科 目：英 語(yǔ) 年 級(jí)：高 三 撰 稿：張曉俊 編 審：李俊和 責(zé) 編：張曉俊
【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)
1）permit, hibernate, loose, everyday, standard, silly
2）keep up, show off, keep out, feel like, more than, once every five minutes, lie in , be connected with, make use of
3）have no choice but to do sth.
2．課文掌握程度
通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本單元內(nèi)容，使學(xué)生了解動(dòng)物冬眠的知識(shí)，并培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熱愛動(dòng)物，保護(hù)動(dòng)物的意識(shí)。
3．重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
復(fù)習(xí)復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成法
4．口語(yǔ)交際
學(xué)習(xí)給別人提建議的表達(dá)法
I suggest you see some of our national parks.
Why don't you hire a car and drive around for a couple of weeks?
5．寫作
學(xué)習(xí)寫回信。
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)解析】
1，A good many animals sleep under the snow.
很多動(dòng)物睡在雪下。
a good many 意為"很多"，后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
We've lived here a good many years.
我們?cè)谶@里已經(jīng)住了許多年了。
a great many 和a good many 在意義和用法上基本相同，但前者的語(yǔ)氣較重。
I have a great many things to do today.
今天我有許多事要做。
2，There is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out. 松散的雪里有大量的空氣，這有助于御寒。
keep sb. /sth. out (of…) 意為"不使入內(nèi)，（使）……在外"。如：
Warm clothes will keep the cold out. 保暖的衣服可以御寒。
Keep that cat out of our study.別讓那貓進(jìn)我們的書房。
Danger! Keep out! 危險(xiǎn)！切勿入內(nèi)！
3，Some warm blooded animals, like the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate; they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather. 有些溫血?jiǎng)游铮缲垺⒐泛屠牵恍枰摺Ｋ鼈冞^(guò)著活躍的生活，這使它們即使在嚴(yán)寒的冬天也能保持正常的體溫。
1）句中the cat, the dog, the wolf不是特指某一只貓、狗、狼，而是指貓、狗、狼的整個(gè)類屬，定冠詞在此處表示類別。
The tiger and the lion belong to the cat family. 老虎和獅子屬于貓科。
不定冠詞+單數(shù)名詞和不帶冠詞的復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞都可以表示事物的類別。
The horse is a useful animal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。
A horse is a useful animal. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。
Horses are useful animals. 馬是有用的動(dòng)物。
2）keep up 意為"保持（某種高度，不下降），維持，繼續(xù)"。
Many people keep up this old tradition. 很多人保持這個(gè)舊的傳統(tǒng)。
They promised each other that they would keep up their friendship forever.
他們互相允諾要永遠(yuǎn)保持他們之間的友誼。
4，Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. 于是，它別無(wú)選擇，只好躺下睡覺。
have no choice but to ……意為"除（做）……，別無(wú)他法、非（做）…… 不可，只好……"。but 在此句的意思是"除"，用作介詞，后接不定式。如：
He had no choice but to leave.他非走不可。
I don't have any choice but to do as you tell me. 我除按你所說(shuō)的去做外，沒(méi)有任何別的辦法。
【詞語(yǔ)辨析】
1，weather和climate的區(qū)別
weather意為"天氣"，為不可數(shù)名詞，不能在前面加不定冠詞，如我們只能說(shuō)in such fine weather, 而不能說(shuō)in such a fine weather. 如：
Keep the windows open in fine weather. 天氣晴朗時(shí)，應(yīng)把窗戶打開。
He stays indoors watching TV in wet weather. 下雨天他常待在家里看電視。
The weather has changed.天氣變了。
Many crops depend on the weather. 許多農(nóng)作物要依靠天氣。
【注意】weather 前雖不可加不定冠詞，但在表示"各種各樣的天氣"，或"不論哪種天氣"時(shí)，weather用復(fù)數(shù)。如：
She goes out in all weathers. 不論天氣如何，她總出去。
In most weathers, they work outdoors. 在大多數(shù)天氣條件下，他們?cè)谑彝夤ぷ鳌?/p>
weather與climate都表示天氣，但兩者側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，weather指某特定地區(qū)在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)的氣象情況。climate指一般比較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，如一季的天氣狀況。如：
A drier climate would be good for her health. 氣候較干燥的地區(qū)會(huì)對(duì)她的健康有益。
The climate of Kunming is enjoyable all year round. 昆明的氣候一年四季都令人愉快。
2，foolish，stupid和silly的區(qū)別
1）foolish用于人時(shí)，著重指沒(méi)有頭腦，缺乏智慧或判斷力。用于行為時(shí)，指愚蠢或考慮不周。如：a foolish act。
He was foolish enough to believe her. 他蠢笨到竟然信了她的話。
I thought you had more sense than to do such a foolish thing. 我想你不至于傻到干這種蠢事。
2）stupid用于人或事時(shí)指生性遲鈍或反應(yīng)遲鈍，可用于罵人或責(zé)備。
He was so stupid as to forget his own name. 他笨到連自己的名字也記不起來(lái)。
That's a stupid idea.那是多笨的主意。
3）silly用于人時(shí)，指頭腦簡(jiǎn)單、不懂事，用于言行指"無(wú)聊"。常用于a silly boy, a silly story, a silly question/mistake中。
I am not so silly as you think. 我不是你所想像的那么傻。
Ah, I have done a silly thing. 哎呀，我干了一件傻事。
3，such as與such…as…
1）such as用來(lái)列舉事物，意為"例如"或"象"。如：
Some of the rubbish such as food, paper and iron, rots away over a long period of time.
有些垃圾，如食物、紙張和鐵器，時(shí)間久了才爛掉。
A man such as he will surely succeed. 象他這樣的人肯定會(huì)成功。
Have you seen some fierce animals such as lion, tiger, wolf and so on? 你見過(guò)像獅子、老虎、狼等兇猛動(dòng)物嗎？
You can borrow books of reference, such as dictionaries and handbooks. 你可以借些參考書，如詞典和手冊(cè)之類。
2）such…as… 像……任何的，凡是……的。如：
Such girls as he knew were teachers. 他所認(rèn)識(shí)的女孩子都是老師。
Such bikes as you have are sold out. 像你所有的那種自行車已賣完了。
Take such as you need.你需要多少拿多少。
I will send you such as I have. 我將送給你我有的那種東西。
3）such as后可加不定式，表示"到……的程度"。如：
His words are such as to make his friends angry. 他的話已到了使朋友生氣的程度。
His illness was such as to cause anxiety. 他的病到了使人擔(dān)憂的程度。
4）such as也可后接that引起的從句。
【語(yǔ)法－復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成】
1． 形容詞（數(shù)詞）+名詞+-ed
kind-hearted 好心的 warm-blooded 溫血的
three-legged 三條腿的 one-eyed 一只眼的
2． 形容詞（副詞、名詞）+現(xiàn)在分詞
good-looking tired-looking
man-eating heart-breaking peace-loving kite-flying
3． 名詞（副詞）+過(guò)去分詞
man-made hand-made middle-aged new-born
hard-won newly-made absent-minded
4． 名詞（形容詞）+形容詞
audio-visual duty-free life-long world-famous
5． 數(shù)詞+名詞
ten-year 十年的 two-man 二人的
【能力培養(yǎng)－閱讀理解】
根據(jù)國(guó)家教委考試說(shuō)明，高考閱讀量不少于1000單詞，文章題材、體材多樣化。考察學(xué)生的能力包括對(duì)文章的概括、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意的能力，對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解能力，根據(jù)文章推測(cè)、判斷能力和對(duì)文中某些生詞的判斷力。
通過(guò)觀察高三學(xué)生做閱讀理解練習(xí)，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)高三學(xué)生看懂文章大概內(nèi)容并不難，之所以失分較多，就是對(duì)文章整體、細(xì)節(jié)和問(wèn)題及選項(xiàng)理解的準(zhǔn)確性掌握不好。為了提高答題的準(zhǔn)確性，在平時(shí)的訓(xùn)練中，我們認(rèn)為應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)。
1、首先克服閱讀中的不良習(xí)慣，即通過(guò)翻譯中文理解文章，因?yàn)檫@種翻譯閱讀減慢了閱讀速度，也就打斷了文章整體思路的理解。在閱讀中即使遇到生詞或不理解的句子，可暫時(shí)忽略，也不必特意記細(xì)節(jié)，這樣才能把握住文章的中心意思。
2、遇考察學(xué)生掌握中心思想的這類問(wèn)題，必須依據(jù)全文所提供的信息而非根據(jù)某一細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)選答案。回答這類問(wèn)題，好比人買帽子，不可太大，又不能太小蓋不住腦袋。我們?cè)谶x這類題時(shí)必須選的是能概括，有共性的信息，不可選超越文章的選項(xiàng)，也不可選覆蓋不住文章內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)。
3、在考察學(xué)生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)問(wèn)題的理解上，這時(shí)需要細(xì)讀，必要時(shí)翻譯成中文可能對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)理解更有幫助。考細(xì)節(jié)理解，包括細(xì)讀題干，弄清到底問(wèn)什么，在文中尋找信息，遇關(guān)鍵詞或句可劃線提醒自己注意，然后細(xì)讀選項(xiàng)，避免答非所問(wèn)，切勿脫離文章憑空想象。最后為仔細(xì)比較選項(xiàng)表答上的區(qū)別。
4、考察學(xué)生推理判斷的問(wèn)題，是通過(guò)已知信息來(lái)得出未知結(jié)論，盡管文章中找不到直接答案，在回答問(wèn)題時(shí)必須以文章事實(shí)為依據(jù)，從文章中能找出支持正確答案的句子和段落。
下面以2002年全國(guó)的高考試題閱讀理解文章D為例來(lái)分析：
D
Treasure hunts (尋寶) have excited people's imagination for hundreds of years both in real life and in books such as Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island. Kit Williams, a modern writer, had the idea of combining the real excitement of a treasure hunt with clues (線索) found in a book when he wrote a children's story, Masquerade, in 1979. The book was about a hare, and a month before it came out Williams buried a gold hare in a park in Bedfordshire. The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare, but Williams put in a lot of "red herrings", or false clues, to mislead them.
Ken Roberts, the man who found the hare, had been looking for it for nearly two years. Although he had been searching in the wrong area most of the time, he found it by logic (邏輯), not by luck. His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: "One of Six to Eight" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry Ⅷ's six wives. Even here, however, Williams had succeeded in misleading him. Ken knew that Katherine of Aragon had died at Kimbolton in Cambridgeshire in 1536 and thought that Williams had buried the hare there. He had been digging there for over a year before a new idea occurred to him. He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, and thought that he must have buried the hare in a place he knew well, but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.
Even then his search had not come to an end. It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was wasting his time there. Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th. 1982, he found the treasure. It was worth ￡3000 in the beginning, but the excitement it had caused since its burial made it much more valuable.
67. The underlined word "them"(paragraph 1) refers to _______.
A. red herrings B. treasure hunts
C. Henry Ⅷ's six wives D. readers of Masquerade
68. What is the most important clue in the story to help Ken Roberts find the hare?
A. Two stone crosses in Ampthill.
B. Stevenson's Treasure Island.
C. Katherine of Aragon.
D. Williams' hometown.
69. The stone crosses in Ampthill were built _______.
A. to tell about what happened in 1773
B. to show respect for Henry Ⅷ's first wife
C. to serve as a roadsign in Ampthill Park
D. to inform people where the gold hare was
70. Which of the following describes Robert's logic in searching for the hare?
a. Henry Ⅷ's six wives
b. Katherine's burial place at Kimbolton
c. Williams' childhood in Ampthill
d. Katherine of Aragon
e. stone crosses in Ampthill park
A. a-b-c-e-d B. d-b-c-d-a
C. a-d-b-c-d D. b-a-e-c-d
71. What is the subject discussed in the text?
A. An exciting historical event.
B. A modern treasure hunt.
C. The attraction of Masquerade.
D. The importance of logical thinking.
【答案及簡(jiǎn)析】
67．Ｄ。這是一道詞義猜測(cè)題。它考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文確認(rèn)代詞所指的能力。短文第一段敘述了數(shù)百年來(lái)，尋寶在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和書中都已經(jīng)激發(fā)了人們的想象力。"Masquerade"是一本關(guān)于一只兔子的兒童故事書，在園里埋了一只金兔，書中提供了大量的線索來(lái)幫助讀者找到這只兔子，但Williams同時(shí)也插入了許多引開別人注意的題外話或者假線索來(lái)誤導(dǎo)他們。我們把該段中he wrote a children's story, Masquerade和The book contained a large number of clues to help readers find the hare及Williams put in a lot of "red herrings", or false clues, to mislead them這三處信息綜合考慮，就不難判斷出them在這里指Masquerade一書的讀者，故答案為Ｄ。
68．Ｃ。這是一道事實(shí)詢問(wèn)題。短文第二段敘述了找到這只金兔的Ken Roberts已經(jīng)找了將近兩年。雖然他大部分時(shí)間一直在錯(cuò)誤的地方搜尋，但是他找到這只兔子是靠邏輯，而不是憑運(yùn)氣。我們?cè)俑鶕?jù)該段中所敘述的His success came from the fact that he had gained an important clue at the start. He had realized that the words: "One of Six to Eight" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon可以判斷出，能夠幫助Ken Roberts找到金兔的最重要的線索是Katherine of Aragon，故答案是Ｃ。
69．Ｂ。這是一道綜合分析判斷題。回答此題需要綜合短文第二段中的"One of Six to Eight"under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry Ⅷ's six wives和but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773.這兩處信息。如果理解了in sb's honor和to show respect or thanks for sb.的意思就是"為紀(jì)念某人；向某人表示敬意或感謝"，就不難判斷出最佳答案應(yīng)選Ｂ。
70．Ｃ。這是一道排列順序題。考查學(xué)生的邏輯推理能力。短文第二段中詳細(xì)描述了Ken Roberts尋找金兔的邏輯順序。文中提到Ken Roberts尋找金兔的邏輯順序。文中提到Ken找到金兔的成功來(lái)源于一開始就獲得重要線索的事實(shí)。答題時(shí)應(yīng)先看兩頭做排除，后分析中間定答案。即先根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容確定發(fā)生的第一件事。該段中He had realized that the words: "One of Six to Eight" under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine of Aragon, the first of Henry Ⅷ's six wives. 一句提供的信息是Ken Roberts尋找金兔的邏輯順序首先是Henry Ⅷ's six wives. 應(yīng)是a開頭，有Ａ、Ｃ供選擇。該段中he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773. 一句中的two stone crosses in Ampthill. 則是找到金兔的最后邏輯線索，應(yīng)是結(jié)尾，故最佳答案為Ｃ。
71．Ｂ。這是一道主旨大意題。閱讀短文可知，本篇短文敘述了一次現(xiàn)代尋寶的經(jīng)歷。由短文第一段可知，當(dāng)現(xiàn)代作家Kit Williams于1979年寫一本兒童故事"Masquerade"的時(shí)候，把尋寶這一令人興奮的事情與書中所發(fā)現(xiàn)的線索結(jié)合起來(lái)。這個(gè)珍寶就是Willams在Bedfordshire的一個(gè)公園里所埋的一只金兔，Ken Roberts 這各種邏輯線索，終于找到了埋藏金兔的地點(diǎn)。成功地獲取了珍寶。我們?cè)俑鶕?jù)短文最后一段中Williams encouraged him to continue, and on February 24th 1982, he found the treasure可以判斷出Ｂ為最佳選項(xiàng)。