Unit3：Goi ng places
詞語探究
consider, means, transportation, imagine, travel, prefer, adventure, experience, expensive, equipment, return, paddle, get away from, nature, watch out, poison, combine, benefit
句子分析
1. How would you like to go to the following places, by boat, by train, by air or by bus.
2. Where would you prefer going?
3. Instead of spending your vacation on a bus, in a hotel or sitting on the beach, you may want to try hiking.
4. Hiking is fun and exciting, but you mustn't forget safety.
5. Bring maps, water, sunscreen and maybe a cell phone if you have one.
6. Watch out for dangers, such as spiders, snakes or poisonous plants.
7. Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun.
8. The name "Whitewater" comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly.
9. As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes.
10. You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim, and you should always wear a life jacket.
11. Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days' time.
口語交際
1. I believe travelling in space will be easy then.
2. How are you getting there?
3. Say ”Hi” to Bob for me.
4. Have a good trip.
5. The same to you.
語法評釋
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
學(xué)法總結(jié)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的用法
課文理解
Part One 詞語探究
1. consider
(1)“考慮，細(xì)想”，后面可接名詞，從句，連接詞或代詞引起的不定式短語，動詞的-ing形式，不能直接接動詞不定式作賓語。
e.g. You had better consider the plan.
你們最好考慮那個(gè)計(jì)劃。
They have to consider what they should do next.
他們得考慮下一步要做什么。
Have you considered what to do next?
你考慮過下步該做什么嗎？
You should consider how to get there.
你應(yīng)該考慮怎么到那兒去。
Li Hua considered visiting the Great Wall.
李華考慮去參觀萬里長城。
(2)“認(rèn)為”，后面可接不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。句型為：consider sb. to do sth.
e.g. I consider him to be a clever boy.
我認(rèn)為他是個(gè)聰明的男孩。
I consider it my duty to tell the truth.
我認(rèn)為有責(zé)任來說明真相。
(3)“認(rèn)為”，通常與as構(gòu)成consider...as... 短語“把……看作或認(rèn)為……”。
e.g. He considered me as his best friend.
他把我看作他的最要好的朋友。
You can't consider him as an honest man.
你不能把他認(rèn)為是一個(gè)老實(shí)人。
[注意]consider sb. to be...和consider sb. as...中的to be和as可以省去。
e.g. I consider him an honest man.
我認(rèn)為他是一個(gè)老實(shí)人。
[注意]consider不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。比如：我們不能說" He is considering... ",而應(yīng)該說："He considers... "。
2. means
(1)通常用作可數(shù)名詞，單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，意思是“方法、手段、工具”。
e.g. There are (is)no means of getting there.
沒有辦法去那里。
A train is a means of transportation.
火車是一種交通工具。
(2)by means of意思是“用，依靠”。
e.g. The poor old man made a living by means of begging.
那位可憐的老人靠乞討來謀生。
3. transportation
用作可數(shù)名詞，意思是“運(yùn)輸工具”，作不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“運(yùn)輸、輸送、客運(yùn)、貨運(yùn)”。
4. imagine
(1)在本單元中意思是“想象、猜想、料想”，后面通常可接名詞，動詞的-ing形式，作賓語，也可接賓語從句。
e.g. Can you imagine the life without air and water?
你能想象沒有水和空氣的生活嗎？
You can imagine skating on the real ice.
你可以想象在真冰上滑冰。
He often imagines when he can fly in the sky.
他常常想象何時(shí)能在太空中飛翔。
(2) imagine后面還可接復(fù)合賓語，也就是說可以接賓語和賓補(bǔ)，賓語補(bǔ)足語通常可由名詞、動詞的-ing和to be短語來充當(dāng)。意思是“想象、料想某人做某事。”
e.g. Imagine yourself to be his place.
想象自己處于他那個(gè)位置。
The little boy imagines himself a flyer.
那個(gè)小男孩想象自己是個(gè)飛人。
Can you imagine him climbing the mountain?
你能想象他登山的情景嗎？
[洋意]imagine后面可接動詞-ing作賓語或賓補(bǔ)，而不能接動詞不定式作賓語或賓補(bǔ)。但可接to be短語："You can imagine walking alone in the dark", 而不能說：" You can imagine to walk alone in the dark"。
5. travel
(1)本單元中作“旅行、游歷”講，用作動詞。
e. g. The scientist travelled across the desert to do a further research.
那位科學(xué)家橫過沙漠旅行是為做更進(jìn)一步研究。
(2)作名詞講，意思是“旅行”。
e.g. The girl is fond of travel.
那個(gè)女孩喜歡旅行。
(3)作“游歷、游記”講時(shí)，通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
e.g. I liked to read the travels when I was a child.
在孩提時(shí)代，我喜歡看游記。
[辨析]journey, travel, trip, voyage, tour
①journey 指旅行的路程和所用的時(shí)間，主要指陸地的長途旅行。
②travel 指目的不明確，在各地做長途漫游，通常用復(fù)形式。
③trip 指短時(shí)間內(nèi)來回的業(yè)務(wù)或觀光旅行。
④voyage 每時(shí)海上或空中的旅行。
⑤tour指觀光、考察等的環(huán)游旅行。
e.g. We are going to take a journey to Europe.
我們將去歐洲旅行。
It was his first trip to Hong Kong.
這是他第一次到香港旅行。
We all like travel very much.
我們都喜愛旅行。
Captain Cook went on a voyage round the world.
庫克船長做了一次環(huán)球航旅行。
They are on a wedding tour.
他們正在新婚旅游。
6. prefer
(1)本單元中，prefer的意思是“喜歡”，通常后面可接名詞、代詞、不定式或動詞-ing作賓語。
e.g. He prefers apples.
他喜歡蘋果。
He prefers to swim．
他喜歡游泳。
The girl prefers skating．
那女孩喜歡滑冰。
(2)prefer...to意思是“比起……更喜歡”，“寧愿……而不……”，這里的to是介詞，后接名詞、代詞或動詞的-ing形式，而不接不定式。
e．g．I prefer apples to bananas．
我喜歡蘋果，而不喜歡香蕉。
I prefer riding to walking．
我喜歡騎車，不喜歡走路。
The boy preferred going home to staying here．
那個(gè)男孩寧可呆在家里，而不愿呆在這里。
(3)prefer to do... rather than(to)do意思是“寧愿……而不……”，后面的to可以省去。
e．g．I often prefer to ride rather than(to)walk．
我寧愿騎車，而不愿走路。
(4)prefer作“寧愿”講時(shí)，后面的賓語從句中的謂語通常用(should十)動詞原形，should可以省去。
e．g．He preferred that he should go alone．
他寧愿他一個(gè)人去。
7．a(chǎn)dventure
(1)本單元中用作名詞，意思是“冒險(xiǎn)、冒險(xiǎn)活動”。
(2)adventurer冒險(xiǎn)家、騙子，adventuress女騙子。
8．experience
(1)作名詞用，意思是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)、體驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷、閱歷”。
e．g．Professor Black is a man of much experience．
布萊克博士是一位經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人。
(2)作動詞用，意思是“經(jīng)歷、體驗(yàn)、遭受”。
e．g．I have experienced the war．
我體驗(yàn)過戰(zhàn)爭。
[辨析]experience，experiment
(1)experience常指人們“經(jīng)歷”過的事情，即生活中所遇到的事情或通過學(xué)習(xí)、實(shí)踐取得的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
(2)experiment通常指科學(xué)家或研究人員進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)或用來奉示人們?yōu)榱藱z驗(yàn)?zāi)撤N效果而進(jìn)行的活動。
e．g．The scientist made an experiment to test their ideas．
那位科學(xué)家做實(shí)驗(yàn)來檢驗(yàn)他們的觀點(diǎn)。
The young teacher should gain experience teaching from the old one．
年輕教師應(yīng)從老教師那里獲得教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
9．expensive
用作形容詞，意思是“昂貴的、高價(jià)的、花錢多的”。
反義詞是cheap，在英語中，通常談?wù)撐锲焚F廉，用expensive和cheap，而談?wù)撐锲穬r(jià)格時(shí)用high和low。
e．g．The goods in the shop are very expensive．
這家商店的商品太貴了。
The price“the bicycle is low．
自行車的價(jià)格低。
10．equipment
通常用作不可數(shù)名詞，意思是“裝備、設(shè)備、裝置”。
e．g．There are three pieces“equipment in the laboratory．
實(shí)驗(yàn)室里有三套設(shè)備。
11．return
(1)用作不及物動詞，意思是“回來、返回、歸還”。
e．g．The children returned home．
孩子們回家了。
The book has returned to the original owner．
那本書已歸還原主。
(2)用作及物動詞，意思是“歸還、退還”。
e．g．I have returned the book to JaCk．
我把那本書還給杰克了。
(3)用作名詞，意思是“返回、回來”。
e．g．On my return，I met an old friend of mine．
在我回來的時(shí)候，我碰到一位昔日朋友。
[辨析]in return，in return for
(1)in return作為報(bào)答，作為回報(bào)。
(2)in return for作為……的報(bào)答，作為……的交換。
e．g．Give some money to the boy in return．
給那個(gè)孩子一些錢作為回報(bào)吧。
Give him some books in return for his help．
給他幾本書作為他幫忙的回報(bào)。
12．paddle
(1)用作名詞時(shí)，指小船、尤其是獨(dú)木舟所用的短而寬的槳。
(2)用作動詞時(shí)，意思是“用槳?jiǎng)潯⑹帢薄?/p>
e．g．They paddled in the lake．
他們在湖中蕩槳。
13．get away from
意思是“脫離”。
e．g．The rebel wanted to get away from the country．
造反者想脫離國家。
14．nature
(1)用作名詞，意思是“自然、自然界”，“本性”，作“自然、自然界”講時(shí)，通常用作不可數(shù)名詞，作“本性”講時(shí)，既可用作可數(shù)名詞，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞。
e．g．The chemists study The nature of gases．
化學(xué)家研究氣體的性質(zhì)。
We should protect nature from being polluted．
我們應(yīng)保護(hù)自然免遭污染。
(2)常見短語
in nature自然界，性質(zhì)上，實(shí)際上，究竟。
by nature天生地，天性地。
e．g．What in nature do you mean?
你究竟是什么意思。
He is proud by nature．
他天生自傲。
15．Watch out
(1)watch out意思是“當(dāng)心、注意”。
e．g．Watch out．Here conies the bus．
注意。車子開過來了。
(2)watch out for意思是“注意、提防”。
e．g．Watch out for fire in winter．
冬天注意防火。
[辨析]watch，see，look at
(1)watch強(qiáng)調(diào)注意其動靜。
(2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果。
(3)look at指看的動作，指視線看目標(biāo)。
e．g．Watch what they are doing．
注意他們在干什么。
He looked around，but saw nothing．
他環(huán)顧四周，什么也沒看見。
The boy looked at the birds in the sky．
那個(gè)男孩看空中的飛鳥。
16．poison
(1)用作名詞，意思是“毒、毒物、毒藥”。
e．g．Don't pour the poison into the river．
不要把毒物倒進(jìn)河水里。
(2)用作動詞，意思是“毒殺，毒害”。
e．g．The farmer used poison to poison the mice．
那個(gè)農(nóng)民用毒藥毒殺老鼠。
(3)poison的形容詞是poisonous，意思是“有毒的”，“有害的”。
e．g．Not all snakes are poisonous．
并非所有的蛇都有毒。
17．combine
用作動詞，意思是“使結(jié)合，使聯(lián)合”。
e．S．This kind of experiment can combine hydrogen with oxygem
這種實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)苁箽溲趸稀?/p>
18．benefit
(1)用作名詞，意思是“利益，好處”。
e．g．We developed trade with them for mutual benefit．
我們出于互利的目的而和他們發(fā)展貿(mào)易。
The new factory will be a great benefit to the town．
這座新工廠對這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)將會有很大的好處。
(2)用作及物動詞，意思是“有益于，有利于”。
e．g．The rain will benefit the crops．
這場雨會有利于莊稼。
(3)用作不及物動詞，意思是“受益，得到好處”。常與from和by連用。
e．g．You will benefit by a holiday．
度假將有益于你。
We can all benefit fromhis knowledge．
我們都能從他的知識中受益。
Part Two句子分析
1．How would you like to go to the following places，by boat，by train，by air Or by bus．
你愿意如何去下面這些地方呢?乘船，乘火車，乘飛機(jī)還是乘汽車。
(1)would like或would love后面通常可以接名詞或代詞作賓語，意思是“喜
歡……”，后面也接動詞不定式，意思是“想做……”，而不能接動詞的-ing形式。
e．g．I would like popular music．
我喜歡流行音樂。
He would like to go with you．
他愿和你同行。
(2)by介詞，意思是“通過……”，表示通過某種手段或方式。
e．g．We all go to school by bike．
我們都騎自行車上學(xué)。
They always keep in touch with each other by letter．
他們總是通過書信保持聯(lián)系。
2．Where would you prefer going?
你愿意到哪兒去呢?
prefer后面既可跟不定式作賓語，也可以跟動詞的ing形式作賓語。
e．g．He prefers to swim．
他喜歡游泳。
He prefers swimming．
他喜歡游泳。
3．Instead of spending your vacation on a bus，in a hotel or sitting on the beach，you may want to try hiking．
不呆在車上，賓館里或坐在海灘上度假，你可能想去遠(yuǎn)足。
(1)instead of相當(dāng)于介詞，意思是“取代，代替，而不……”
e．g．He will attend the conference instead of me．
他將替我出席那個(gè)大會。
He went there on foot instead of by bus．
他是步行去那兒而不是乘車去的。
[辨析]instead，instead of，in place of，take the place of
以上幾個(gè)單詞和詞組都表示“代替”的含義，但用法有所不同。
①instead副詞，通常用在句首或句尾。
②instead of介詞短語，通常用在名詞，代詞，動詞-ing，不定式，形容詞、副詞或
介詞短語前。
③in place of 相當(dāng)于instead of。
④take the place of動詞短語，用作謂語，用在名詞或代詞前。
e．g．I won't go to the meeting．He will go instead．
我不參加會議，而是他去參加會議。
He often takes the place of me to help the man．
他經(jīng)常替我?guī)椭莻�(gè)人。
(2)spend
用作動詞，“花費(fèi)”的意思，通常用的句型是：花錢做……
spend money on(for)sth．
花時(shí)間做……spend time on sth．或spend time(in)doing sth，其中in可以省去。
e．g．Jack spent ten dollars on(for)the book
杰克花了十美元買那本書。
He spends an hour on English every day．
他每天花一小時(shí)學(xué)英語。
He spends an hour(in)1earning English every day．
他每天花一小時(shí)學(xué)英語。
[辨析]spend，take，cost，pay
這四個(gè)動詞都表示“花費(fèi)”的意思，但用法有所不同。
①spend通常指花費(fèi)金錢和時(shí)間，主語通常是人。
②take通常指花費(fèi)時(shí)間，句型是it takes／took sb．time to do sth.
③cost通常指花費(fèi)金錢、精力，主語通常是人。
④pay通常指花費(fèi)金錢。
e．g．He spent ten minutes(in)waiting for her．
他花了十分鐘時(shí)間等她。
It took me three hours to finish the homework．
花了我三個(gè)小時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)。
The book cost me three dollars．
那本書花了我三美元。
He paid three yuan for the book．
他花了三元錢買那本書。
4．Hiking is fun and exciting，but you mustn't forget safety．
遠(yuǎn)足有趣而且刺激，但你不能忘記安全。
must的否定式mustn't或must not，表示強(qiáng)烈的禁止，意思是“不得……，”“不準(zhǔn)……”，“不應(yīng)該……”。
e．g．You mustn't speak like that to your mother．
你不準(zhǔn)像那樣對你的媽媽講話。
You mustn't smoke near a gas station．
你絕對不能在加油站附近抽煙。
5．Bring maps，water，sunscreen and maybe a cell phone if you have one．
帶上地圖、水、防曬油，如果有的話，帶部手機(jī)。
one和it用作代詞，都可代替前面提到的名詞。但it指的就是前面說的那個(gè)東西，而one則指前面談到的東西或事物中的一個(gè)。
e．g．My pen is missing．I can't find it．I want to buy one．
我的鋼筆丟了。我沒有找到它。我想買一支。
句中的it指的是my pen，而one則不指前面的my pen，而是鋼筆中的一支。
[辨析]bring，take，fetch，carry
這四個(gè)詞都表示“拿，取”的含義，但用法不同。
①bring"帶來”，從另外的一個(gè)地方把東西帶到說話的地方。
②take“拿走”，從說話的地方拿到另外的一個(gè)地方。
③fetch“去取來”，從說話的地方出發(fā)到另外一個(gè)地方將東西拿到說話的地方來。
④carry表示“運(yùn)送”，沒有明確的方向性。
e．g．Remember to bring more money next time．
記住下次多帶點(diǎn)錢來。
Take away the rubbish．
把垃圾拿開。
Tom，fetch some Chalk for me，please．
湯姆，請給我拿幾支粉筆來。
The bus can carry 40 passengers．
這班車可以運(yùn)送四十名旅客。
6．Watch out for dangers，such as spiders，snakes or poisonous plants．
小心危險(xiǎn)，例如蜘蛛、蛇和有毒的植物。
(1)watch out for相當(dāng)于及物動詞，意思是“注意，小心”。
e．g．Watch out for the dog When you enter the house．
進(jìn)屋時(shí)小心那條狗。
(2)such as“例如”的意思，通常用于列舉。
e．g．There are many famous cities in China，such as Beijing，Shanghai and Wuhan．
中國有許多有名的城市，例如北京，上海，武漢。
7．Wear a hat to protect yourself from the sun．
戴頂帽子讓你免受太陽曬。
protect通常用作及物動詞，與defend同義，意思是“保衛(wèi)、保護(hù)”，常見短語protect sb．from...“保護(hù)某人免受...”
e．g．We Should protect the Children.
我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)兒童。
The soldiers built a high wall to protect themselves from attack by the enemy．
士兵們修筑高墻為的是保護(hù)他們免受敵人的襲擊。
[辨析]wear，put on，dress
①wear是“穿著，戴著”的意思，可用于穿衣服，穿鞋，戴帽子，戴手套，佩戴首飾等，強(qiáng)調(diào)“穿戴”的狀態(tài)。
②put on是“穿上，戴上”的意思，可用于穿衣服，穿鞋，戴帽等，著重于穿戴的動作。
③dress可用作及物動詞和不及物動詞，有“穿著，打扮”的意：思。作“穿著”講時(shí)，可用于穿衣服，不用于穿鞋，戴帽，戴手套等。用作及物動詞，它的賓語是人而不是衣服。即：dress sb．(給某人穿衣服)。而wear作“穿著”講，也是及物動詞，但它的賓語是物而不是人，即：wear sth(穿著衣物)。
e．g．Tom always wears black shoes．
湯姆總穿黑鞋。
She doesn't wear a flower in her hair．
她不喜歡頭上戴花。
He put on his hat and went out of the room．
他戴上帽子，就走出房間。
She always dresses well．
她總是打扮得很好。
Mary is dressing her baby．
瑪麗在給嬰兒穿衣服。
8．The name "Whitewater" comes from the fact that the water in these streams and rivers looks white when it moves quickly．
“白水”這個(gè)名字來源于這個(gè)事實(shí)，當(dāng)水流淌很急時(shí)，小溪和河中的水看起來是白色的。
(1)that the water in these streams and rivers looks White When it moves quickly中的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)同位語從句，即對前面的the fact進(jìn)行說明，解釋。
e．g．I heard the news that they won the match.
我聽到他們獲勝的消息。
(2)come from"來自于……，來源于……”的意思。
e．g．The word“cent”in American money came from old French．
美幣中的"cent"來源于古法語。
9．As with hiking，you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes．
同遠(yuǎn)足一樣，你應(yīng)該考慮你的安全，而且穿上優(yōu)質(zhì)的衣服。
as with意思是“正如……的情況一樣”。
e．g．As with what I said，he failed again．
正如我所說的，他又一次失敗了。
10．You should not go rafting unless you know how to swim，and you should always Wear a life jacket.
你不該去漂流，除非你知道如何游泳，而且你總是穿好救生衣。
(1)unless意思是“除非……如果不……”相當(dāng)于if...not結(jié)構(gòu)，通常unless引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句，從句中不能用將來時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)來代替一般將來時(shí)或過去將來時(shí)。
e．g．I will visit you unless I am busy．
除非我很忙，我就會去看你的。
這句話相當(dāng)于I will visit you if I am not busy．
如果我不忙的話，我會去看你的。
(2)本單元中幾次出現(xiàn)should這個(gè)單詞，should通常可以表示“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”的意思。
e．g．You should do it as the teacher told you．
你應(yīng)該按老師講的去做。
You shouldn't be so careless．
你不應(yīng)該這樣粗心大意。
11．Jane and Betty are going on separate holidays in a few days' time．
幾天以后簡和貝蒂將要分別度假去了。
(1)separate在此句中用作形容詞，意思是“單獨(dú)的，各自的”。
e．g．The children sleep in separate beds．
孩子們是分床睡的。
(2)in a few days’time“幾天以后”，注意afewdays’中的“'”放在s上。
[辨析]separate，divide
這兩個(gè)詞都可用作動詞，意思是“分開”。但有一定的不同。
①separate通常指把原來結(jié)合在一起，混合在一起的分開或隔離。
②divide著重指把整體分成若干部分。
e．g．You should separate the good apples from the bad ones．
你應(yīng)該把好蘋果和壞蘋果分開。
The house is divided into four parts．
這間房屋分成四部分。
Part Three 口語交際
1．I believe travelling in space will be easy then．
我相信空中旅行到那時(shí)會容易些。
I believe that...通常表示“我相信……”，但是當(dāng)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的謂動詞是否定式時(shí)，通常將否定式前移到主句。
e．g．I believe he will pass the test．
我相信他會通過測試的。
I don't believe he is late for class．
我相信他不會上課遲到。
上例中，我們通常不說“I believe he is not late for class．”
2．How are you getting there?
在交際英語中，詢問去某地，通常可以說“How do you get...?”或“How can you get...?”
e．g．A：How can l get to the railway station?
B：By taxi．
A：我怎樣去火車站?
B：乘出租車。
3．Say ”Hi” to Bob for me.
代我向鮑勃問好。
在交際英語中，向某人表示問候、抱歉、同意，通常用say...to sb。
e．g．Say“sorry” to your teacher．
向老師說“對不起”。
Say "hello" to your parents for me．
代我向你父母問好。
4．Have a good trip．
祝旅途愉快。
類似的句型有：Have a good journey．通常用于為某人送行說的祝愿語。
5．The Same to you．
你也一樣。
在英語中，表示祝愿某人也一樣，可以用"The same to you"這個(gè)句型。
e．g．A：Happy New Year to you!
B：The same to you．
A：祝你新年愉快!
B：也祝你新年愉快。
e．g．A：And Good luck
B：Thank you．The same to you．
A：祝你好運(yùn)。
B：謝謝。也祝你好運(yùn)。
Part Four語法詳釋
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)是由助動詞am，is或are加行為動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。
2．現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
(1)一般情況直接加-ing
e．g．do→doing try→trying play→playing
(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞，去掉e，再加-ing
e．g．make→making arrange→arranging
(3)最后一個(gè)音節(jié)是以單個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞，雙寫最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ing
e．g．dig→digging begin→beginning
3．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法
(1)表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動作。
e．g．The students are playing football on the playground．
學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。
He is watching TV in the room now．
他現(xiàn)在在家里看電視。
(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作(但說話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行)。
e．g．Li Hua is drawing a painting in oils these days．
這幾天李華在畫一張油畫。
We are building socialism．
我們在建設(shè)社會主義。
(3)在英語中，動詞go，come，leave，arrive，start，stay等現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示一個(gè)按計(jì)劃或安排好將要發(fā)生的動作。
e．g．My parents are leaving for Beijing tomorrow．
我父母明天到北京去。
I am not staying long in Tokyo．
我不打算在東京逗留很長時(shí)間。
(4)有些動詞，如：be(是)，have(有)，want(想要)，hope(希望)，know(知道)，see(看見)，hear(聽見)，think(認(rèn)為)，like(喜歡)，love(熱愛)等，一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
Part Five探究性學(xué)習(xí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來的用法
1．一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來時(shí)間
(1)這一結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于表示根據(jù)規(guī)定、時(shí)間表預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的動作或事態(tài)，通常有表示將來的時(shí)間作狀語。
e．g．He retires next month．
他下個(gè)月退休。
The term starts on September 1st．
本學(xué)期九月一日開學(xué)。
The train leaves at 7：30 this evening．
火車今晚7：30發(fā)車。
(2)在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句中，通常可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
e．g．I will visit the temple if I have time．
如果我有時(shí)間，我就去參觀寺廟。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there．
我一到達(dá)那兒就給你寫信。
2．在英語中，動詞leave，start，arrive，stay，go，come等的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可用來表示一個(gè)按計(jì)劃或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。
e．g．They are leaving for Wuhan at once．
他們馬上出發(fā)到武漢去。
He is starting this afternoon．
他今天下午出發(fā)。
Unit3 Going place單元能力檢測
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
從A，B，C，D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。
1. I prefer coffee ________ milk. But they prefer ________ juice ________ soup.
A. to; to drink; drinking B. to; drinking; to drinking
C. at; drinking; to drinking D. at; to drink; to drink
2. You must do _______ I tell you.
A. that B. as C. like D. which
3. I _______ back tomorrow unless it
A. will; rains B. will be; rains
C. am; rains D. will be; is going to rain
4. We ________ visiting the Great Wall next week.
A. thought B. wanted C. considered D. expected
5. The army will go on a _________ cross the ocean.
A. voyage B. tour C. travel D. journey
6. He preferred _________ rather than
A. to die, live B. dying, living
C. to die, living D. dying, to live
7. Would you like _________ some coffee?
A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. to drinking
8. They went on a travel on foot _________by bus.
A. instead B. take the place of C. in the place of D. instead of
9. He ________ a week in finishing the experiment.
A. took B. cost C. spent D. paid
10. I know that gentleman like you ________ only large notes.
A. take B. fetch C. bring D. carry
11. Jane ________ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
12. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have
A. it B. those C. them D. one
13. I did wrong to him. Please sorry to him _________ me.
A. say; to B. say; for C. tell; for D. tell; to
14. A: Have a nice weekend. B:_______
A. The same to you B. You do too C. The same as you D. You have it too
15. I ________ he will visit the United States with me.
A. am hoping B. hope C. have hoped D. hoped
二、完形填空
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出一個(gè)最佳答案。
One cold afternoon a postman was slowly rushing his mail cart(郵車) 1 the
hill that led out of the small town of lane. He was walking very 2 because there was a lot of ice on the 3 . He had only one more letter to deliver(傳遞) ,and this was for an old lady who lived at the 4 . Everybody 5 her "grandma".
She had lived alone 6 her daughter had 7 to Hawaii many years before. She used to invite the postman 8 for coffee whenever he 9 her letter, and she would tell him about her two grandchildren in Hawaii, whom she had 10 seen. However, she had lots of 11 of them, which she used to 12 him.
Just as the 13 came near her gate, a small boy came 14 down the hill. Suddenly the boy slipped on the ice and fell. The postman stopped his mail coat and hurried 15 the street to help the boy. After a quick 16 , he saw that he had hurt his log very badly. In fact, he was 17 that the boy's leg had been broken. He know that "Grandma" did not have a 18 , so he stopped a 19 driver and asked him to 20 the boy to Lance Hospital.
1. A. down B. up C. along D. around
2. A. bravely B. carefully C. fast D. slowly
3. A. cart B. ground C. field D. road
4. A. gate B. bottom C. end D. top
5. A. named B. shouted C. called D. talked
6. A. ever since B. just as C. ever after D. until
7. A. left B. came C. moved D. been
8. A. in B. there C. up D. to
9. A. carried B. sent C. wrote D. brought
10. A. already B. often C. never D. hardly
11. A. pictures B. letters C. news D. things
12. A. tell B. show C. give D. send
13. A. postman B. lady C. children D. boy
t4. A. and ran B. to run C. ran D. running
15. A. in B. on C. across D. into
16. A. search B. look C. hurry D. test
17. A. sad B.angry C. afraid D. disappointed
18. A. driver B. TV set C. telephone D. radio
19. A. posting B. careful C. good D. walking
20. A. send B. bring C. get D. take
三、閱讀理解
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)A、B、C、D中選出最佳選項(xiàng)
A
Road accidents are often caused by carelessness. There are many rules that help to make the roads safe. Here are some rules which we ought to know. In Hong Kong traffic (交通車輛)keeps to the left. Before crossing the road, we must stop and look at both sides. Look right, look left. Then if we are sure that the road is clear, it is safe to cross th road. If we see small children, or very old persons, or blind people, waiting to cross the road, we should help them to cross the road safely. Small children must be taught not to play on the roads.
1. ________,there won't be so many road accidents.
A. If people are more careful B. If the drivers are careful
C. If traffic keeps to the left D. If people wait after crossing the road.
2. Traffic keeps to the ________ in Beijing.
A. east B. west C. right D. left
3. If we are in Beijing before crossing the road we must _________ and
A. look at neither side B. look left; look right
C. look right; look left D. look right
4. "The road is clear" means_________.
A. all the roads are keeping to the right B. it is not raining
C. there is no car coming D. the road is very clean
5. This article mainly tells us__________.
A. the traffic rules B. to wait before crossing the road
C. to help the weak cross the road D. to be careful in driving and walking
B
The Antarctica is actually a desert. It is the only continent on the earth without a river or lake.
The Antarctica is ice all year round. The warmest temperature ever recorded there is zero, at the South Pole. Explorers(探險(xiǎn)家)used to think that a place so cold would have a heavy snowfall. But less than ten inches of snow falls each year. That is less than half an inch of water. Ten times such much moisture(濕度)falls in parts of the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠).
The little snow that falls in Antarctica never melts(溶化). It continues to pile up deeper and deeper year after year and century after century. When the snow gets to be about eighty feet deep, it is turned to ice.
1. Antarctica is called a desert because it__________.
A. is sandy
B. has the same temperature as a desert
C. has little moisture and no lakes or rivers
D. has never been landed by man
2. The Antarctica has__________.
A. ten times as much moisture as the Sahara
B. as much moisture as the Sahara
C. about one-tenth the moisture of some area of the Sahara
D. no moisture
3. The snow in Antarctica is Very deep because it__________.
A. never stops falling B. piles up year after year
C. never melts D. piles up high and never melts
4. The snow there turns into ice when__________.
A. it gets wet B. the temperature gets colder
C. the next snowfall comes D. the snow above it is heavy enough
5. The best title for this passage is__________.
A. A Strange Continent B. The Antarctica-An Ice Desert
C. Snowfall at the South Pole D. The World's Greatest Desert
C
Wastepaper(廢紙)
Paper is in short supply and its price is rising. Not only is the press(出版界)short of newsprint(新聞紙),but students of some schools and universities are short of textbooks.
To solve this problem, increasing paper production is one way; recycling wastepaper is another.
Our paper shortage(短缺)may be more serious because of the lack of paper-making materials.
China is a developing country. It is impossible to build many paper factories in a short time. More paper factories will be harmful for ecological balance(生態(tài)平衡). The use of wastepaper in western industrial countries has set us a good example. Encouraging people to save wastepaper will help ease the shortage of paper.
1. The writer says that in our country_________.
A. paper sells well B. paper sells bad
C. paper is badly needed D. we need large pieces paper
2. According to the writer we may have less paper mainly because of_________.
A. China's increasing population
B. China's increasing school and university students
C. Chinese bad habit of wasting paper
D. China's limited areas of woods
3. "Ecological balance" here mainly means__________.
A. the reducing of paper B. the reducing of forests
C. the increasing of population D. the increasing of wastepaper
4. In the use of wastepaper, the writer says__________.
A. no countries are doing well
B. all countries did well
C. China should learn from western countries
D. western countries should learn from China
5. In this passage the writer calls on__________.
A. the people to make full use of the wastepaper
B. China to control its population
C. the factories to print more textbooks
D. the factories to recycle wastepaper
四、短文改錯(cuò)
此題要求你對一段文章改錯(cuò)，先對每行作出判斷是對還是錯(cuò)，如果是對的，在該行的右邊橫線上畫一個(gè)勾(√)；如果有錯(cuò)誤(每行不會多于一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)，則按下列情況改錯(cuò)如下：
此行多一詞：把多余的詞用斜線(＼)劃掉，在該行右邊的橫線上寫出該詞，并也用斜線劃掉。
此行缺一詞：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(^)，在該行右邊的橫線上寫出該加的詞。
此行錯(cuò)一詞：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，在該行右邊橫線上寫出改正后的詞。
注意：原行沒有錯(cuò)誤的不要改。
Lincoln was 16th president of the USA. 1.___________
He was shot in 1865 when seeing at a play. 2.___________
In April 14 after a very busy day, he and his 3.___________
wife went to the theatre. In the middle of the play, 4._________
a young man walked slowly towards to Lincoln's 5._________
box. He opened the door very quietly that no one 6._________
heard of him, but a second later every ear heard 7._________
a gunshot. Smoke had seen coming from the box. 8._________
Lincoln's head had fallen suddenly on his breast, for 9._________
the smile was also on his lip. 10._________
五、書面表達(dá)
用100字左右寫一篇題為“北京”的短文。
提示：
1.北京是我國的首都，是世界上最古老的城市之一。
2.天安門廣場位于北京城的中心，是世界上最大的廣場。
3.北京公園很多。每逢星期天，公園里游人如云，到處是歌聲笑語。
4.北京在我國的建設(shè)中正起著重要的作用。
參考答案
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1．B prefersth．to sth．和prefer doing．．to doing…
2．B as用作連詞，“按照，正如”的意思。
3．B unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
4．C consider后跟動詞-ing。
5．A voyage“航海”。
6．A prefer to do...rather than do．．．
7．C would like后跟不定式，不跟動詞-ing形式。
8．D instead of介詞短語，“代替，替代”。
9．C spend指花費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢，主語通常是人。
10．D carry作“帶”講，沒有方向性。
11．A must have done“想必或一定已經(jīng)做……”。
12．D one代替前句中的glass。
13．B say sth．to sh. for sb．“替某人向某人說……”。
14．A The same to you，“同你一樣”。
15．B 狀態(tài)動詞沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
二、完形填空
1．B up“向上”。
2．B 由于有冰雪，因而行走必須小心。
3．D 行走的路線。
4．D at the top“在上面，在頂部”。
5．C 只有call可接復(fù)合賓語，即call sb．sth．。
6．A ever since “自從……時(shí)候以來”。
7．C move“搬家”的含義。
8．A “邀請進(jìn)來”invite sb．in。
9．D bring“帶來”。
10．C never“從來沒有”，由于老人的女兒多年前到Hawaii了。
11．A picture“照片”。
12．B show“給……看”。
13．A 從文章可以看出是postman到來。
14．D running作came的伴隨狀語。
15．C across“穿過”。
16．B look“看一看”。
17．C 郵政員擔(dān)心男孩的腿骨折了。
18．C 只能用telephone。
19．A passing“路過的，過路的”。
20．D take sb．to some place“把某人帶到……地方”。
三、閱讀理解
A
1．A 交通事故常常由粗心引起的。
2．C 香港車輛和其他地方車輛行走不相同，香港車輛靠道路左邊行走，其他地方靠右邊行走。
3．B 從“Before crossing the road，we must stop and look at both sides．Look right，look left．”中推斷出來。
4．C 從“Then if we are sure that the road is clear，it is safe to cross the road．”中推斷出來。
5．D 這篇短文介紹穿馬路應(yīng)注意的問題。
B
1．C 第一段可以看出。
2．C 從“Ten times so much moisture falls in parts of the Sahara．”中可以推斷出來。
3．D 從文章第三段第一句話可以推斷出來。
4．D 從文章第三段倒數(shù)第一句話可以推斷出來。
5．B 本篇文章介紹南極洲地理概況。
C
1．C 在各領(lǐng)域里紙張短缺。
2．D 紙張短缺由于造紙材料的缺乏。
3．B 從文意可以推斷出。
4．C 從文章最后兩句可以看出。
5．A 本文介紹廢紙利用，人們應(yīng)充分利用廢紙。
四、短文改錯(cuò)
1．在16th 前加the
2．去掉at
3．In改為On
4．√
5．去掉to
6．very改為so
7．去掉of
8．had后加been
9．had fallen改為fell
10．lip改為lips
五、書面表達(dá)
Beijing
Beijing is the capital of our country. It is one of the oldest cities in the world.
Tian An Men Square lies in the centre of the city. It is the largest square on earth. In the middle of the square stands the Chairman Mao Memorial Hall. On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the People. Far across the square is the building of the History Museum.
Beijing has a number of parks, such as the Summer Palace, Beihai park and Tian Tan park. On Sundays, with many people there, the parks are full of songs and laugh-ter.
Beijing is the heart of China. It is playing an important part in the realization of the four modernizations of our country.