聽說學案
編制人：樂龍飛
I. Speaking
Task 1 Who are they?
Work in pairs and guess who they are and what they are famous for.
Name Nationality Contributions
Thomas Alva Edison
Marie Curie
Charles Darwin
Albert Einstein
Galileo Galilei
Benjamin Franklin
Isaac Newton
Others: _________
Task 2 Do you want to be a scientist?
1. Read the quotes on page 1 and do Q1.
2. Work in groups. Debate which branch of science is the most important and useful to society. Ask the students to form the groups according to the topic they choose and one of the students is required to give their opinion.
Biology Maths Chemistry Physics Computer science
Biologist
I think that biology is the most important and useful science because
① __________________________________________________________________________
② __________________________________________________________________________
③ __________________________________________________________________________
④ __________________________________________________________________________
Try to use some expressions on page 2 properly.
II. Listening scripts
1．This woman is one of the greatest scientists of all times. Even her name tells you that she likes science: a good scientist should want to find out answers and ask many questions --- in other words they should be curious. This woman was certainly curious. Together with her husband, she tried to learn the secret of radioactivity. The couple were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. Eight years later, she received a second Nobel Prize, this time for chemistry.
2. It is said that this English gentleman was sitting in his garden one day when suddenly he was hit by a falling apple. The story is probably not true, but this man did mention that he got one of his best known ideas while watching apples fall from a tree. His name makes you think that he was not interested in old things. He discovered the force of gravity, and he drew up a system of how objects move. His laws for motion are still used in physics today, at least in schools and universities.
3. Food is what sets this great mind on fire. Rice, to be exact. This great mind has spent most of his life looking for ways to help farmers grow more rice so that all of us will have enough food to eat. He is known as the father of modern rice, but because of his long friendship with farmers in China, he would rather be known as “the farmer”.
5. Cloze text
Stephen Hawking is probably the most famous scientist 1 today and is 2 regarded as one of the most talented physicists in history.
Chinese translations of his book, A brief History of Time, has been 3 best-sellers, so it was with greatest admiration 4 he was welcomed to Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang Province, earlier this week.
He is in China to 5 the opening of a state-of-the-art mathematics institute at Zhejiang University, 6 he has been made an honorary professor. He also attend an international 7 conference in the city and spoke 8 his most recent research.
A Brief History of Time explores questions 9 : “Where do we come from?” and “How did the university begin?”
He was born 10 January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, and 11 studied physics at Oxford University. He went on to 12 a physics degree in cosmology (宇宙學) at Cambridge University 13 he took the 14 of Lucasian Professor of Mathematics. The same chair was 15 by Isaac Newton.
16 the age of 21, Hawking was diagnosed(診斷) with an incurable disease 17 the body to slowly waste away. His mind, 18 , was not 19 . Hawking has 12 honorary degrees and continues to combine research 20 an extensive program of public lectures.
1. A. living B. lively C. lovely D. alive
2. A. wide B. widely C. high D. highly
3. A. proved B. assured C. thought D. tested
4. A. that B. which C. when D. where
5. A. send B. attend C. raise D. take
6. A. when B. which C. where D. who
7. A. mathematics B. physics C. biology D. chemistry
8. A. off B. at C. on D. to
9. A. for example B. such as C. as such D. alike
10. A. in B. on C. at D. for
11. A. latter B. lately C. later D. late
12. A. accept B. get C. fetch D. reach
13. A. where B. who C. when D. which
14. A. table B. place C. post D. office
15. A. given B. seated C. held D. made
16. A. On B. In C. At D. For
17. A. making B. causing C. leading D. affecting
18. A. however B. or C. so D. therefore
19. A. effected B. affected C. affirmed D. afforded
20. A. in B. with C. on D. at
(Keys: DBDAB CBCBB CBACC CBABB)
III. Assignment
1. Read the listening scripts and the new words of Unit 1.
2. Translate the following.
undertake _undertook _ __undertaken___ seek _____sought_____ _____sought______
dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt scan scanned scanned
科學研究___scientific research_________ 工農業__ agriculture and industry ________
success v._ succeed__ adj. __ successful__ 畢業 n. _graduation__ 畢業生_graduate ___
毫無疑問我們不能將時間浪費在玩電腦游戲上。(doubt)
There is no doubt that we shouldn't waste our time in playing computer games.
3. Refer to the dictionary and try to learn.
match 比賽 / 配稱/火 看一場勢均力敵的足球賽_watch a close match of football __
劃火柴_strike a match__ The hat is a good match for the coat.
4. Read the following quotes and translate.
① It is more valuable to seek truth than to possess it.
探索真理比占有真理更為可貴。--愛因斯坦
② To the scientific research, diligence is the mother of success.
對搞科學的人來說，勤奮就是成功之母。--茅以升
③ Death for the homeland is heavier than Mount Tai.
為國家效死，死重于泰山。--孫中山
④Whoever wants to have some achievements in the world has to taste life's sorrows and joys, which is the only road he can go.
酸甜苦辣全得嘗一嘗，無論是誰，要打算在世界上有點成就總得打這兒過。-馬克 吐溫
⑤ Nothing in the world is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上無難事，只怕有心人。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
Genius is diligence. 天才在于勤奮。 Knowledge is power. 知識就是力量 。
閱讀學案（1）
編制人：樂龍飛
I. Reading comprehension
Step 1 Fast reading
Q1: Why did Stephen Hawking need a PhD?
____Because he wanted to marry a nice girl._______________
Q2: When did Hawking become famous?
In the early 1970s._______________________________
Q3: When did Hawking visit Beijing?
____In 2002.________________________________________
Step 2 Careful reading
1. According to the 1st paragraph, a promising graduate student _______C___________
A. has an incurable disease which makes people disabled
B. is a man who never gives up his dreams and hopes for the future
C. is very likely to be successful or very good in the future
D. learns at one of the well-known universities in the world
2. The incurable disease mentioned in the text made Stephen Hawking _______B_________.
A. stop working on a PhD B. lose the ability to walk and talk
C. get engaged to a nice girl D. give up the way of life he had dreamed of
3. ________C_______ made Stephen Hawking well-known in the world.
A. The research on the incurable disease B. His book A Brief History of Time
C. His new discoveries about the universe D. The lectures he gave all over the world
4. A Brief History of Time became a best-seller because ____D________.
A. it's about the Big Bang and black holes
B. it explains what it means to be a scientists and how science works
C. it includes answers to many questions about the universe
D. it was written in a way ordinary people could understand
5. According to Hawking, many people think that ________D__________
A. science is often misunderstood B. science is changing all the time
C. some science facts can be wrong D. true science facts always stay unchanged
6. The basic steps of the scientific method do NOT necessarily include ________A________.
A. getting a model with which to test the theory
B. building a theory about how things happen
C. observing something with care and attention
D. trying to test the theory in a practical way
Step 3 Fill in the form
Years What happened? Achievements or activities
21 years old He got an incurable disease and… A promising student…
In the early 1970s He became famous He made new discoveries about…
1988 He wrote a book called… His book became…and it explains…
2002 He came to China and…
II. Languages points
Part 1 Words and phrases
1. imagine sb to be 想象你自己又有錢又有名____imagine yourself to be rich and famous
imagination (n.) 一個富有想象力的學生 a student full of imagination ___________
I can't imagine Peter being caught cheating in the exam.我想象不到彼得考試中被逮到作弊
Who do you imagine ______C_____ to his birthday party?
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. to invite
除imagine外，下列動詞后接動詞ing的作賓語：admit, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid, escape, miss, delay, deny, enjoy, finish, excuse, mind, practise, suggest, resist, risk, understand, consider, favor, postpone, keep, fancy, defer, can't stand / bear/ have 等。
2. promise 許諾 Mother promised me to buy a bicycle. 媽媽答應我媽媽去買自行車。
promising = of great / high promise有前途的 make a promise 許諾
keep one's promise遵守諾言 break one's promise違背諾言
3. probably - possibly - maybe - perhaps
4. seek seek (for/ after) success seek one's fortune碰運氣
5. graduate 大多數畢業生____most graduates___ post-graduate 研究生
中學畢業以后 after graduating / graduation from middle school
6. turn out Everything turned out /proved (to be) all right. The factory can turn out 100 cars a day. 生產
7. in fact事實上= in actual fact / as a matter of fact / actually / in effect / in reality / in practice
8. 作講座___give lectures __ 在20世紀70年代早期____in the early 1970s___
預測未來的事情predict future events_ 根據天氣預報 according to the weather report 描述并向人們解釋他們所見到的一切describe and explain to the people what they have seen
堅持不懈地尋求有關宇宙本質問題的答案
continue seeking / to seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe___
Part 2 Sentences
1. There did not seem (to be) much point in working on my PhD - I did not expect to survive that long.攻讀博士學位對我沒有什么意義，我沒有期望活那么久。
①There seemed / happened / used to be a Children's Palace____（一個少年宮）here.
There lived / lies / stands an old fisherman by the sea. 海邊住著一個老漁夫。
山頂上坐落著一坐古廟。___There stands/lies an old temple at the top of the hill. _
②There' s ___no point____ （沒有用） in asking him to attend the meeting.
要點 key points 指出他作文的拼寫錯誤_point out the spelling mistakes in his composition
He was on the point of leaving the office ___when_ （填詞）the telephone rang.
③ Everything turned out better than (it had been) expected.一切比預料中好多了。
期望你今晚早點回來。You _are expected to came back early tonight .
2. But in order to / to get married, I needed a job....可是為了能結婚，我需要一份工作。
= I needed a job in order to / so as to / to get married.
__To get___ (get) up late, I turned off the clock before hand.
_ To be elected__ (elect) an advanced worker, the man had to win the majority of votes.
3. Instead of giving up, Hawking went on with his research, got his PhD and married Jane.
霍金沒有放棄，反而繼續他的研究，他獲得了博士博士學位并與簡結了婚。
①He has fallen ill, let me do it____ instead . / instead of him. （代替）
②give up smoking （戒煙） give up the idea (放棄想法)
give off 發出或放出液體、氣體、氣味 give an order for 下命令
give attention to重視、注意、關心 give birth to生出、生產、產生
give rise to引起、帶來、造成 give away泄露、暴露、送人、出賣
give up (doing ) sth放棄 give in (to)屈服
③go in for愛好 go through 看一遍；檢查
go with與…調和 go on繼續；發生；進行
go through with完成 go up上漲；上升；攀登
go after (a job, a prize)追求（職位） go against違反，違背
go out熄滅 go over走過去；仔細檢查；復習；審閱
go back to 返回；追溯到 go hungry/bad/wrong/mad/blind/deaf /short
go on with繼續 go all out (to do)全力（去做）
go round夠用，夠分配 go down on one's knees屈膝下脆
go down下去；（船）下沉；（飛機）墜落；（日、月）落下； 下降，降價
④ Choose the correct sentences
How long have you been married to him? ( R ) How long have you got married to him? ( )
How long have you been married with him? ( ) How long have you married him? ( )
Have you got married? (R) She hadn’t married for a month when his sister was kidnapped.(R)
4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamed of.
他也沒讓這種疾病阻止過他曾夢寐以求的那種生活。
① Neither you nor he __was___ present at yesterday’s medical conference.
___Were____ neither you nor he present at yesterday’s medical conference?
If you don't go to the cinema, nor / neither __will__ I.
②Nothing will stop / prevent him (from) going there. 什么也阻止不了他去那兒。
我們讓他侄女在學校門口一直等我們。We kept his niece _waiting_ for us at the school gate.
我們沒讓他侄女在學校門口等我們We kept his niece from waiting for us at the school gate.
③I have been dreaming of /about_ seeing you again so that I can get help from you with my English.
5. Readers were pleased and surprised to find that a scientist could write about his work in a way that ordinary people could understand.
讀者發現一位科學家能用普通人都能讀懂的方式介紹他的工作，他們感到高興和驚奇。
on the / one's way (back) home from school
在他下班回家的路上On his way back home after work
get in the way妨礙 lose one's way迷路 by way of London途經倫敦
on the way to becoming a college student快成為大學生 no way絕不；沒門
in this way 以這種方式 in no way 無論如何；不管怎樣
6. Hawking explains both (1) what it means to be a scientist and how science works.
Here is what Stephen Hawking thought.
Scientists, on the other hand, know that their job is never finished and that even the best
theory can (2) turn out to be wrong.
First, they carefully observe what they are interested in.
To explain what they have seen, they build a theory about the way (3) in which / that / x things happen and the causes and events.
(1) Fill in the blanks with the proper words
_What _she couldn't understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in it.
I doubt whether that is __what_ it really is.
They are talking about ____what _ it looked like in the past .
_What__ seems strange to us is the troublesome boy is getting on well with all his teachers.
There is no doubt __that __she thanked the class for the gift in her speech.
(2) turn up 出現，露面，調大（音量） turn against 背叛
turn away 把…打發走，轉過臉 turn back 往回走
turn down 調小，拒絕 turn…off 關掉（水源，煤氣，電燈等）
turn on 打開 turn out 結果是，生產
turn over 打翻，翻閱，移交 turn to 轉向，變成
turn in 上交 turn into 使變成
turn… upside down 把…顛倒 turn from side to side 把身體轉過來轉過去
in turn 依次 by turns 輪流
take turns 輪流 It's one's turn now. 現在輪到某人了。
(3)我不喜歡你與你母親談話的方式。
_I don’t like the way that/in which/-- you talked to your mother._
7. They are studying something that is too large or too difficult to observe directly.
當句中有easy / hard / difficult / cheap / expensive / heavy /light / fit /pleasant,不定式主動。
The teacher's lessons are not easily forgotten = are not easy to .
8. People who listen to Hawking's lecture sometimes find it (is) difficult to understand him....
聽霍金演講的人有時很難明白他的意思....
I think / feel / find / make / believe (that) it (is) + adj. for / of sb. to do sth.
我認為學生有必要按時完成作業。
①I think _it (is) quite necessary for the students to finish their homework_ on time.
②The teacher tried to make it clear to his students that _the students should finish their homework on time.
III.Assignment
一、 詞形變換：（用括號里的單詞的適當形式完成句子）
1． We were surprised to find he was a writer with rich _imagination __. (imagine)
2． His words aroused my _ curiosity _ (curious) about his past experiences.
3． The students felt greatly _inspired (inspiration) on seeing Chinese athletes winning Olympic gold medals.
4． After he _analyzed__ (analysis) the reading material carefully, he divided it into three parts.
5． The _representatives__ (represent) from the two companies had a heated argument on which side should take responsibility for the missing goods.
6． Compare Am. English with Br. English and summarize their _similarities (similar) and differences.
7． We should work hard and try to become a man useful to the _society__. (social)
8． _Scientific __ (science) discoveries are important to the development of history.
二、 完成句子：
1． They are twin brothers, but they ___have__ little __in __common__ in their hobbies.
2． ------ I’m sorry for having mistaken your ball pen.
------It’s not your fault. Your ball pen ___is___ __similar_ _____to_ mine.
3． There is no doubt _that___ he matches his job quite well.
三、 翻譯句子
1． 經過數十年的努力工作，他最終成功地研制出一種能夠節約能源的新型汽車。(succeed in doing)
After tens of years of hard work, he succeeded in developing a new kind of car which can save a lot of energy.
2． 遭受過多次的挫折之后，外界事物再也不能激起(arouse)他想功成名就的內心渴望了。(inner; outer)
He has suffered many defeats and now the outer things can no longer arouse his inner desire for glories and fames.
閱讀學案（2）
編制人：樂龍飛
I. Revision
1. Translate the following phrases
①. 前途無量的畢業生a promising graduate ②. 不可治愈的疾病_ an incurable disease__
③. 因果關系_ causes and effects ___ ④. 在20世紀70年代_ in the 1970s
⑤. 根據天氣預報 according to the weather forecast____________ __________
⑥. 繼續他的研究工作 continue/go on with his research work
⑦. 和一個可愛的女孩訂婚____get engaged to a nice girl _______________________ ____
⑧. 尋求關于宇宙本質的答案__seek answers to questions about the nature of the universe_
⑨. 對未來的憧憬與期望__ dreams and hopes for the future._
⑩. 阻礙了他過上他所夢想的生活_stop/keep/prevent him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt of.
2. Multiple choices
⑴ The way __B___ he did the experiment wasn’t the way ____I had told him the day before.
A. which; in which B. in which; which C. which; that D. that; in which
⑵ Go on ___A___ the other exercise after you have finished this one.
A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
⑶ It was about 600 years ago ___A____ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.
A. that B. until C. before D. when
⑷ It was not ___B____ she took off her glasses ________ I realized she was a famous film star.
A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when; then
II. Reading comprehension
Read the passage and try to fill in the form below:
Scientists Nationality Achievements
Hawking British He made new discoveries about the Big Bang and…
Galileo Italian He proved Copernicus’s conclusion was right
Bacon
Zhang Heng Chinese He built a model that could show how…
Copernicus He believed that the earth moves around the sun
III. Language points:
Part 1 Words and phrases:
1. make a difference 產生差別；造成影響；起重要作用 make no/little/much/some difference
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
It makes a difference which you choose.
Your support will certainly make a difference in our job.
make a difference between right and wrong 區分對錯
翻譯：我們九點出發還是十點出發有什么要緊嗎？(make a difference)
2. be satisfied with 對……滿意／滿足
satisfy vt.滿足，使滿意 satisfying=satisfactory adj.令人滿意的
satisfied adj. 感到滿意的 satisfaction n．滿足，滿意
(1) The policeman put down the phone, _____A____ with a smile on his face．
A. satisfied B. satisfying C．to be satisfied D satisfactory
(2) Nick is 1ooking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ____B___ his boss．
A serves B satisfies C．promises D. supports (2000北京高考)
(3)_To his satisfaction_ (讓他感到很滿意的是), the difficult task was finished ahead of time.
3. take/have a good /close/careful look at
He took another look at himself in the mirror before he left．
短語翻譯：(take)
(1)散步__take a walk _ (2)旅行__take a trip__
(3)照相__take photos______ (4)鍛煉__take exercises__________
(5)度假__take a vacation____ (6)參加考試_take an exam___ ___
(7)采取行動 take actions___ (8)采取措施__take steps/measures__
(9)洗淋浴__take a bath_____ (10)服藥___take medicine_________
4. creativity n.創造力
(1) Opportunities must be _created___ for the children to learn by themselves.
(2) Drawing is a job which needs a lot of _creativity _ and patience.
(3) His _creative _ writing skills were fully used in this novel.
(4) Leisure and _recreation _ are very important to us.
5. describe…as… 描述（某人或某物）有某種性質
I’m unwilling to describe him as really clever. He describes himself as a doctor.
Could you give a _description__ of your suitcase?
Part II. Sentences
1．By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions.
What if…倘使……將會怎樣；即使……又有什么要緊
What if aliens invade the earth? 如果有外星人侵襲地球應怎么辦?
What if he gets angry? 即使他生氣又有什么關系?
what if中what可看作是what should sb.do(某人該怎么辦)或what does it matter
(有什么要緊)或what would happen(將會如何)的省略。
(1)What if she finds out that you've lost the book she values most?
(2)What if we move the picture over there? Do you think it’ll look better?
(3)---We've decided to invite him to dinner． ---___D______ he doesn't come?
A. How about B What about C Why not D．What if
2．Only by discovering what we do best can we hope to reach our goals and truly make a difference. 只有通過發現我們什么于得最好，我們才有希望達到目的并真正成名。
only修飾狀語位于句首時，句子采用部分倒裝的結構。但是only修飾名詞、代詞時，句子不用倒裝結構。Only you can find out the truth．
⑴ Only ____A_____ us a hand．
A．Tom can lend B. can Tom lend C．Tom lend can D．can lend Tom
⑵ ____C__ can you expect to get a pay rise．
A. With hard work B. Although work hard
C. Only with hard work D．Now that he works hard
閱讀學案（3）
編制人：樂龍飛
I. Revision
句型轉換練習
1．They are good friends and they share a lot of hobbies.
They are good friends and they _have__ _a _ __lot_ ___in_ _common in their hobbies.
2. It’s certain that he has completed his task.
_There__ __is__ __no _ __doubt__ _that _ he has completed his task.
3. He is a young man who has a bright future. He is a _promising_ young man.
4. It seems to be meaningless to argue about such a matter.
_There_ doesn’t seem _ to__ __be____ _much__ _point_ about such a matter.
5. We should do everything based on our abilities.
We should do everything _according __ _ _to _our abilities.
6. The recipe of the drink proved to be fantastic.
The recipe of the drink _turned_ ___out_____ to be fantastic.
II．Reading comprehension
Part 1 True or False questions
( F ) 1. Hawking’s editor warned him not to use any equation in his book and Hawking followed his advice.
( T ) 2. E=mc appears very simple, but it has changed science and physics thoroughly.
( F) 3. Einstein felt he had to apologize to Newton because he thought his theory had replaced Newton’s.
( F ) 4. Einstein believed that light traveled through space in a straight line.
( T ) 5. When Einstein’s theory came out, it was not accepted at once.
( F ) 6. Einstein became word-famous before the First World War.
( F ) 7. Einstein got Swiss nationality in order not to join the army and to continue his research.
( T ) 8. Einstein urged the United States to make an atomic bomb to defeat the Nazis.
( F ) 9. Hitler came into power in the late 1930s.
( F ) 10. Einstein left for the USA alone in 1933.
Part 2 Blanks-filling
Albert Einstein, who was a __Jew___, was born in _Germany _.He was greatly respected as the _ leading _ scientist of the 20th century.
In 1901 he took __Swiss _ nationality, therefore he didn’t have to join the army and __continued _ with his research work. He made new discoveries on light and __replaced _ Newton’s theory with his __own__. He proved that light didn’t travel __through _ space in a __straight__ line and the light coming from the stars was __bent __ as it passed the sun. However, his _scientific _ ideas weren’t accepted by many people until scientists who had been _ watching _stars believed in his work in 1919. From that time __on__ he became world-famous. His best known __equation_ was E=mc. It may appear very simple, but it __represent__ a theory so important that it changed _ science__ and physics completely.
When Hitler came into __power__ in the _early__ 1930s, he found it __impossible _ for him to be able to visit his motherland. That is why Einstein and his family left _ Europe_ for the USA in 1933.
III. Language points
Part 1 Words and phrases
1. a brief history of time 《時間簡史》
brief adj.簡潔的；扼要的 to be brief/in brief/ in short/ in a word 簡言之
翻譯：能否請您簡要介紹一下你們的學校？ (a brief introduction)
_Could you give a brief introduction of your school? ____________________________
2. appear vi. 出現；顯現 _disappear__(opposite) __appearance___(n.)
appear to/seem to 似乎；好像 There appears to be a small hill over there.
3. Einstein was respected as the leading scientist of the 20th century.
leading adj. 主要的；首要的 主角：__leading roles________
the leading topics of the hour 當前主要的論題
lead/live a …life 過上……的生活 lead to 通往……；導致
All roads lead to Rome. Too much smoking may lead to lung cancer.
4. therefore 因此
The boy behaved badly before the visiting guests. Therefore, his father got very angry.
5. come into power 上臺；執政 come into being 形成；出現
come into use 投入使用 come into effect 生效
你知道漢字最早出現在什么時候嗎？_When do you know Chinese characters came into being first?
新交通法今年7月1日生效。The new traffic law came into effect on July, 1 this year._
那個機場因為某種原因當時沒有投入使用。__The airport couldn’t come into use for some reason.
6. urge sb. to do sth.
Part 2 Sentences
Despite this warning, Hawking found it necessary to include an equation.
霍金不顧這樣的警告，他還是認為有必要包括一個等式。
①despite = in spite of 不管；不顧
不管她怎么說，我都不會改變我的想法的。_Despite what she says, I won’t change my mind.
②warning n. 警告 warn sb. of sth. warn sb. to do warn sb. that…
He was warned of the danger.
我們警告他不要在這么薄的冰上行走。
_We warned him not to walk on such thin ice. ___________________________________
③ 用include和contain的適當形式填空
The book _contains_ 40 maps, _ including__3 maps of China.
Fruit _contains__ Vitamin C. The drawer locked __contains__ important documents.
The car accident caused 7deaths, 3 children __included__.
④ 翻譯：我發現這個句子很難理解。(find it +adj.+ to do 或find +n +adj.+ to do)
__I found it hard to understand this sentence./I found the sentence hard to understand.___