東西吧;我餓壞了。
4). 渴望;極需要 (+for)
The plants are starving for water. 這些植物極需要水。
7.anxiety [ ] n.
1). 焦慮,掛念[U][C][(+about/for)]
The mother was filled with anxiety about her daughter's health. 母親為女兒的健康憂心忡忡。
2) 焦慮的原因;令人焦慮之事[C][(+to)]
That is a great anxiety to me. 那是一件使我深感焦慮的事情。
3). 渴望[C][(+for)][+to-v]
Their anxiety to go was obvious. 他們想去的急切心情是顯而易見的。
8.come to an end 結束
The meeting came to an end at last. 會議終于結束了。
come to a stop 停止 come to a decision 作出決定 come to a conclusion 得出結論
come to a person’s aid 援助某人 come to an arrangement (agreement) 達成協議
All good things must come to an end. 一切好事遲早都會結束。（天下沒有不散的宴席。）
at the end of 在...結尾,在....末端 in the end 最后，終于
bring to an end 使…結束 on end on end 豎著, 連續地
make an end of 終止，除掉 end (up) with 以――告終
put an end to 結束，終止 make ends meet 收支相抵
9.lose one’s way become lost 迷路；迷失
Lily lost her way in the woods. 莉莉在森林里迷了路。
feel one’s way fight one’s way make one’s way
push one’s way wind one’s way
Step 3 Translation
1.believe in 信任;信耐
2.stand for 代表;代替
3.adapt to 適宜
4.lose heart 灰心;泄氣
5.be cast away (被)拋棄
6.give up 放棄
7.less than 少于;不足
8.set off for 開始(旅程;賽跑);出發
9.move on 繼續前進
10.take the way 出發;首途
11.lose one’s way 迷路
12.hang out 伸出
13.in desperate need of 在極度需要的(時候)
14.on our feet=on foot 步行
15.be accustomed to doing sth. (通常用于被動語態)習慣于
16.suffer from 患病;遭受……之苦
17.hurry on to (with) 趕緊辦理;急急忙忙地去做某事
18.stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事
19.start doing sth. 開始做某事
20.go on all fours 用四肢
21.(at)the edge of of (在)……邊緣
22.stare at 瞪視; 凝視
23.come to an end 結束;終止
24.a race against time 與時間賽跑
25.save…from 挽救……免于
26.take up to 占用(時間;空間)
27.at stake 在危險中;關系重大
28.risk one’s life to 冒險去做某事
29.apply…to… 運用;應用
30.add up (兩個或兩個以上的數量或量)加起來
31.take it easy 別緊張;放松點
32.keep up 維持;保持;使某事處于高水平
33.common sense 常識;情理
34.leave behind 忘帶;留下
35. live through sth. 經歷某事物而幸存
36.tie up 系;拴;捆
37.go for 為……去;努力獲取
Period 5 Word study and Grammar
Teaching aims:
1. To review the words and expressions learned in the reading.
2. To summarize the usages of the Attribute.
Period 6 Integrating skills
Teaching aims:
1. To get the students to understand some words and phrases in the text.
2. To help the students summarize the main points after they read the dialogue.
Step 1 Skimming
After reading the text, answer the following questions:
(1) What did the dialogue mainly tell us?
The dialogue mainly told us about the history of the Anchorage-to-Nome dog sled races.
(2) For what purpose did the people use the dog team?
People used the dog team to deliver the vaccine from Anchorage to Nome.
Step 2 Scanning
Find some information to fill in chart:
The brief introduction to the story
The time In the winter of 1925
The place A small city called Nome
The plot A terrible disease called diphtheria struck Nome, but there were no enough vaccine.
Luckily, the doctors found a good supply of it in Anchorage. However, the frozen sea and the shortage of the plane made it impossible to deliver the vaccine fast.So people decided to use a dog team. These dogs and their drivers overcame all the difficulty and worked day and night to make sure the vaccine can arrive on time.
The result The children were saved by the vaccine because of the great efforts made by the dogs and their drivers. In order to remember these heroes, the local people set a bronze sculpture of a dog in New York’s Central Park. This is a memorial to all who
Risked their lives to save those of others.
Step 3 Further reading
Judge whether the following statements are true or false:
(1) The first dog race was a race against time. ( T )
(2) The disease which struck the Nome was called flu. ( F )
(3) If doctors couldn’t get enough vaccine, the children would die quite soon. (T )
(4) The doctors could do nothing but use the dog team to deliver the vaccine because there were not enough ships and planes. ( F )
(5) During the journey, the dogs and their drivers should fight against the hot weather. ( F )
(6) When the dogs and their drivers arrived on time, they were warmly welcomed. ( F )
Step 4 Language study
1.anniversary 周年紀念；周年紀念日
a wedding anniversary the 20th anniversary of our country’s independence
2.deliver: 釋放，移交，投遞，發表，給予，表達
deliver sb. from sth.把某人從…解救出來 deliver sth to/over sb把某物交付某人.
deliver a message 帶信,傳話 deliver a speech發表講話
deliver over (up) (to) 移交,交給 deliver a baby生孩子
He delivered himself up to the police. 他向警方自首了.
I delivered the message and parcel to her. 我把信和包裹交給了她.
3. stake n.樁,水刑柱,賭注 v.系于柱上,打賭
tie sth to a stake把…拴在柱子上 play for high stakes下大賭注賭錢
stake…on…把…押在…上 be at stake 生死攸關
He staked all his hopes on his son’s success as a stateman.
他把所有的希望都寄托在兒子身上,盼望他成為成功的政治家
He left the gambling game when they played for high stakes.
賭注太高時他離開了賭局
I’m going to stake $5 on that watch. 那塊表我押5 美元.
Our children’s life is at stake. 孩子們的生命瀕臨危險.
4. risk n.風險, 保險對象 vt. 冒…的危險
do sth at the risk of one’s life=risk one’s life to do sth冒生命危險去做…
at all risks=at any risk無論冒什么危險,無論如何
at (one’s) risk 有危險
run(take) a risk (risks)=risk doing sth 冒險
If you go out without your raincoat, you run the risk of getting wet.
如果你出門不帶雨衣,就有可能被淋濕.
We can’t risk your catching the measles.我們不能讓你冒染上麻疹的危險
Too many lives were at risk. 太多的人有生命危險
5.prevent v. prevention n. preventable 可預防的 preventive預防的
prevent sb from doing prevent disease
Try to prevent fires in dry weather.干旱天氣預防火災
There was nothing to prevent him becoming engaged.沒有什么能阻止他訂婚
Prevention of illness is better than curing it.防病勝過治病
6.cover vt.掩蓋,掩護,包括,走過,支付,報道 n. 蓋子,封面
be covered with 蓋著… from cover to cover從頭至尾
cover 6 miles 走了6 英里 cover a conference采訪會議
cover the expense 負擔費用 a cover for…蓋子
She covered her face with her hands. 她用手蒙住了臉.
I didn’t cover as much ground as I had wanted.我沒有走完我原打算走的那么多路.
This report covered all aspects of the problem.這個報告涵蓋了這個問題的所有層面
Step 5 Translation
1. the eightieth anniversary of sth. …80周年紀念日
2. a race against time 與時間賽跑，搶時間
3. save…from 挽救……免于
4. there was widespread relief 足以令人欣慰
5. Every minute counted/counts. 沒分鐘都非常關鍵。
6. up to 一直到,等于
7. at stake 在危險中；關系重大
8. the golden rays of the dawn 黎明的第一道曙光
9. a memorial to sb. / sth. 的紀念館
10. risk one’s life to do/doing 冒險去做某事 risk doing
11. diseases of that kind 那樣的病
12. a historical event 歷史事件