【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

　1．重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)

　1）greedy, mercy, desire, trial, bless

　2）be in love with, on condition, scold sb. for sth. , have mercy on, read out, take…in one's arms, at the mercy of, play the role of, be seated, take pride in, do the deed

　3）I never knew so young a lady with so wise a head.

　2．課文掌握程度

　通過(guò)對(duì)本單元的學(xué)習(xí)，了解正義終究會(huì)戰(zhàn)勝邪惡，同時(shí)應(yīng)了解到友情、親情是取得成功的必要保障。

　3．重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法

　復(fù)習(xí)不定式的用法。

　4．交際要求　

　就餐時(shí)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)法。

【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解】

　1，At the time of this story, they were all at sea. 在這個(gè)故事發(fā)生的時(shí)候，他的所有船只都在海上。

　這里的be at sea 是"下海，出海"的意思。

　關(guān)于sea的用法小結(jié)：

　1）at sea表示在"茫茫大海上"，意指"離海岸很遠(yuǎn)"。如：

　Now his ships were all at sea. 現(xiàn)在他的船都出海了。

　The ship hit an iceberg and buried at sea. 這條船撞上了冰山葬身海底。

　Several ships were lost at sea owing to the hurricane. 由于颶風(fēng)，好幾艘船在海上失蹤。

　They had first met at sea. 他們?cè)诤Ｉ虾叫袝r(shí)首次見(jiàn)面。

　2）at sea前面加上all或completely時(shí)，引伸為"茫然不知所措"之意。如：

　I'm all at sea. I can't understand that problem. 我簡(jiǎn)直是一片茫然，我無(wú)法理解這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

　He was all at sea when he began his new job. 他開(kāi)始新工作時(shí)，茫然不知所措。

　Would you please explain it again? I'm all at sea. 你是否再解釋一下，我一點(diǎn)也不懂。

　The girl was completely at sea when her mother scolded her. 當(dāng)母親責(zé)怪她時(shí)，她簡(jiǎn)直一片茫然。

　3）請(qǐng)注意by sea與by the sea的區(qū)別，前者表示"經(jīng)海路"，后者表示"在海邊"。

　How did you go there? by train? No, we went there by sea.

　你們?cè)趺吹侥抢锶サ模砍嘶疖?chē)？不，我們乘船去那里。

　The Turners lived by the sea. 特納一家住在海邊。

　4）注意go to the sea與go to sea的區(qū)別，前者意為"去海濱"（度假或野餐），后者表示"去當(dāng)水手"。

　Last Sunday, the students in Class Two went to the sea. 上星期天二班的學(xué)生去海邊玩。

　"I want to go to sea when I grow up." said the boy to his mother. 這小孩對(duì)母親說(shuō)："我長(zhǎng)大了要去當(dāng)水手。"

　2，Bassanio, Antonio's best friend, was in love with Portia, a rich and beautiful lady who also loved him.

　安東尼奧的摯友巴薩尼奧愛(ài)上了一位富有而美麗的女子鮑西婭，而鮑西婭也愛(ài)他。

　be in love with 意為"與……戀愛(ài)，愛(ài)上"。

　He has never been in love with anybody before. 他從來(lái)沒(méi)有愛(ài)上過(guò)誰(shuí)。

　She was in love with the paintings he had painted. 她喜愛(ài)他畫(huà)的畫(huà)。

　短語(yǔ)fall in love with 也是"愛(ài)上"的意思。

　We fell in love with the garden as soon as we saw it. 一看見(jiàn)那個(gè)花園我們就喜愛(ài)上了它。

　3，Have mercy on Antonio, Shylock. Do not be so bitter. 寬恕安東尼奧吧，夏洛克。不要這樣懷恨在心。

　如：Have mercy on me. 寬恕我吧。

　They had no mercy on their prisoners. 他們對(duì)囚犯毫無(wú)憐憫之意。

　He showed mercy to the defeated enemy. 他寬恕了被打敗的敵人。

　4，It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. Don't wait any longer. Pass judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants. 跟夏洛克講理是沒(méi)有用的。別再等待了。對(duì)我宣判吧，把夏洛克想要得到的東西給他。

　但也可以說(shuō)：It is useless to do sth.

　5，This is a most troublesome case. 這是一個(gè)非常麻煩的案子。

　a most troublesome＝a very troublesome，又如：He is a kindest man.

　＝He is a very kind man.／This is a most interesting film.

　＝This is a very interesting film.

　形容詞最高級(jí)前加a與加the含義不同，比較下列句子：

【詞語(yǔ)辨析】

　1，flesh與meat的區(qū)別

　flesh和meat都解釋為肉，但涵義有所不同，flesh指人或動(dòng)物身上的肉，如指食用肉，則專(zhuān)指獸類(lèi)的肉，不包括魚(yú)禽類(lèi)的肉。如：

　Mr Green is losing flesh. 格林先生瘦了。

　Have you ever tasted the flesh of the snake? 你嘗過(guò)蛇肉嗎？

　You should get up early and do some exercise. Otherwise, you'll put on flesh.

　你應(yīng)該早起鍛煉，否則會(huì)發(fā)胖的。

　The Great Wall was made only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.

　長(zhǎng)城不僅是用石頭和泥土砌成，而且是幾百萬(wàn)人的血肉所組成。

　meat指供食用的獸類(lèi)肉，是獸類(lèi)肉的總稱(chēng)，如pork, mutton, beef. 可統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為meat有時(shí)也指植物的肉。如：the 　meat of an apple. 如：

　What kind of meat is it? 這是什么肉。

　I like meat while my brother likes fish. 我喜歡吃肉，而我弟弟喜歡吃魚(yú)。

　注： meat是不可數(shù)名詞，"一塊肉"是a piece of meat. "一磅肉"是a (one) pound of meat. 我們看到的meats是指多種肉。

　2，find與find out的區(qū)別

　find是"偶然或通過(guò)一番經(jīng)歷而發(fā)現(xiàn)"；而find out則指通過(guò)調(diào)查，研究，觀察等查明原因，發(fā)現(xiàn)真相，請(qǐng)比較下列句子。

　I found him dishonest. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)他不誠(chéng)實(shí)。

　As soon as the facts have been found out, we can begin to draw the conclusion.

　一搞清事實(shí)，我們就可以開(kāi)始做結(jié)論。

　I found I had made a mistake. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我出了個(gè)錯(cuò)。

　We have not been able to find out who broken the window. 我們至今還未發(fā)現(xiàn)是誰(shuí)打破了窗子。

　This precious mineral is found in several provinces. 這種貴重的礦物在好幾個(gè)省都有發(fā)現(xiàn)。

　Try to look up the new word in the dictionary to find out its exact meaning.

　要弄清這個(gè)生詞的確切意思還是去查查詞典。

【語(yǔ)法】

1，倍數(shù)的表示方法

　times作“倍數(shù)”解釋時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，用times表示“A是B的幾倍大（或高、長(zhǎng)、寬、深等）”，“A比B大（高、長(zhǎng)、寬、深等）幾倍”，常見(jiàn)的句型如下：

　1）A is three times (four etc) the size (height、length、width、depth、etc) of B.

　The new bridge is four times the width of the old one. 這座新橋是舊橋的四倍寬。

　The meeting room is three times the size of the classroom. 會(huì)議室是教室的三倍大。

　The tower is three times the height of the building. 這塔是那座樓房的三倍高。

　The river is five times the depth of the brook. 這條河是小溪的五倍深。

　2）A is three (four, etc) times as big (high, long, wide, deep, etc) as B. 如：

　Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大。

　This box is three times as heavy as that one. 這個(gè)箱子是那個(gè)箱子的三倍重。

　This new highway is three times as wide as the old one. 新公路是舊公路的三倍寬。

　The classroom is four times as big as our bedroom. 教室是我們寢室的四倍大。

　4）A is three (four, etc) times bigger (higher, longer, wider, etc) than B. 如：

　The meeting room is three times bigger than our office.

會(huì)議室比我們辦公室大三倍，（會(huì)議室是我們辦公室的四倍大）

　Asia is three times larger than Europe. 亞洲比歐洲大三倍。

　注：用times表示倍數(shù)，一般只限于表示包括基數(shù)在內(nèi)三倍或三倍以上的數(shù)，表示兩倍不用two times，而用twice或double，如：

　My income is now double what it was. 我的收入是以前的二倍。

　Now the number of sheep is more than double that of 1980. 現(xiàn)在羊的數(shù)目是一九八○年的兩倍多。

　2，不定式用法歸納

　動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞和副詞的多種特征，它在句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)等成分。

作主語(yǔ)：

To master a foreign language is not easy.

It is a great pleasure to see you.（it是形式主語(yǔ)，to see you是實(shí)際主語(yǔ)）。

作賓語(yǔ)：

Don’t forget to turn off the light when you leave the room.

He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.

作表語(yǔ)：

不定式作表語(yǔ)跟在連系動(dòng)詞之后，用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。例如：

Her wish is to be a teacher.

　　His job is to sweep the floor.

作狀語(yǔ)：

不定式作狀語(yǔ)通常跟在不及物動(dòng)詞或“be＋形容詞”之后，表示目的、原因或結(jié)果等。例如：

I’m glad to see you.(原因)

They ran over to meet a friend.他們跑過(guò)去迎接一個(gè)朋友。（目的）

I went to see him only to find him out. 我去拜訪他，不料發(fā)現(xiàn)他卻出去了。(結(jié)果)

　　They could have done better to have had some tools. 他們要是有些工具，會(huì)干得更好。（條件）

作定語(yǔ)

不定式作定語(yǔ)只能放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞之后，不能放在之前。例如：

I have got something important to tell you.

　　We must find a hotel to stay in tonight.

作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

I encouraged her to play the role of queen in the play. 我鼓勵(lì)她在劇中扮演皇后角色。

I have trained the dogs not to let strangers into the castle.

作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)

帶有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)）的句子改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后，句中原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，原來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)就變成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：

He was seen to enter the laboratory. 有人看見(jiàn)他走進(jìn)了實(shí)驗(yàn)。

（比較：Someone saw him enter the laboratory.）

You are not allowed to go out alone.

作同位語(yǔ)

The order to start the general attack soon came. 進(jìn)行總攻擊的命令很快下達(dá)了。

I had no idea where to hold the meeting.

【例題解析】

　例1，----The light in the Office is still on.

　　　----Oh, I forget ______ .

　A．turning it off B．turn it off

　C．to turn it off D．having turned it off

　【答案】C

　【解析】英語(yǔ)中某些動(dòng)詞后既可以接不定式，又可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但含義不同，常見(jiàn)的有：

　forget to do sth. 忘記要做某事

　forget doing sth. 忘了做過(guò)某事

　remember to do sth. 記住去做某事

　remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事

　regret to do sth. 對(duì)將要做的事表示抱歉

　regret doing sth. 后悔做過(guò)某事

　此外，還有try, stop, mean, go on等。

　例2，We agreed ______ here but so far she hasn't turned up get.

　A．having met

　B．meeting

　C．to meet

　D．to have met

　【答案】C

　【解析】某些動(dòng)詞后只要求跟不定式作它的賓語(yǔ)。例：agree, ask, arrange, choose, dare, decide, demand, expect, fail, hope, long, learn, manage等。

　例3，John was made ______ __the truck for a week as a punishment.

　A．to wash

　B．washing

　C．wash

　D．to be washing

　【答案】A

　【解析】see, watch, look at, feel, notice, observe, hear, listen to等感官動(dòng)詞（或短語(yǔ)）以及使役動(dòng)詞make, have, let跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，但這為類(lèi)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，小品詞"to"一定不可以省略。例如：

　He was made to finish the work in an hour.

　例4，The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.

　A．playing

　B．to be playing

　C．play

　D．to play

　【答案】A

　【解析】當(dāng)see sb. doing sth. 變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，其句型應(yīng)當(dāng)為：sb. be seen doing sth. 即doing不變，不可以換成to be doing的表達(dá)形式。

　例5，Paper produced every year is _____ the world's production of vehicles.（上海98，7）

　A. the three times weight of

　B. three times the weight of

　C. as three times heavy as

　D. three times as heavier as

　【答案】B

　【解析】要把倍數(shù)放在the weight of 前，講解請(qǐng)見(jiàn)本期的語(yǔ)法講解。