Unit 1 That must be a record
1. BRIEF STATEMENT BASED ON THE UNIT
something about The Guinness Book of World Records
The Guinness Book of World Records is a world famous collection of records in human life ,including alll specific skills.
What is the longest song title? Who is the tallest living human being? What is the rarest stamp? The answers to these questions, and more, can be found at today's Family Site. Called The Guinness Book of Records, this is a site that represents an organization that for years has recorded events and stunts from all over the world. The desire of human beings to be the fastest, or tallest, or have that smallest or largest of an item are the bread and butter of this group.
At this site, you can find out about the latest record setting attempts and in what categories, search for existing records, find out the schedule of their television show, and suggest ideas for new categories or records.
This site is really interesting, one that you can spend an hour or two and be thoroughly entertained. By the way, the longest song title is a 1946 song by Hoagy Carmichael called "I'm a Cranky Old Yank in a Clanky Old Tank on the Streets of Yokohama with my Honolulu Mama Doing Those Beat-o, Beat-o, Flat on my Seat-o Hirohito Blues". Or it was the last time I looked. As for the other answers, you can find those for yourself at the site.
The book of records has been renewed each year and has been bought and enjoyes in 141 countries around the worls .The 262 editions and 35 languanges it has used ,may be a record itself.
Who got the idea to write the Guinness Book of World Records?
In 1951, Sir Hugh Beaver, the then managing director of the Guinness Brewery, went on a shooting party and became involved in an argument. Which was the fastest game bird in Europe ?the golden plover or the grouse? He realized then that a book supplying the answers to this sort of question might prove popular. He was right!
II．GOALS
1.Talk about records，adventures and hobbies
2.Practise measuring and comparing
3.Review the Subject
4.Fill in a form
TEACHING AIMS:
1.Learn and master the following words: beard, cheetah, sailfish, voyager, tight, gorge.
2.Learn something about world records of all kinds.
3.Train the students’ listening ability.
4.Develop the students’ speaking ability by talking about records, adventures and hobbies.
TEACHING IMPORTANT POINTS:
1.Finish the task of listening to train the students’ listening ability.
2.Talk about records, adventures and hobbies to improve the students’ speaking ability.
TEACHING DIFFICULT POINTS:
1.Help the students to improve their listening ability.
2.Help the students to finish the task of speaking practice.
TEACHING METHODS:
1.Talking about the pictures to arouse the students’ interest in world records.
2.Listening and speaking to train the students’ ability to speak English.
3.Individual, pair or group work to make every student work in class.
TEACHING AIDS (O)
TEACHING Periods
Period 1 warming-up
Step 1 GREETINGS AND LEAD-IN
Step 2
Take the quiz below and see whether you can guess the answer
1. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth is __________.
A. –75.4℃ B. –89.2 ℃ C. –110.7 ℃
2. The world’s tallest man is ________
A. 2.35m B. 2.45m C. 2.55
(America's Robert Wadlow who still towers above the rest at 8ft 11.1 inches. )
3. The youngest college graduate
was_______
A.10 years old B 12 years old C. 14 years old
4. The highest number of goals
in a soccer career is ______
A. 1279 B,546 C. 3850
5. The longest beard is _________
A. 73cm B. 1.83 cm C. 2.33
6. The longest lecture lasted _______
A. 32.5 h B. 62.5h C. 82.5h
1. The lowest temperature ever recorded on Earth①is _____.
A. –75.4℃ B. –89.2 ℃ C. –110.7 ℃
(-128.6°F) at the Russian Base in Vostock in Antarctica on July 21, 1983
① on earth在世上,在人間;究竟(用于疑問詞后)
歸納拓展
ever, in the world也可用于疑問句who, what等詞后,表“究竟”的含義。
(-128.6°F) at the Russian Base in Vostock in Antarctica on July 21, 1983
2. The world’s tallest man is ________. A. 2.35m B. 2.45m C. 2.55
(America's Robert Wadlow who still towers above the rest at 8ft 11.1 inches. )
3. The youngest college graduate① was_______.
A.10 years old B. 12 years old C. 14 years old
② graduate n. （大學）畢業(yè)生
歸納拓展
graduate vt. 畢業(yè) graduation n.
graduate from從…畢業(yè) after graduation
4. The highest number of goals in a soccer career is _____. A. 1279 B. 546 C. 3850
5. The longest beard is _________. A. 73cm B. 1.83 cm C. 2.33
6. The longest lecture lasted① _______. A. 32.5 h B. 62.5h C. 82.5h
③ Last延續(xù)，持續(xù)；耐久，支持
The raining season lasted until July.
This coat has lasted well.
Take the quiz below and see whether① you can guess the answers．
① whether 和if 的區(qū)別。whether 和if 引導賓語從句一般情況下都可以互換。
1)句中出現(xiàn)or/or not 時，且位于句末，用whether/if都可以。Whether后可以直接跟 or not，if則不能。
2)在引導主語從句﹑表語從句和同位語從句時，只能用whether。
3)whether 引導的從句可作介詞賓語，而if 則不可以
4) whether 引導的從句可以作某些動詞，如：discuss 的賓語，而if則不能。
5) whether 可與不定式連用，而if則不能。
He wasn’t sure whether/if he ought to laugh or cry.
I don’t know whether or not he is coming.
Whether it is true remains a problem.
Whether we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon.
I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.
Everything depends on whether we have enough time.
We discuss whether we should close the shop.
I don’t know whether to accept the gift.
② records of all kinds各種各樣的記錄
of all kinds定語修飾名詞，意思是“各種各樣的”。
There are flowers of all kinds in the garden.
知識拓展：
of 意思是“具有”，可加抽象名詞，of + n. = adj。
of importance / help / value / use
What he said just now was of great importance.
Step 3 listening
answer the questions in the SB
posssible answers:
1, large, big ,short,great,long,giant,small,tiny,strong , thin,….
2. reach, up to,speed, kilometre,hour,second,minute,metre,mile, per, fast,slow…
3.tall people; easy to reach sth, waste coth
short pepole : smart quick,difficult to reach sth.
① talk about談論；談起
歸納拓展
talk of談到；談起 talk with與…交談; 與…討論
talk to sb找某人談話 talk big說大話, 吹牛
talk sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事
become the talk of the town 成為大眾的話題
② speed
歸納拓展
with great speed迅速地 at full / top speed 以全速
at a speed of …以…的速度 speed up加速
2. (3) Some people are short and small and some are tall and big. What are the advantages①and disadvantages of different sizes?
① Advantage n. 優(yōu)勢,好處,有利條件
歸納拓展
take advantage of sb 利用某人,欺騙某人
take advantage of sth (巧妙地)利用某物
have the advantage of 勝過,占優(yōu)勢
gain /get / have / win an advantage over [of]較…獲得(占,贏得)優(yōu)勢,優(yōu)于
3. 2 The world’s heaviest living person weighs①______ kilograms.
① weigh vt. 稱…重量;掂量;考慮; vi. 重若干
歸納拓展
weight n. 重量;重擔,負擔 weighty adj. 重的,沉重的
by weight 按重量計算 put on weight 增至;發(fā)福
lose weight體重減輕
Finish the Exs in the SB
Step 4 speaking
ask the students to work in pairs to have a dissussion
1．Prepare預備，準備prepare; prepare for; preparation; get ready for
prepare a meal / one’s lesson準備飯/功課
I prepared the ground for the seeds. 我整理好土地準備播種。
2．use sth to do用…來做…
歸納拓展
be used to do sth被用來做… be used for doing sth被用來做…
be used to sth / doing sth
it’s no use doing sth做某事沒用
Period 2and 3 reading
Step1. Pre –reading : answer the questions in the Sb
Step2. Scanning
1. Who was Sir Hugh Beaver?
2.When was the first edition of Guinness Book of World Records published?
Match the general idea of each paragraph.
1. Chinese record Para. 1
2. The first edition of Guinness
Book of World Record Para. 2
3. Records from the world of sports Para. 3
4. Records of different categories Para. 4
5. How to set a record? Para. 5
6. Why are people so interested in records? Para. 6
Step 3 carefully reading
1. Who got the idea to write the Guinness Book of World Records?
2. When was the first edition of the Guinness Book of World Records published?
3. How are records collected in the book? Please give 3 examples.
4. Why are people so interested in world records?
5. How can you try to set a record?
posssible answers:
1. Sir. Hugh Beaver.
2. In 1955.
3. The Guinness Book of World Records has chapters on the human body, amazing feats, the natural world, science and technology , arts and the media, modern society, travel and transport, and sports and games.
Examples: Tian’anmen Square is the largest square in the world.
the longest moustache reached a length of 1.6 metres.
the longest poisonous snake is 5.71 metres long.
4. Because we are curious about the records and also entertained by accounts of strange and unusual deeds and facts.
5. First contact the Guinness Book of World Records.
Then the editors will send you rules and the form you need to apply the record after their discussion.
Afterwards a Guinness official will come to inspect your attempt.
If you are successful, the official will confirm the record and give you a certificate.
Step 4
Match each of the sentence below with a paragraph in the reading.
A . The Guinness Book of World Records is popular because people enjoy reading about strange facts and exciting achievements.
B. The editors of the book collect all the records and put them into different groups.
C. Sir Hugh Beaver decided to write the book as the result of an argument with a friend.
D. Even though the records themselves are amazing, the stories of the people who set the records are often even more interesting.
E. A new Guinness world record will only be accepted if it is safe and has been done according to the rules.
F. “ I just love reading about people who do amazing things, such as swimming a long river or running across a country. The stories inspire me and are fun to read.
Step 5 T or F.
1. The Guinness company began to the Guinness Book of World Records in the 1950s.
2. More than 60,000 new records are printed in the book each year.
3. An Englishman balanced a small car weighing 159.6 kilogrammes on his head for 33 seconds.
4. Lance Armstrong’s speed record is more impressive than his struggle against his disease.
5.The records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others are not allowed in the book.
6. The records in the Guinness Book of World Records are including different areas of people’s life.
Step 6 post- reading
Answer the following questions.
1. How did Sir Hugh Beaver come up with the idea for Guinness Book of World Records?
2 .What Guinness record were set in Urumqi and Hong Kong?
3. How long is the longest moustache in the world?
4. What are the categories in Guinness Book of World Records?
5. Why are Lance Armstrong’s records special?
6. What types of record attempts are not allowed?
7. Why do you think many people are interested in world records?
How much do you know about Guinness and the world record?
If you want to set a record, what kind of record would you like to?
posssible answers:
1. He first wanted to settle an argument about the fastest bird in Europe．After talking to his friends, he concluded that a book which answered such questions might popular.
2. Urumqi is the most remote city from the sea ; A special and delicious record was set in 1997 to celebrate Hong Kong’s return to China.
3. 1.6 meters
4. human body，amazing feats，the natural world，science and technology，arts and the media，model society，travel and transport，and sports and games．
5. It fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease.
6.Records that are dangerous to the person who is attempting it or to others
7.Because we want to know what is possible and find out just how far we can push ourselves and are also entertained by accounts of strange and unusual deeds and facts．
Step 7 Language points
1. conclude vt.推斷出, 斷定 [+that]
conclusion. n. 結論；決定；推論 短語：
come to the conclusion that... 所得結論是..., 斷定
draw a conclusion/conclusions得出結論，推斷
come to the conclusion that... 所得結論是..., 斷定
bring sth. To a speedy conclusion 使某事盡快結束
leap / jump to a conclusion冒然斷定， 過早下結論
in conclusion = lastly 最后,總之
eg: In conclusion I’ d like to say that you did it very well.
③ Contain包含…(在內); 包括(不可用進行時態(tài)); 抵制, 控制
This book contains a lot of notes. We should learn to contain ourselves.
辨析: include & contain:
include表示一個整體由幾個部分組成，側重包括者只是整體的一部分。include 是數(shù)量包含,組成各外在部分的包含。如坐車人中包含兩個小孩.我手里拿的錢包含我弟弟用的錢。
The bill includes tax and service．
contain指一個整體包括的內容，側重“內有”的意思, 側重包含的內容和成分。Contain 內含質量的"包含"，如水包含氫和氧，香煙內含尼古丁。還有容積容納數(shù)量也用contain，如教室能容納多少人，這瓶子能裝多少水等。
Try to avoid foods which contain a lot fat.
include的賓語總是整體中的部分數(shù)量或部分組成部分,而contain的賓語總是不涉及數(shù)量的內含元素,如有數(shù)量詞則往往是全部數(shù)量.
拓展:
including 可用作介詞,用在名詞和代詞之前; included為過去分詞,置于修飾的名詞和代詞之后。常以including 和included的形式出現(xiàn)在短語中。
我們這里一共有10 個人，包括3 個女孩。
There are ten of us here，including three girls.
…………………………, three girls included.
2.hire 的用法
1） hire vt. 雇用（某人）,（同）dismiss/take on, (反) dismiss/fire ;租借（東西）＝rent
3）n雇傭，租用，租金
特別注意區(qū)別：hire ；employ；rent；appoint
We intend to___D______ the hall for a week.
A. employ B .rent C. appoint D. hire
3.set sth. down 寫下來
eg: Why don’t you set your idea down on paper?
set sb. down 停車讓人下車
eg: The bus stopped to set down an old lady.
I’ll set you down on the corner of the street.
set about sth./doing sth.做手某事/做某事＝set out to do開始干
set off 出發(fā)
set aside 不理會；擱置；存儲＝put away
set foot in/on 踏上
set fire to sth./set sth on fire 防火燒掉…
set up 成立；建造
be set in 以…為背景
4. keep /lose track of…=keep in/lose touch with 與…保持/失去接觸
be on sb’s track/be on the track of sb.=be after sb.追蹤某人
make tracks for…＝go towards 走向
in one’s tracks =there and then當場，立刻
eg: It’s hard to keep track of all one’s old school friends.
lose track of time 說不準現(xiàn)在的確切時間
5. live to be 活到 不定式 to be 作結果狀語
她活到了八十歲。She lived to be 80.
吃為了活著，但不要為了吃而活著。Eat to live, but don’t live to eat.
類似結構：prove /turn to be…證明是；結果是
6. balance 天平
eg: Have you brought something to weigh the flesh? A balance?
平衡 eg: keep the balance of nature
keep/lose one’s balance 諧調，勻稱
eg: All the parts of the building are in perfect balance. 余額
eg: I must check my bank balance. v. 使……保持平衡
eg: How long can you balance on one foot? 結算
eg: balance an account / one’s books 結帳 等價，抵消
eg: This year’s profits will balance our previous losses.
7.with an area of…擁有…面積
8. stand out明顯；醒目
突出；杰出 ; 堅持；支撐eg: to stand out a crisis挨過危機
Stand still ! 站住，不許動！stand by 在場；靠近; 袖手旁觀
（無線 電臺或軍事方面）待命，準備行動 ; 試圖援助；極力支持 忠于；信守
eg: to stand by one's promise
遵守諾言 stand down退出競選;離開證人席
stand for代表，表示；意指； 容忍；允許
stand in當替身；代替 stand up耐久；耐用; 成立
eg: Will the charge stand up in court?
這個指控在法庭上能成立嗎？
stand up for維護；擁護；支持
9.as conj.雖然，引導讓步狀語從句時，必須倒裝表語名詞（若為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)必須省去a/an）或形容詞﹑副詞狀語或動詞原形。此時用though 也可以，但though引導的從句可以倒裝也可以不倒裝。
Child as/though he is, he knows a lot.
Young as/though he is ,he can do it well.
Much as /though I like the book, I won’t buy it.
Try as /thoughhe may , he won’t succeed.他或許會嘗試，但不會成功。
The air was cold, bright as the sun was.
_________, I have never senn anyone who’s as capable as John.
A.As long as I have traveled B.Now that I have traveled so mucu
C. Much as I have traveled D.As I have traveled so much
10. fade的用法
補：vi. 從視覺﹑聽覺或記憶中漸漸消失
歡呼聲在遠方漸漸消失。
The sound of the cheering faded away in the distance. （＝died away）
夜幕降臨時，海岸線消失在黑暗中。
As evening came, the coastline faded into darkness. (=disappeared)
Their hopes faded. (=disappeared)
她永遠忘不了她的兒子。
The memory of her son will never fade from her mind.
11.next to
1) 在……旁邊He lives next to me.
2) 跟在……之后 Next to skiing her favorite sport was ice-hockey.
我最喜歡的運動是滑雪，其次是冰球。
3） 幾乎，近于next to impossible 幾乎不可能
next to last 倒數(shù)第二
12. diagnose sb. with a disease 診斷某人患了某種疾病
be diagnosed. with a disease 被診斷患了某種疾病
13. go on with; go on to do; go on doing; continue with sth.; continue doing(to do) sth. 的用法
14.record vt.記錄，錄制 n 記錄；唱片（注意讀音）
keep a record 保持記錄
set a new record 創(chuàng)新記錄
break/beat a record 打破記錄
make a new record 刷新記錄
keep a record of 保存…的記載
make e record 錄制/制作唱片
15. in a row 連續(xù)，一連串；排成一排地 in rows 成行， 成排
eg: China women volleyball team won five champions in a row in the 1980s.
They planted the trees in rows.
16..in the first place首先, 第一點(用于列舉理由等時)＝firstly；原先，本來
in the last place最后
in the next place其次, 第二點
in places在某些地方, 有幾處in one’s place
in place of代替, 用...而不用…in place 在適當?shù)奈恢?/p>
I won,t go out today. In the first place I am tired; in the next place I have so much work to do.
17. enterain 的用法.注意當“款待”時的用法＝treat sb to sth./serve sb with
18.make for 可造成；可成為；有好處，有助于＝contribute to
大字排版使閱讀輕松些。The large print makes for easier reading.
早起有利于健康嗎？Does early rising make for good health?
文化交流有助于相互了解。Cultural exchanges makes for mutual understanding.
19.attempt的用法
Mary has been preparing carefully for the English examination, so that she can be sure of passing it at her first_______. A. request B. attempt C. promise D. purpose
(…以便于第一次嘗試九能通過)
A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.
A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted
(一個涉嫌參與昨天夜里謀殺的人正在接受審訊.)
20.apply for 的用法
1) vi. apply( to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申請某物 apply to do sth. 申請干某事
2)vt. 應用；運用
4)apply oneself to stn../doing sth.=devote oneself to sth./doing sth. 專心從事/埋頭于…
注意：application n.u 申請，請求，n.c 申請書
applicant n.c 申請人
applicable adj.使用的，合適的
21.inspect vt
22. confirm vt.
23.result vi.; n.動詞的用法：result in…=lead to/cause/bring aout 導致
result from…=be caused by起因于…；由…導致/造成的
他的粗心造成了失敗。His carelessness resulted in failure.
失敗是由他的粗心導致的。Failure resulted from his carelessness.
As a result of /Because of /On account of /Owing to /Due to
He was late due to thick fog
Language Study
1.be fascinated by 被…迷住
be fascinated with迷上…
2.burst into +n. =burst into +doing 突然而猛烈地發(fā)出或產(chǎn)生某物
突然喝彩/大笑/大哭/尖叫burst into cheers/laughter/tears/screams
=burst out cheering/laughing/crying/screaming突然歡呼起來 /哈哈大笑。
Period 4 Integrating skills
Step 1.Scanning
1. How did many teenagers discover the skatebord?
2. Does the skatebord belong to an extreme sport or regular sport?
Step 2 Read the passage and answer the questions on page 1.
Step 3 More words to describe people
Enthusiastic curious experienced cautious
Brave delighted interested outgoing wise
skillful friendly energetic responsible kind
athletic powerful all/ thin/slim/ a broad face, / wide eyes/ short， beautiful/pretty/ lovely/
handsome/naughty /healthy/foolish/stupid /silly/clever /smart/wise /bright/ diligent
/intelligent/lazy /hard working man ,
He is …meters high/tall/in height
good-looking funny-looking strong-looking ugly-looking dirty-looking ordinary-looking
blue-eyed white-eyed warm- hearted
light-hearted kind-hearted absent- minded
be in good or poor condition strong-tempered
bad-tempered near-sighted far-sighted
Step 4 Language points
1. head vi. 前往；朝向
head down to 開往；前往；朝向
更常用 head for
When I saw the car heading for me, I stepped aside.
Clouds are gathering. I think we’d better head for the hotel in case it starts to rain.
2. a dozen of 一打， 十二個 a dozen (of) eggs但 a dozen of those apples
a dozen of them 二十四 two dozen (of)
三十六 three dozen (of) eg: I’ve bought a dozen of pencils for my son.
I want four dozen (of) eggs.
dozens of 許多several / a few / some dozens of
by the dozen 按打，以打計算 in dozens 成打地
3. Skillful adj.靈巧的，熟練的 Skilled 熟練的，有技能的
Be skillful at /in =be skilled in/at
善于繪畫 Be skillful at painting 熟練的工人 A skilled worker
技術性工作Skilled work
4. permit V. permission n.
with /without one’s permission
Permit sb. to do sth.
Permit doing
He was permitted outside after finishing his homework.
A. play B.playing C. to play D. plays
5.have been around 遍布全球（各地）；深入人心
6. familiar
be familiar with sth. 某人對…熟悉/通曉
sb. be familiar with sb. 與某人過分親熱
sth. be familiar to sb. 為某人所熟悉
familiarity n. 熟悉，親密
（1）Han Hong 為 所熟悉young fans.
（2）.He通曉music.
7.A new generation of sports is capturing the hearts and minds of people who are willing to try something new.
新一代的體育運動占據(jù)了想嘗試新鮮事物的人們的所有心思。
capture: vt. 捕獲；占領；贏得
我們的任務是活捉許多猴子。
e.g 1 Our task was to capture a number of these monkeys alive.
他以7.51米的成績取得了男子跳遠的第一名
2.He captured first place in the men’s broad jump with a leap of 7.51 meters. 。
8.center v.
~ on /upon 將…當作中心或重點; 集中于
他們的談話總是圍繞著政治。
Their talks always center on politics.
The discussion centers on the most important questions.
~ sth. on /upon 將某物集中在…上/集中于….
concentrate vt.
集中
集中(思想/注意力…) 于…
~ (thought/attention…) on/upon…
我們必須把注意力集中在效率上。
We must ~ our attention on efficiency/studies..
concentrate on/upon全神貫注;專心致志于；全力以赴；專心
她不能長時間專心讀一本書。
She couldn't concentrate on a book very long.
n. concentration camp 集中營
There is too much noise outside, I can not _____my attention on my work.
A. fill B. connect
C. flat D. concentrate
9.delight n.1) 欣喜,愉快 [U]＝joy 令…高興的是
to one’s delight
興高采烈/高興地 with delight以…為樂 take/find delight in
2) 樂事,樂趣[C]
他喜歡紐約夜生活的樂趣。
He enjoyed the delights of New York's night life.
vt. 使高興；使愉快=please
小丑逗樂了觀眾。
The clown ~ed the audience.
你回來了,我很高興。
I'm delighted that you are back.
我們很高興拜讀你的小說。
We were delighted to read your novel.
be delighted by/with sth. 因…而高興
10.register
1) vt.登記,注冊,申報; (儀表等)標示,;記錄=read
他去市政廳為他兒子作出生登記。
He went to the city hall to register the birth of his son.
溫度計顯示七十度。
The thermometer registered 70 degrees.
2) vi.登記,注冊
我在靠近火車站的一家旅館登記住宿。
I registered at a hotel near the train station.
Unit 1
1.in a soccer career 在足球生涯中
2.settle an argument about 確定關于…的論點
3.be sent into 被收入
4.set down 登記；記載；寫下
5.keep track 與…保持接觸；跟…的進程或發(fā)展
6.be put into 被放入…；翻譯成…
7.stand out 顯著；杰出
8.be diagnosed with cancer 被診斷出患了癌癥
9.in the first place （用與列舉理由等時）首先；第一；原先
10.make for 可造成；可譯成；有好處；走向
11.apply for 申請；請求
12.head down to 開往；前往；朝向
13.have been around 遍布全球（各地）；深入人心
14.burst into something 突然而猛烈地發(fā)出或產(chǎn)生某事物
15.centre on /upon 將某人或某事物當作中心或重點
16.concentrate on 專心致力于
語法透析
最高級
(1) “the + 最高級” 表示“最…”，一般表示三者或以上相比，這種句式一般常有表示比較范圍的介詞短語。
(2) 最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much, by far, not quite等修飾。如：
This hat is by far/ much / not quite the biggest.
How much did the second most expensive but cost?
(3) 表示“最高程度”的形容詞，如excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite, dead等，沒有最高級，也沒有比較級。