目標(biāo)導(dǎo)引
1.單元詞匯及短語(yǔ)
feed, arable, seedbed, traditional, technique, agriculture, produce, improve, develop, increase, damage, fertilization, irrigation, import, ripe, technology, exchange, shortage, greenhouse, temperature, control, variety practical, rough, plough, wine, gardening, weed, condition, have effect on, make a decision, make use of，bring in, depend on, stand for, in other words, a variety of, go against, year after year, pass on, from generation to generation, as well as, allow sb. to do
2.單元句型
（1）Although China is a very big country, only 7% of the land can be used for farming.
（2）It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food…
（3）To make as much use of the land as possible, two or more crops are planted each year where possible.
（4）Not only food production is important but also taking care of the environment.
（5）Today, many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.
3.單元語(yǔ)法
The use of “it”
核心知識(shí)
同義詞辨析
1.soil, earth, ground, field和land
(1)soil指“土壤”，“國(guó)土”等。
The top soil has been washed away.最上面的土壤已經(jīng)補(bǔ)沖走了。
At last he returned to his native soil.他終于回到了故土。
（2）earth作“泥土”解時(shí)，與soil同義。另外，它還可以表示“地球”，相對(duì)于“天空”而言。
The rain sinks into the earth/soil.雨水滲進(jìn)泥土中。
（3）ground指“地面”，“地表”。
The boy fell to the ground.那男孩倒在地上。
（4）field 指“田地”，“原野”，“場(chǎng)地”。
Who is the man working in the field? 地里干活的人是誰(shuí)？
（5）land作“陸地”解，相對(duì)于“大海”而言，也可以指“土地”、“國(guó)土”等。
We will go there by land. 我們將由陸路去那兒。
2．such as, such…as…
(1)such as 是短語(yǔ)連詞，意為“諸如”，“例如”，引出的是such前面的詞的同位語(yǔ)。如：
John likes to make furniture, such as chairs and tables. 約翰喜歡做家具，如桌子和椅子之類。
（2）such…as…意為“像……那樣的”，“如……之類的”。such之后可跟可數(shù)名詞，也可跟不可數(shù)名詞。名詞前還可以加其他形容詞作修飾語(yǔ)。as 是關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，as 常在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。如：
I want to buy such books as are about science and technology. 我想買有關(guān)科技方面的書(shū)。（as 在從句中作主語(yǔ)）
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. 不要讀你看不懂的書(shū)。（as 在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）
Such books as this are too difficult to beginners. 這樣的書(shū)對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)大難了。（as 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)省略的從句：as this (is), as 在從句中作表語(yǔ)）
3．especially(especial),specially(special)和particularly
(1) especial 為形容詞，它的“特別”是不同于普通的，有“主要的”，“突出的”的意思。其副詞為especially，反義詞為ordinary。如：
It’s a matter of especial importance. 這是一件特別重要的事情。
I feel especially interested in the project. 我對(duì)這個(gè)方案特別感興趣。
（2）special的“特別”是不同于一般的，有“特殊的”，“專門的”意思。其反義詞為
general,副詞為specially。如：
They went to Paris on a special plane.他們乘專機(jī)去巴黎。
I came here specially to ask you for advice.我是專程來(lái)這里向你請(qǐng)教的。
（3）particularly意為“尤其”，“特別”，“格外地”。通常指以不尋常的方式突出某一事物的個(gè)性或獨(dú)特之處。它常與especially換用，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)“與眾不同”。如：
These books will be particularly helpful to those who wish to improve spoken English.這些書(shū)對(duì)那些希望提高自己英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)水平的人來(lái)說(shuō)特別有用。
4．start to do sth..和start doing sth.
一般情況下，兩者可以互換。如：
He started learning /to learn English when he was only three. 他在只有三歲的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)了。
但在下列三種情況下，只能用start to do sth.
(1)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是物而不是人時(shí)。如：
The ice started to melt.冰開(kāi)始融化。
（2）當(dāng)start用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如：
She is starting to cook the dinner.她開(kāi)始做飯。
（3）當(dāng)start 后面的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指心理狀態(tài)或精神活動(dòng)（即表示想法、意見(jiàn)等的詞，如think, realize, wonder, understand等）時(shí)。如：
She started to wonder who had done it .她開(kāi)始想是誰(shuí)做了這件事。
5．a(chǎn)s well as , not only…but also…
兩者都有“不但……而且”的意思，但側(cè)重點(diǎn)有所不同。as well as 強(qiáng)調(diào)前面部分，而not only…but also強(qiáng)調(diào)的是but also的部分，即：A as well as B = not only B but also A。如：
He can speak French as well as English.他不僅會(huì)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，還會(huì)說(shuō)法語(yǔ)。
6．try to do sth.和 try doing sth.
(1)try to do 意為“努力，企圖做某事”。如：
You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。
（2）try doing 意為“試驗(yàn)，試著做某事”。如：
I tried gardening but didn’t succeed.我試著種果木花卉，但未成功。
7．keep, raise
(1)keep表示“飼養(yǎng)”（動(dòng)物）。如：
My uncle keeps pigs and hens.我叔叔養(yǎng)豬養(yǎng)雞。
（2）raise除了表示“飼養(yǎng)”（動(dòng)物）外，還可以表示“養(yǎng)育”（子女）。如：
It was said that the Chinese first raised silkworms.據(jù)說(shuō)，是中國(guó)人最早養(yǎng)蠶的。
He raised some flowers in the back garden.他在后園里種了一些花。
She has raised five children.她養(yǎng)育了五個(gè)子女。
8.deep, deeply
deep多指時(shí)、空深度，而且deeply較多地用于喻義，多指情感上的深厚程度或強(qiáng)烈程度。如：
Petroleum lies deep in the earth.石油存在于土壤深處。
The geologist went deep into the jungle.那個(gè)地質(zhì)學(xué)者到了叢林深處。
I went on reading deep into the night.我繼續(xù)讀書(shū)直到深夜。
He was deeply interested in the research.他對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究非常感興趣。
What he said hurt her deeply.他說(shuō)的話深深傷害了她。
9．year by year, year after year
(1)year by year 表示每年都有所變化。如：
I grow taller year by year.我一年年長(zhǎng)高。
（2）year after year表示一年年一成不變。如：
The flowers remain the same year after year while people change year by year .年年歲歲相似，歲歲年年人不同。
10. contain vt.“包含；含有；容納”側(cè)重包含的內(nèi)容和成分。
include vt.“包括；列入”側(cè)重范圍或整體。
eg.
This book contains all the information you need.
這本書(shū)包含了你所需要的所有信息。
Sea water contains salt.海水含有鹽。
Our ten-city tour included a visit to London.
我們“十城游”包括參觀倫敦。
試題：
This book ____ forty maps, _____ three of Great Britain.
A. contains; includes B. is containing; including
C.includes; contains D. contains; including
解析 contain作“含有”講，不能用于進(jìn)行時(shí)，This book中含有40幅地圖，側(cè)重的是內(nèi)容；又因?yàn)閕ncluding為介詞，常位于句尾。所以答案為D
答案 D
試題
改錯(cuò)：Their diet includes a lot of fat.他們的食物含有脂肪。
應(yīng)改為：Their diet contains a lot of fat.
11.discover（客觀存在但以前不為人所知的事物的）“發(fā)現(xiàn)”
invent（原來(lái)不存在的東西的）“發(fā)明”
find發(fā)現(xiàn)或找到自己所需要的或丟失的東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。
uncover揭發(fā)；揭露；揭開(kāi)
試題：
Gibert _____ electricity, but Edison ___the light bulb.
A. discovered ; found B.discovered ; invented
C. invented ; discovered D. discovered ; invented
解析 第一空應(yīng)為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；第二空應(yīng)為“發(fā)明”所以正確答案為B
答案 B
12.all 可接單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞,專有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞
whole 通常接單數(shù)名詞，有時(shí)接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但不能接不可數(shù)名詞。
有其他限定詞時(shí)，其順序是：“all + the ( this, his …) + n”
試題：
When they arrived, _____ village turned out to welcome them.
A. all B. whole C.the whole D. The whole
答案 C
課文難點(diǎn)解析
（1）Although China is a very big country, only 7% of the land can be used for farming. 雖然中國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，但是只有7%的土地能用于耕作。
1）Although“雖然，盡管”引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。與though相同。
注意：
although…but（錯(cuò)）
although…yet sb.…（對(duì)）
although…sb. still…（對(duì)）
eg. Although ( Though ) he worked hard, yet he failed.
Although ( Though ) he worked hard, he still failed.
雖然他很努力，但還是失敗了。
試題：
Although he is considered a great writer, ________.
A. his works are not widely read
B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read
D. still his works are not widely read
解析 B，C是錯(cuò)誤搭配。D句為否定，常不用still.
答案 A
2) use for意為“作…用”。
eg.
We used the seal’s for coats.我們用海豹皮作大衣。
Castor oil is used for medicine.蓖麻油可作藥用。
It can also be used for food.它也可作食用。
（2） It is on this arable land that the farmers produce food for the whole population for China.
就是在這樣少的耕地上農(nóng)民為全國(guó)的人生產(chǎn)糧食。
It is /was +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that ( who ) …這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型是中學(xué)階段所學(xué)的極其重要的句型之一，也是高考測(cè)試的重點(diǎn)和熱點(diǎn)之一。在運(yùn)用中其使用率也較高，因此，對(duì)此結(jié)構(gòu)必須引起高度重視。概括起來(lái)，應(yīng)注意以下幾個(gè)方面：
1）掌握該句型的關(guān)鍵在于把握強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，即去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句式結(jié)構(gòu)或經(jīng)過(guò)語(yǔ)序相應(yīng)調(diào)整后，原句仍成立。
eg. It was because he was ill that he did not come to see you.
他是因?yàn)椴×藳](méi)能來(lái)見(jiàn)你。
去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的句式結(jié)構(gòu)It was…that…后，原句仍然成立。
2）注意謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)一致性。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分的人稱和數(shù)一致。
eg. It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.
是瑪麗和湯姆常常做好事。
3)注意who和that的選用。在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人，可以用關(guān)系代詞who或 that；若被強(qiáng)調(diào)的是狀語(yǔ)，只能用that不能用when和where.
eg. It was during the years 533～544 that Jia Sixie wrote a book called Qi Min Yao Shu.
在公元533～544年期間，賈思勰寫了一本名《齊民要術(shù)》的書(shū)。
（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
4）注意區(qū)分含有“Not until…”的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)和強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。Not until用于句首時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)通常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。如果是復(fù)合句，主句用倒裝語(yǔ)序。但在It is / was not until…that…句型中，that后的主謂不倒裝。
試題：
It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.
A. while B. which C. that D. since
答案 C（句子的主、謂不倒裝）
5）注意：該句型一般不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型通常強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)，一般不強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。需要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，須在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形前面加上助動(dòng)詞do, does或did.
eg. You mean it looks strange! I’ll tell you something that does sound strange .
你的意思是說(shuō)很奇怪！我將告訴你一件很奇怪的事。
6）注意與“It is / was …that-clause”主語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與it作形式主語(yǔ)，that從句作真正主語(yǔ)的句型十分相似，但主語(yǔ)從句中It is / was 后通常用名詞或形容詞作表語(yǔ)。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中It is / was 后是對(duì)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)的強(qiáng)調(diào)成分。
試題：
＿＿ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There B. This C. That D. It
解析 It作形式主語(yǔ)，名詞fact作表語(yǔ)，that English is…作真正主語(yǔ)，故選D。
答案 D
（3）Not only food production is important but also taking care of the environment.
不僅糧食生產(chǎn)很重要，而且保護(hù)環(huán)境也很重要。
Today, many vegetables are not grown in gardens but in greenhouses.
今天，許多蔬菜不是在園地里種植生長(zhǎng)的，而是在溫室里。
no…but…不是…而是…
not only…but（also）…不但…而且…
eg.
Shakespear was not a musician but a writer.
莎士比亞不是音樂(lè)家而是作家。
Shakespear was not only a writer but（also）an actor.
莎士比亞不但是作家而且還是個(gè)演員。
連接并列成分作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。
試題：
Not the wonderful views but the warmth of the host ____ moved us all.
A. has B. have C. was D. are
解析 根據(jù)就近一致的原則，空白處的動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與the warmth一致，即用單數(shù)；又因?yàn)閙ove為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“使…感動(dòng)”，表示主動(dòng)，故答案A。
答案 A
（4）The temperature is controlled with computers, or kept the same, no matter how the weather is outside.
氣溫是由電腦來(lái)控制的，無(wú)論外面的天氣情況怎么樣，氣溫都保持一樣。
…no matter how the weather is outside是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。
No matter + 疑問(wèn)詞（what, when, where, how, …）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“不管”，“無(wú)論”＝疑問(wèn)詞＋ever（whatever, whoever, whenever, however…）
但“no matter＋疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句，不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句；而“疑問(wèn)詞＋ever”可用來(lái)引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句或賓語(yǔ)從句。
eg.
NO matter what he says, I won’t believe.
不管他說(shuō)什么，我都不想信他。
No matter who knocks, don’t open the door.
不管誰(shuí)敲門，都不要開(kāi)。
No matter how you travel it’ll take you at least two days.
無(wú)論你用什么方式旅行，至少要兩天的時(shí)間。
試題：
1)._____ far away you are, you are always in our thoughts.
A. Even though B. No matter what
C. No matter how D. In spite of
答案 C
2) No matter ___ you have time or not, you must deliver these clothes today.
A． if B. whether C. when D. how
答案 B
（5）In 1993,a kind of tomato was developed that was very different from any grown before. It was developed using a technique known as GM.
1993年，研制出一種完全不同于以前任何品種的西紅柿。這種西紅柿是運(yùn)用一種稱為GM的技術(shù)研制出來(lái)的。
1）…that was very different from any grown before 是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾a kind of tomato.
●be different from…不同于…；與…不同
eg. American English is different from British English in some ways.美國(guó)英語(yǔ)在某些方面不同于英國(guó)英語(yǔ)。
2）…using a technique known as GM.現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作方式狀語(yǔ)；其中known as GM為過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾a technique
be known as…被稱為，人們稱作，是有名的
be known for…因…而出名
be known to…為…所知…
eg.
Today he is well known as a famous leader.
今天，他被稱為一位著名的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。
The first tomb, known as ChangLing, was built at the beginning of the 15th century.
第一座墓叫做長(zhǎng)陵，是十五世紀(jì)初修建。
Guilin is known for its beautiful sceneries.
桂林因風(fēng)景優(yōu)美而出名。
The use of gunpowder was known to the Chinese before the Europeans.
中國(guó)人懂得應(yīng)用火藥在歐洲人之前。
（6）He spent his time on research into agriculture.
他把時(shí)間用在農(nóng)業(yè)研究上。
1）spend…on…在…在…花費(fèi)
eg. She spent a lot of money on clothes.
她在穿衣上花了很多錢。
2）research into對(duì)…進(jìn)行研究
eg. The doctor carried out a research into healthy food.
這位大夫?qū)】凳称愤M(jìn)行了研究。………
注意：
sb. spend money（time）on sth./（in）doing sth.
sb. pay（money）for sth.
sth. cost sb. money
It takes（sb.）some time to do sth.
（7）It is good to grow different plants next to each other in the same field.在同一塊田地里間種不同的植物是有益處的。
●It + be + adj / n + ( for sb.) to do sth.
其中It是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是后面的不定式或不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。
eg.
It is difficult to understand what she’s talking about.
很難理解她談話的內(nèi)容。
It’s my duty to help you when you are in trouble.
你有困難時(shí)幫助你是我的責(zé)任。
It’s difficult for us to work out the problem.
對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)，解出這道題是很難的。
在本句型中，不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)通常是“for sb. to do sth.”但也有用“of sb. to do”
此時(shí)則表示對(duì)某人或某事的稱贊或責(zé)備；of后的sb.與形容詞有邏輯上的系表關(guān)系，這時(shí)形容詞常為人品形容詞。
eg. It’s kind of you to invite me to the party.承蒙邀請(qǐng)，不勝感激。
（相當(dāng)于You are kind to invite me to the party.）
It’s silly of you to ask such questions.你提出這類問(wèn)題，實(shí)在太蠢了。
（相當(dāng)于You are silly to ask such questions.）
語(yǔ)法聚焦
強(qiáng)調(diào)是人們?cè)诮浑H中為了有效地交流思想，突出重要內(nèi)容所運(yùn)用的一種手段。英語(yǔ)中強(qiáng)調(diào)的手段多種多樣。口語(yǔ)中可以利用語(yǔ)音手段，借助重讀和語(yǔ)調(diào)的變化，突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的某一個(gè)詞或成分。在書(shū)面語(yǔ)言中，可以利用語(yǔ)法手段、詞匯手段和修飾手段突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的某個(gè)部分。
1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的形式
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：“It is (was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+原句剩余部分”
比較下列各句：
It was John who/that bought an old bike yesterday in a marketplace.是約翰昨天在市場(chǎng)上買了輛舊自行車。（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)）
It was an old bike that John bought yesterday in a marketplace.昨天約翰在市場(chǎng)買的是輛舊自行車。（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)）
It was yesterday that John bought an old bike in a marketplace.約翰是昨天在市場(chǎng)上買了輛舊自行車。（強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）
It was in a marketplace that John bought an old bike yesterday. 約翰是在市場(chǎng)上昨天買了輛舊自行車。（強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）
2.使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)
（1）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等。不強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)，若要強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)用助動(dòng)詞do。
（2）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的連接詞that 不能省去，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是人或者賓語(yǔ)是人時(shí)可以用who, whom代替that, 且who, whom 也不能省去，其余成分均用that.
（3）連詞that, who ,whom 后的動(dòng)詞要與前面被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的名詞或代詞（即原名中的主語(yǔ)）的人稱保持一致。
（4）強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的時(shí)態(tài)一般只用兩種，即一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)，若原句的動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)及過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，就用It was + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+原句剩余部分。若原句的動(dòng)詞是其他時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，使用it is + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分+that+原句剩余部分。
（5）此句型可以用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)以及because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)。不能強(qiáng)調(diào)以as, since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)及although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。通常不強(qiáng)調(diào)系動(dòng)詞be的的表語(yǔ)，但有時(shí)可以強(qiáng)調(diào)其他系動(dòng)詞后的表語(yǔ)。如：
It is for helping the people in disaster area that Meimei has contributed her money given to her as lunar New Year gift.
梅梅是為了幫助災(zāi)區(qū)人們而捐獻(xiàn)出她的壓歲錢。
It is was because he didn’t pass the exam that his father gave him a good beating .
是因?yàn)榭荚嚥患案袼职职阉创蛞活D。
It is a novelist that he has become .他已經(jīng)成了小說(shuō)家。
（6）可以強(qiáng)調(diào)以not…until…引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
我們用“It was (is) not until + 被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分 + that + 原句剩余部分”句型表示“是直到……才……”。如：
He and the other doctors did not leave until the operation was over.他和其他醫(yī)生等手術(shù)做完后才離開(kāi)。
=It was not until the operation was over that he and the other doctors left.
注：在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中只用until，不用till，由于that前已有否定詞not，故that 后的句子用肯定式。如：
I won’t believe you until I’ve seen you in the jar with my own eyes.直到我親眼看你在壇子里，我才相信你的話。
=It is not until I’ve seen you in the jar with my own eyes that I will believe you.
也可以用下面的倒裝句型來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)以not until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Not until +時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（或人句）+助動(dòng)詞did +主謂。如：
Jack’s father didn’t buy him a computer until he went to college.直到杰克上大學(xué)爸爸才給他買了臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)。
=It was not until he went to college that Jack’s father bought him a computer.
=Until he went to college did Jack’s father buy him a computer.
3．強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的判斷
雖然，“It is +被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 + that +原句剩余部分”從形式上與“It is +表語(yǔ)+that+從句“的名詞性從句相似，但其結(jié)構(gòu)不一樣。在后面的名詞性從句中，句子成分完整，而在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，that后面的句子成分不完整，所缺部分正是that前被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分。依此，只要將兩句型中that 前的表語(yǔ)部分置入that后的句中，若能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整無(wú)誤的句子，便是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則為名詞性從句。
4．也可以將兩句型中的It is(was)及that 全部省去，若剩余的部分可以組成一個(gè)完整的句子，便是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則為名詞性從句。如：
It was his best suit that Steven wore to the dance last night.
將his best suit置入that 之后的句中，可以組成Steven wore his best suit to the dance last night 表示“史蒂文昨晚穿著他最好的衣服跳舞。”
同樣，去掉原句中的It was 及that 后剩余部分也可以組成上述句子由此得出本句強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。如：
It’s clear that he is round and tall like a tree. 它像一棵樹(shù)一樣又圓又高是顯而易見(jiàn)的。
將clear置于that后面的句中已不成句，同樣，去掉It’s 及that 后也不成句，故本句是名詞性從句。
時(shí)尚口語(yǔ)交際
在人們的日常生活中，彼此都會(huì)表達(dá)各自的意愿和希望。下面是表達(dá)意愿和希望的英語(yǔ)常用結(jié)構(gòu)、使用說(shuō)明和例句。
1．I’m going to …表示計(jì)劃、打算、準(zhǔn)備去干某事，事先有考慮。
I’m going to see a film.我打算去看電影。
2．I will…表示愿意、自愿去干某事。
I will write a letter to a friend in Beijing.我要給我北京的朋友寫封信。
3．I intend to…，I mean to…，I plan to…表示打算、計(jì)劃去干某事。
I intend to visit a friend.我打算去看一位朋友。
I mean to wait.我打算等一等。
I plan to travel in Europe this summer.今年夏天我計(jì)劃到歐洲旅游。
4. I’d like to…,I feel like…,I’m ready to…強(qiáng)調(diào)想要、樂(lè)意干某事。
I’d like=would like/feel like+ doing
I’d like to stay home doing my homework. 我想呆在家里做作業(yè)。
I feel like going out for a walk.我想出動(dòng)散步。
I’m ready to visit my uncle.我準(zhǔn)備去看望我叔叔。
5．I want to… 表意愿和欲望，語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)烈。
I hope to…表希望做某事，語(yǔ)氣較委婉。
I wish to…表不能達(dá)到的愿望，也指愿意做某事。
I want to go to college.我想上大學(xué)。
I hope to be a teacher.我希望當(dāng)個(gè)教師。
I wish to see you. 我想看你。
6．I would rather not do…，I don’t feel like doing…當(dāng)別人邀請(qǐng)你一道做某事而你又不太愿意時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣較委婉。
I would rather not tell you. 我寧愿不告訴你。
I don’t feel like going swimming today.我今天不想去游泳。
7．I hope that…表希望實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性小。
I hope that you will visit China next year.我希望你明年來(lái)訪問(wèn)中國(guó)。
I wish that I knew the latest news. 但愿我知道最新消息。
典型例題
【例1】我覺(jué)得難以與他相處。
誤：I find to get along with him difficult.
正：I find it difficult to get along with him.
精析 find, feel, think, consider等動(dòng)詞的一個(gè)共同用法是：當(dāng)復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)＋補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)）中的賓語(yǔ)不是名詞或代詞而是不定式或從句時(shí)，通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式或從句）放在補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的后面。
【例2】天氣夠暖和的，我們可以游泳了。
誤：It is enough warm for us to go swimming now.
正：It is warm enough for us to go swimming now.
精析 enough做程度副詞時(shí)，應(yīng)位于所修飾或說(shuō)明的形容詞和副詞之后。
【例3】快點(diǎn)，他們過(guò)五分鐘就要出發(fā)了。
誤：Hurry up!They are about to start in five minutes.
正：Hurry up! They are going to start in five minutes.
精析 be about to 表示“正準(zhǔn)備要”，表示將來(lái)，但不能與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，要把be about to 改為be going to , be going to可指計(jì)劃、打算做某事，可以與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
【例4】你是怎樣與他取得聯(lián)系的？
誤：How did you keep in touch with him?
正：How did you get in touch with him?
精析 在not…until結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。誤句中的work是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)改為begin/start to work.
【例5】直到下午四點(diǎn)鐘，它才開(kāi)始工作。
誤：She didn’t work until four o’clock in the afternoon.
正：She didn’t begin to work until four o’clock in the afternoon.
精析 在not …until結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。誤句中的work是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，故應(yīng)改為begin/start to work
【例6】她沒(méi)來(lái)學(xué)校的原因是因?yàn)樗×恕?/p>
誤：The reason why she didn’t come to school is because she was ill.
正：The reason why she didn’t come to school is that she was ill.
精析 the reason后的表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)，不能用because, because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句只用于This/That/It is because…句型中。