Unit 10 The World Around Us

I.Teaching aims and demands

1.Topics

1>Talk about ways to protect the environment

2>Talk about wildlife endangerment

3>Talk about causes and effects

2.Function:

原因和結(jié)果(Causes and effects)

Why...? Because/As/Since...

Because of...,I... If...,then...

As a result of... It follows that...

It will use... It will lead to...

3.Vocabulary

fur;Tibetan;lead;jungle;wolf;giraffe;environmental;tour;act;measure;original;

battary;devote;common;valuable;reduce;respond;amount;package;packging;harmful;

flat;material;poster;attractive;topic;organize;brief

in danger;die out;as a result of;lead to;take measures;adapt to;

make a difference;devote...to;at present;set free;in the wild;throw away

4.Grammar:

Review Direct and Indirect Speech

1.Reporting statements

2.Reporting yes-no questions

3.Reporting wh-questions

4.Reporting commands and requests

5.Reporting general truth

II.Key points

1.listening and speaking

1>When farmers cut down trees,tigers no longer hide and hunt.

no longer

[用法]不再,可與not...any longer換用.

[舉例]She no longer feels afraid.

He s no longer at school.

No longer are they staying with us.

他們不再和我們在一起.

2>There are few areas left where pandas can live.

left

[用法]剩下，此處為過去分詞做定語。

[聯(lián)想]leave的特別用法：

1.leave sb to do 讓某人去做某事

2.leave sb doing 使某人處于某種狀態(tài)

3.leave the window open 讓窗戶開著

3>Many of the world s animals and plants are in danger.

in danger

[用法]處于危險中

[比較]dangerous:造成危險的;帶來危險的

[舉例]Get an ambulance---her life is in danger.

The fire is dangerous to us as it is so near.

4>Why is it so important to make sure that animals do not die out?

die out

[用法]消亡;滅絕

[聯(lián)想]die away 逐漸消失;逐漸停止

[舉例]The sound of conversation died away as soon as the curtain rose.

大幕一升起,談話的聲音漸漸地停了下來.

In the struggle for life,the species,which had not been successful,died out.

在生存競爭中,不能成功的物種就滅絕了.

5>Work together with your partner and try to think of some solutions to the problems.

together with

[用法]意同as well as;along with

[注意]在連接主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于充當(dāng)主語的第一個名詞的數(shù).

6>It will lead to...

lead to

[用法]導(dǎo)致

[舉例]The development of national economy has led to a life of happiness.

國家經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展使人民過上了幸福生活.

Careless driving will lead to the loss of life.

開車大意會導(dǎo)致喪命.

7>Student A will act as the reporter and Student B will act as the animal.

act as

[用法]充當(dāng);擔(dān)任

[比較]act vt. 扮演...角色; vi. 行動;做事;表演

8>Take turns asking and answering questions.

Take turns (in) doing

[用法]輪流做某事

[聯(lián)想]take one s turn 依次輪流

by turns 交替;輪流

[舉例]1.When people are waiting for the bus,he takes his turn.

2.The two boys took turns in driving to the faraway village.

3.She was happy and angry by turns.

2.reading

1>Jones is an environmental expert who tries to keep animals and plants from becoming endangered.

keep...from doing

[用法]防止(阻止;避免)...做...

[聯(lián)想]stop...from doing; prevent...from doing 意思基本相同

2>We human beings could not survive without all plants and animals around us.

could

[用法]本句為虛擬語氣用法,could表示反現(xiàn)實的含義.without短語相當(dāng)于一個隱藏的條件:if there were no plants and animals around us.

[舉例]If you needed assistance,I could do something.

假如你需要幫助,我可以幫你做點什么.(看樣子,你不愿接受幫助)

In the USA,for example,75% of the grains is used to feed animals.This grain could be used to feed humans,rather than animals.

3>He takes us on a tour of Green Park in Birmingham.

tour

[用法]n. 1. 旅行,旅游,游覽 2. 巡視;巡回演出;巡回比賽

[舉例]Mr. Adams made a tour around East Asia last year.

亞當(dāng)斯先生去年往東亞旅行了一次。

Their troupe is on tour in the South.

他們的劇團在南方巡回演出。

4>We must learn to act in ways that do not harm other living things.

that do not harm other living things

[用法]此為定語從句,關(guān)系詞在從句中做主語,不可省略

[比較]I don t like the way that you laugh at her.

本句中way在定語從句中做狀語,關(guān)系詞用that或in which或省略.

[舉例]1.I was impressed by the way in which she did it.

5>...,we may be able to take measures before it is too late.

take measures

[用法]采取措施

[舉例]Measures must be taken to fulfil the task in time.

6>A species can become endangered for different reasons.

species

[用法]n. 種類;【生】種;人類[the S]

[注意]單復(fù)數(shù)相同

[舉例]There are many species of chrysanthemum.

菊花品種很多。

7>They are all used to their environment;that is,they have learnt how to live successfully in their habitat.

that is

[用法]那就是;即

[舉例]John is a New Yorker;that is,he lives in New York.

8>...,the animal or plant has to adapt to the change or find a new home.

adapt

[用法]vt.1. 使適應(yīng),使適合 2. 改編,改寫 vi. 適應(yīng)[(+to)]

[舉例]He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.

他努力使自己適應(yīng)新的情況。

10>The good news is that there is a lot we can do to help.

that there is a lot we can do to help

[用法]that引導(dǎo)的是表語從句(名詞性從句的一種),其構(gòu)成與賓語從句、主語從句類似.

[舉例]The trouble is that we don t have the computer.

11>Even small things can make a big difference.

make a difference

[用法]有關(guān)系;有差別;重要

[聯(lián)想]make no difference 無甚差別;不要緊

[舉例]Your good score on the coming test will make the difference between your passing or failing the course.

12>Professor Stevenson,who has devoted himself to protecting the milu deer,gave a talk to Chinese college students.

devoted ... to ...

[用法]把...獻給...;把...專用于...

[舉例]We must devote every effort to helping those homeless children.

Einstein devoted himself to abstract research.

13>How many centers are there at present for the milu deer in China?

at present

[用法]現(xiàn)在;目前

[聯(lián)想]present的其他用法: n.禮物 a.在場的;出席的;現(xiàn)在的 vt.贈送,給予

presently adv. 一會兒;不久

[舉例]You may still keep the book for another week because I am very busy at present.

What he said made all the people present at the meeting moved a great deal.

Don t worry.The doctor will come to see you presently.

3.integrating skills

1>Without air,water and sunlight there would be no living things.

there would be

[用法]would仍是虛擬語氣用法,全句意為 (假如)沒有空氣,水和陽光,就不會有生命. (而實際上,現(xiàn)在不可能沒有空氣,水和陽光)

[舉例]If I were you,I would take his advice.

如果我是你,我會接受他的意見.(我不可能是你,這是和事實相反的一種假設(shè))

2>Human beings often throw away things they have used only once.

throw away

[用法]扔掉;拋棄

[舉例]I never had the habit of saving the match boxes.I just threw them away.

[聯(lián)想]throw off 扔掉;擺脫;匆匆脫掉(衣服)

[舉例]I wanted very much to throw off my old clothes so I went into a tailor s shop.

3>In fact,nature is much better at recycling than we humans are.

is much better at

[用法]可理解為be good at的比較級形式

4>May be we should learn from nature and become better recyclers.

learn from

[用法]向...學(xué)習(xí);從...吸取教訓(xùn)

[舉例]We should learn from the advanced workers.

我們應(yīng)該向先進工作者們學(xué)習(xí).

Why don t you learn from my mistakes?

你為何不從我的錯誤中吸取教訓(xùn)呢?

5>We can respond by thinking about nature and telling other people about environmental problems.

respond

[用法]vi. 1. 作答,回答[+to] 2. 作出反應(yīng);響應(yīng)[+to/by/with]

[舉例]Has she responded to your letter?

她有沒有回過你的信?

The government has responded to pressure and dropped the proposal.

政府已在壓力下放棄了這一建議。

6>A poster should be attractive and easy to understand.

easy to understand

[用法]這里的主語poster和understand雖然是動賓關(guān)系,但表語形容詞后的動詞不定式一般用主動式

[舉例]Jack is easy to fool.

He is difficult to deal with.

The man is hard to work with.

4>workbook

1>Try to persuade the other group members that you are the most useful animal.

persuade

[用法]persuade sb that/to do/into doing 意為說服+成功;

而try to persuade意為 試圖說服,但不一定成功 ,相當(dāng)于advise

2>They have spent a large amount of money protecting wild animals.

a large amount of

[用法]同large amounts of,后接不可數(shù)名詞,做主語時謂語動詞的數(shù)取決于amount的數(shù)

[舉例]The number of letters we receive is increasing.

I have a large number of books on the subject.

We must often memorize large amounts of material.

3>Up to a hundred species become extinct every day.

Up to

[用法]此處意為 高達...

[聯(lián)想]What are you up to? 你在忙些什么？

It s up to you!（由你做主）

I m up to my ears[忙得不可開交；深陷于某事物中] in work.（我忙死了）

extinct

[用法]a.1. (火等)熄滅了的 2. 消亡了的;破滅了的 3. 絕種的,滅絕的

[舉例]The volcano is extinct.

這座火山是座死火山。

My hope of getting some employment was extinct.

我要找到工作的希望落空了。

The passenger pigeon is extinct.

旅鴿已絕種。

4>The Malayan sun bear is among the animals that need our help.

among

[用法]在……當(dāng)中

[舉例]A giraffe is the tallest among (or of) all animals.

5>The bears can t find enough food,so they have to go look for food on farms.

go look for

[用法]尋找

[舉例]Let s go look for some food. 讓我們?nèi)フ尹c吃的.

6>There are also people who like to keep Malayan sun bearts as pets.

keep ... as ...

[用法]把...當(dāng)作寵物來喂養(yǎng)

[聯(lián)想]keep…as it is按原樣保留

[舉例] The experts suggested we keep the ancient house as it is.

7>Now that the basic conditions are set,it is time to think how your world will work .

Now that

[用法]既然;由于,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句

[舉例]Now (that) you are well again,you can travel.