高中英語應(yīng)試輔導(dǎo)篇：完形填空解題技巧
完形填空(cloze test)一直是英語各類考試的主要題型之一, 它著重考查考生的閱讀理解、邏輯思維和英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用的能力。它的題型特點(diǎn)是: 在一篇英語短文中挖取一定數(shù)量的文字內(nèi)容而設(shè)置成選項(xiàng),要求考生根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從每一題后所提供的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)符合短文內(nèi)容的最佳答案。一般情況下,在短文的首句和尾句不設(shè)選項(xiàng),每兩個(gè)空格之間通常平均保持5個(gè)單詞左右或更多的單詞以便保持行文的語言結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯的完整性。
完形填空短文的體裁通常以記敘文為多,說明文或議論文也可能被設(shè)置成完形填空。要解答好完形填空題,通常要通過以下幾個(gè)步驟來解題:
一、通覽全文
要出色地完成一篇完形填空,對(duì)于考生來說通覽全文非常重要。通覽全文,考生才能正確理解短文的主旨大意,了解短文主要的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果等以及變化,了解短文行文的上下文之間的邏輯思維關(guān)系等,為下一步解題作好充分準(zhǔn)備。
二、審題解題
仔細(xì)閱讀題干內(nèi)容及相關(guān)的選項(xiàng),正確理解題干的意思,分析題干中的詞語含義、詞語用法、習(xí)慣搭配、句型特點(diǎn)、語法規(guī)則,然后從題后的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最適合題干的一個(gè)答案。
三、復(fù)讀檢查
完形填空全部做好后,考生務(wù)必要結(jié)合自己的選擇答案重新閱讀短文內(nèi)容,檢查一下應(yīng)試前后兩次的理解是否一致,檢查一下自己的每一個(gè)答案是否符合短文的內(nèi)容和邏輯思維,并修改所發(fā)現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤.
對(duì)于完形填空中難度較大的題項(xiàng),可以采用下面解題技巧和方法來解答:
1.根據(jù)上下文語境來選擇答案
完形填空中較大一部分的考查項(xiàng)都要根據(jù)上下文語境來分析選項(xiàng).一般來說,僅從語法結(jié)構(gòu)往往A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都正確,這時(shí)候考生就必須認(rèn)真分析上下文甚至全文,通過對(duì)A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞義比較,選擇一個(gè)最佳答案.
2.根據(jù)全文的邏輯推理判斷選擇答案
完形填空中有一些考查項(xiàng)需要根據(jù)全文的邏輯思維進(jìn)行推理判斷才能選出正確答案.考生要想解答好這樣的題目,就必須把握短文的整體結(jié)構(gòu),了解短文主要的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、事件、原因、結(jié)果等及其變化,了解短文行文的上下文之間的邏輯思維關(guān)系,從而作出合理的邏輯推理和正確判斷.
3.通過文章的深層含義進(jìn)行選擇
這種考查項(xiàng)可以說是完形填空中難度最大的一種,它要求考生能夠駕馭全文,不僅對(duì)文章的字面意義(表層意義)要正確理解,把握全局,還要領(lǐng)會(huì)其深層含義,了解隱含線索的變化,作出正確的選擇.
4.根據(jù)常識(shí)選擇答案
這類題型在完形填空中所占的比例很小,考生要做好這類題目需要有相關(guān)的生活常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn),了解一定的文化差異、地域風(fēng)土人情、科普知識(shí)等.
考考你:通讀下面短文,理解其大意,然后從短文后每題所提供的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)可以填入空白處的最佳答案.
If you do not use your arms or your legs for some time, they become weak. When you __1__ using them again, they __2__ become strong again. Everybody knows this and nobody would think of __3__ this fact. __4__ there are many people who do not __5__ to know that memory works in the __6__ way.
__7__ someone says that he has a good memory, he __8__ means that he __9__ his memory by practising exercising it. When someone __10__ says that his memory is poor, he actually means that he __11__ give it enough chances to become __12__. Have you ever __13__ that people who cannot read or write usually have __14__ memories than those who can? This is __15__ those who __16__ read or write __17__ remember things. They have to remember dates, places, names, songs and stories. So their memory is the whole time __18__ .So __19__ you want to have a good memory, you should learn from those people, __20__ by remembering what you see, hear, feel and write. If so, you must have a good memory.
1. A. begin B. go on C. stop D. continue
2. A. quickly B. slowly C. soon D. at once
3. A. doing B. agreeing C. questioning D. answering
4. A. Yet B. Still C. So D. Certainly
5. A. want B. seem C. get D. hope
6. A. other B. usual C. same D. opposite
7. A. As B. What C. While D. When
8. A. real B. actually C. true D. then
9. A. wants B. builds up C. makes D. keeps
10.A. again B. else C. more D. once
11.A.do not B. is not C. never D. does not
12.A.poor B. weak C. strong D. healthy
13.A.seen B. heard of C. noticed D. thought of
14.A.worse B. better C. more D. less
15.A.why B. how C. because D. the reason
16.A.used to B. cannot C. try to D. have to
17.A.will not B. have to C. refuse D. cannot
18.A.ready B. being used C. busy D. training
19.A.if B. that C. though D. thus
20.A.please B. try C. train D. enjoy
答案與解析:
1.A.根據(jù)句中有副詞again進(jìn)行推斷,此處應(yīng)該用begin(doing)表示"重新開始做某事".
2.B.身體、健康、記憶由弱到強(qiáng)的變化過程比較緩慢.
3.C.此處question是一個(gè)動(dòng)詞,表示"對(duì)某事物提出疑問/質(zhì)疑".
4.A.表示轉(zhuǎn)折語義.
5.B.seem to do/be"似乎,好像是".
6.C.in the same way"以同樣的方式",說明人的記憶力與身體變化一樣,都是由弱到強(qiáng)這樣一個(gè)緩慢變化過程.
7.D.When引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句.
8.B.actually=really"實(shí)際上,事實(shí)上".
9.D.
10.B.else常與不定代詞someone, somebody, something; anyone, anybody, anything; everyone, everybody, everything; no one, nobody, nothing以及疑問詞what, who, whose, whom, which, where, when, how等連用.
11.D.
12.C.poor與strong構(gòu)成對(duì)比.
13.C.表示"注意到,留意到".
14.B.句中better memories=stronger memories.
15.C.構(gòu)成句式"This is because+從句",用來交代前面情況的原因.
16.B.根據(jù)上句中有"people who cannot read or write usually have better memories than..."可以推知.
17.B.
18.B.為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式.
19.A.引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句.
20.C.說明好的記憶力需要經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練.
[實(shí)踐演練]
It was a normal summer night. humidity(潮濕) hung in the thick air. The only sound was my sister's heavy __1__ from the bed next to me.
I couldn't go to __2__, partly because of my cold and partly because of my __3__ for the next day. My mum had said that tomorrow was going to be a __4__.
Sweat stuck to my aching body. Finally, I gathered enough __5__ to sit up. I looked out of my small window into the night. There was a big bright __6__ hanging in the sky, giving off a magic glow.
My sister turned over as though she was as light as air. Why could she sleep soundly? Why wasn't she __7__ too? Did she know about tomorrow?
I couldn't stand the __8__ anymore, so I did what I always do to make myself feel better. I went to the __9__ and picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste. Pouring the red paste onto the brush, I cleaned back and forth, up and down.
Then I walked downstairs to look for some __10__ of movement, some life. Gladiator, my cat, __11__ me as he meowed(貓叫)his sad song. He was on the old orange couch, __12__ on his front legs, waiting for something to happen. He looked at me as if to say, " I'm __13__ , pet me. I need a good hug." Even the couch begged me to sit on it.
In one movement I settled down onto the soft couch. This couch __14__ my birth, my parents' marriage, and hundreds of other little __15__.
As I held Gladiator, my heart started beating heavily. My mind
was __16__ with questions: What's life? Am I really alive? Are you listening to me? Every time I moved my hand down Gladiator's body, I had a __17__ thought; each touch sang a different song.
I forgot all about the __18__ and the next day's surprise. The __19__ was so full of warmth and silence that I sank into its arms. Falling asleep with the big cat in my arms, I felt all my worries __20__ move away.
1.A. murmuring B. breathing C. crying D. thinking
2.A. sleep B. work C. study D. rest
3.A. worries B. plans C. arrangements D. expectations
4.A. surprise B. hope C. success D. failure
5.A. energy B. ideas C. strength D. stamps
6.A. cloud B. star C. sun D. moon
7.A. worrying B. sweating C. sleeping D. speaking
8.A. silence B. cold C. pressure D. pain
9.A. bedroom B. kitchen C. bathroom D. waiting-room
10.A. sights B. signs C. signals D. notices
11.A. interested B. pleased C. reminded D. frightened
12.A. standing up B. keeping up C. sitting down D. sitting up
13.A. lonely B. lovely C. friendly D. lively
14.A. proved B. represented C. helped D. attended
15.A. people B. animals C. events D. pets
16.A. flooded B. troubled C. satisfied D. knocked
17.A. strange B. difficult C. new D. noble
18.A. cold B. mind C. time D. heat
19.A. family B. atmosphere C. heart D. bed
20.A. completely B. slowly C. suddenly D. partly
Key: 1-5 BADAC 6-10 DBCCB 11-15 DDABC 16-20 ACDBB