知識(shí)精講(一)
1．The teacher is a very enthusiastic woman called Ms. Shen.
這個(gè)非常熱情的女老師是沈老師。
called Ms. Shen 是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的詞之間存在著邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句who/that was called Ms. Shen。 如：
We visited the new library built three weeks ago.
我們參觀了三周前建成的圖書(shū)館。
The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 18th century.
最早為外語(yǔ)教學(xué)而寫(xiě)的英語(yǔ)課本出現(xiàn)在十八世紀(jì)。
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
被邀請(qǐng)來(lái)參加聚會(huì)的大多是南非藝術(shù)家。
2．And we have fun. I don't think I will be bored in Ms. Shen's class!
我們上課上得很開(kāi)心，我認(rèn)為我不會(huì)對(duì)沈老師的課厭煩的。
（1）have (great) fun 玩得開(kāi)心
=have (a lot of) fun
= have a wonderful time
=enjoy oneself 如：
The children were having a lot of fun with the building blocks.
孩子們玩搭積木玩得很開(kāi)心。
You're sure to have some fun tonight.
今晚你一定會(huì)玩得很開(kāi)心。
They had a lot of fun chatting on the net.
他們?cè)诰W(wǎng)上聊天聊得很開(kāi)心。
fun/,是不可數(shù)名詞，常用于be fun 結(jié)構(gòu)中，相當(dāng)于interesting。如
Seeing monkeys in the zoo is great fun.
在公園看猴子非常有趣。
What fun it is to play a game after work!
工作之余活動(dòng)一下多么有趣！
注: 此處的what fun不能用how funny代替，因?yàn)?funny"是“滑稽的，好笑的”的意思。
［拓展］for fun=in fun 開(kāi)玩笑地
make fun of 嘲笑，取笑。如
I'm not saying such a serious thing for fun.
我說(shuō)如此嚴(yán)肅的事情絕不是開(kāi)玩笑。
It's bad manners to make fun of the blind.
取笑盲人是不禮貌的。
（2） 我們要注意本句英漢表達(dá)的區(qū)別。英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞，如think, believe, expect, suppose, feel, guess, imagine 等，當(dāng)它們后面接一個(gè)具有否定意義的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常要把主句的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ剑e語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。這種現(xiàn)象稱為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。如：
We don't think there is anything interesting in your pictures.
我們認(rèn)為你的畫(huà)并沒(méi)有什么有趣的地方。
I don't believe what he said is true.我認(rèn)為他說(shuō)的不是真話。
I don't suppose they will object to my suggestion.
我想他們不會(huì)反對(duì)我的建議。
He didn't imagine that she would go abroad.
他料想她不會(huì)出國(guó)了。
I don't feel the food can last us through the winter.
我認(rèn)為這食物是不夠我們過(guò)冬的。
注：在反意疑問(wèn)句中，若陳述部分是第一人稱，think等詞用一般現(xiàn)在進(jìn)，則疑部部分需與從句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致，否則要與主句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)保持一致。如：
I don't think it's going to rain tomorrow, is it?
我認(rèn)為明不會(huì)下雨，對(duì)嗎？
You don't think I have made mistakes, do you?
你并不認(rèn)為我犯了什么錯(cuò)誤，是嗎？
（3）辨析: boring/bored 詞均為形容詞，但有區(qū)別
boring 意為“令人厭煩的、令人討厭的”，常指事情的性質(zhì)，指人時(shí)，意為“煩人”。
bored 意為“厭倦、討厭”，主語(yǔ)常為人，指人具有的感受。
be bored to death/d厭煩的要死
be bored with 對(duì)……厭煩，厭倦
I found the book rather boring. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)這本書(shū)真令人討厭。
Those relations of his are boring people.
他的那些親戚們真煩人。
I was never bored with his stories. 他講的故事我怎么聽(tīng)也不厭煩。
I'm getting bored and homesick, 我感到厭倦了，想家了。
知識(shí)精講(二)
1.In other words, there are three times as many girls as boys.
換句話說(shuō)，女孩是男孩的三倍。
（1）in other words 意為“換句話”，在句中用作插入成分。如：
In other words, she must give up singing.
換言之，她必需放棄唱歌。
I'm not used to the way you speak to me. In other words, I don't want to continue our conversations.
我不習(xí)慣于你對(duì)我談話的方式。換句話講，我不想繼續(xù)我們的談話了。
Beethoven wrote many world-famous musical compositions. In other words, he was a great musician.
貝多芬寫(xiě)過(guò)許多世界著名樂(lè)曲。換句話講，他是一位偉大的音樂(lè)家。
①A + be+倍數(shù) +as+ adj. +as+B
Asia is four times as large as Europe.
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
②A+be+倍數(shù)+ 比較級(jí)+than+B
Asia is three times larger than Europe.
亞洲比歐洲大三倍。
③A+be+倍數(shù)+the size/length/height/depth/width+ of+ B
Asia is four times the size of Europe.
亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。
注: time 表示倍數(shù)，一般只限于表示基數(shù)詞在內(nèi)的三倍或三倍以上，若表示兩倍可用副詞twice 或形容詞double。 time 表示的倍數(shù)也可以用分?jǐn)?shù)，百分?jǐn)?shù)或某些表程度的副詞替換。
The street is twice the length of that one.
這條街是那條街的兩倍長(zhǎng)。
Ten is double five.十是五的二倍。
This pencil is a quarter as long as that one.
這枝鉛筆是那枝的四分之一長(zhǎng)。
Our room is 60％ the size of theirs. 我們房間的面積是他們房間面積的60%。
知識(shí)精講(三)
1.I'm looking forward to doing it！我非常渴望去做。
look forward to sth./doing sth. 意思是“期待著某事/做某事”，其中“to”是介詞。
I look forward to hearing from you as early as possible.
我期待著早日收到你的來(lái)信。
Boys and girls are looking forward to Children's Day.
孩子們期盼著兒童節(jié)的來(lái)臨。
I'm looking forward to his return just as much as he himself seeing me.
我期待他的歸來(lái)同他盼望見(jiàn)到我的心懷一樣強(qiáng)烈。
［鏈接］動(dòng)詞＋介詞to構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)有：
look forward to 盼望…… turn to 求助于；轉(zhuǎn)向；翻到……
pay attention to 注意…… stick to 堅(jiān)持
get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真干…… object to 反對(duì)
belong to 屬于 refer to 談到，涉及，參閱
point to 指向 see to 處理，料理
come to 共計(jì)；蘇醒 reply to 答復(fù)
agree to 同意 add to 增加
devote…to… 貢獻(xiàn)……給…… compare…to…把……比作……
2.And what do you think of? 你認(rèn)為……怎么樣？
（1）What do you think of…? How do you find…? How do you like…? What be…like? 都用于詢句對(duì)方對(duì)某人或某事物的評(píng)價(jià)與看法，意思是“你覺(jué)得……怎么樣？”“你認(rèn)為……如何？”如：
How do you find the speech by Mr. Johnson?
你覺(jué)得約翰遜先生的演講怎么樣？
-What do you think of the film? 你覺(jué)得這場(chǎng)電影怎么樣？
-Very disappointing.
非常令人失望。
（2）What be…like? 表達(dá)“……怎么樣？”，用于對(duì)人和事物的性質(zhì)，尤其是對(duì)持久特性的提問(wèn)。也可以像 How do you like…? How do you find…? What do you think of…? 一樣，詢問(wèn)人們對(duì)所經(jīng)歷的人、事有什么反應(yīng)。How…?一般可和 What be…like? 通用，但詢問(wèn)變化的情況，暫時(shí)的情緒等。
What was the weather like in Beijing yesterday? (= How was the weather in Beijing yesterday?)
北京昨天的天氣如何？
-What are Brown's family like?
布朗的家人如何？
-Oh, they are all kind and gentle.
啊，他們都很友好和藹。
What's the educational system like in your country? (此時(shí)不宜用How…代替。)
貴國(guó)的教育制度怎樣？
注:How much do you like…? 你有多么喜歡……?用來(lái)詢問(wèn)對(duì)方喜歡某人或某物的程度。回答時(shí)可用Very much. (非常喜歡) What do/does…like…?……喜歡什么？用來(lái)提問(wèn)主語(yǔ)喜歡的人或事物。以上句型不能混淆。
知識(shí)精講(四)
1.Secondary school in the U.S. usually covers seven years, grades six to twelve.
美國(guó)的中學(xué)有七年，從六年級(jí)到十二年級(jí)。
cover 此處意為“包含”=include。 cover 是個(gè)多義詞。下面來(lái)看一下它的用法。
cover vt.
（1）用東西覆蓋、遮蓋，常與with搭配。如：
She covered her face with her hands. 她以手掩面。
The mother covered the baby with a blanket.
用毛毯蓋著她的嬰兒。
（2）行走一段距離，通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如：
The Red Army covered 25 000 li on the Long March.
紅軍長(zhǎng)征時(shí)走了兩萬(wàn)五千里。
She covered 1 000 metres in less than 4 minutes.
她在不足四分鐘內(nèi)跑完了1 000米。
（3）看完若干頁(yè)書(shū)。如：
How many pages have you covered? 你已讀了多少頁(yè)書(shū)？
（4）新聞?dòng)浾叩牟稍L、報(bào)道。如：
Many journalists were sent to cover the medical conference.
許多記者被派去采訪醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)議。
He used to be sent to cover the battles during the war.
他曾經(jīng)被派去做戰(zhàn)地采訪。
（5）談到、涉及，相當(dāng)于 deal with, include。 如：
The discussion covered a wide range of subjects.
這次討論涉及內(nèi)容廣泛。
What are the chief points you are to cover in your talk?
你的報(bào)告主要有哪些內(nèi)容。
（6）占地多少，面積多大。如：
Our orchards cover 1 000 mu. 我們的果園有1 000 畝面積。
China stretches across a vast area covering the cold, temperate and tropical zones.
中國(guó)幅員遼闊，包括了寒帶、溫帶和熱帶。
（7）掩護(hù)、保護(hù)、庇護(hù)。如：
Their planes covered their tanks which were attacking the enemy.
他們的飛機(jī)掩護(hù)他們的坦克向敵人進(jìn)玫。
知識(shí)精講(五)
1.The school year is divided into two semesters, the first of which is September through December, and the second is January through May.
一學(xué)年有兩個(gè)學(xué)期，第一學(xué)期從九月到十二月，第二學(xué)期從一月到五月。
（1）be divided into “把……分成……”。如:
Our class is divided into four groups. 我們班分成四組。
America is divided into over 30 stales. 美國(guó)分成50多個(gè)州。
（2）the first of which…是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 semesters. 如：
We live in a house, in front of which is a small river.