【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】
1．重點(diǎn)詞匯、短語(yǔ)、句型
1）unless, do(vi. ), towards
2）argue about, apologize for, shout at sb, ahead of, the rest of…, in that case, burst into, but for…, on the point of…, take charge, so long as, upon one's word
3）leave sb. doing sth.
2．課文掌握程度
能回答課文后問(wèn)題，并復(fù)述課文。
3．重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法
1）Revise the verb tense (the past continuous, the past indefinite, the past perfect)
2）The passive voice
4．口語(yǔ)交際
Learn to say apologies, regrets and responses.
5．寫(xiě)作要求
Write a letter of apology.
【重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)講解】
1，We fixed it. 我們已經(jīng)確定好了。
fix在這里是"確定"的意思。
fix的用法
fix 為及物動(dòng)詞，有多種含義:
1）相當(dāng)于repair, 作"安裝、修理"解。如：
Can you fix TV set? 你能修理電視機(jī)嗎？我們常說(shuō)的"釘釘子"，"固定東西"都是用 fix。
2）fix 可以引申為"確定"，后面常帶的賓語(yǔ)是 a day, the price, the date 等等。如：
Let's fix a day. Would Saturday night suit you?
讓我們定個(gè)日子，你覺(jué)的星期六晚上怎么樣？
They haven't fixed the date for the interview. 他們還沒(méi)有定好采訪的日期。
You should first fix the rent. 你應(yīng)該先定好租金。
3) fix的過(guò)去分詞還可用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。如：
Basic prices are low and fixed. 基礎(chǔ)價(jià)很低而且是確定的。
The date fixed for the meeting was June 會(huì)議的日期定在六月三日。
4）fix one's eyes on 意思是"使（眼睛、注意力等）盯住，專注于……"。如：
She fixed her eyes on the envelope. 她注視著那個(gè)信封。
He fixed his attention on listening to the morning news. 他專注地收聽(tīng)早間新聞。
2，We said we'd check with each other. 我們說(shuō)過(guò)要確認(rèn)的。
check with 的意思是"核對(duì)"。又如：
I want to check with Ames before I sign the papers. 簽文件之前我想與 Ames 核對(duì)一下。
He checked his answers with those at the back of the book.
他把自己的答案與書(shū)后的答案核對(duì)了一下。
3，You don't keep your word. 你不守信用。
keep one's word. 守信。
break one's word 食言。
Kate, you must keep your word! 凱特，你得遵守諾言呀！
I'll keep my word, I'll tell him everything.
我會(huì)守信，我會(huì)將一切告訴他。
If you break your word, he will never trust you again.
你要說(shuō)話不算數(shù)，他就不會(huì)再信任你了。
I am not a man to break my work. 我說(shuō)話算數(shù)。
含有 word 的固定詞組有：
a man of one's word說(shuō)話算話的人
as good as one's word信守諾言，說(shuō)話算數(shù)
eat one's words收回自己的話，承認(rèn)自己說(shuō)錯(cuò)話
have a word/ a few words with sb.和某人說(shuō)幾句話
have words (with sb.)（和某人）爭(zhēng)吵等。如：
I am a man of my word. If I say I will do a thing I will do it.
我說(shuō)話算數(shù)。如果我說(shuō)自己將做某事，我一定會(huì)做的。
We knew she was always as good as her word, so we trusted her.
我們知道她一貫信守諾言，所以我們信任她。
He said that no one could beat him at tennis, but he had to eat his words after losing several games. 他曾說(shuō)沒(méi)有人打網(wǎng)球能勝過(guò)他，但輸了幾場(chǎng)比賽后他只得承認(rèn)自己說(shuō)錯(cuò)了。
I should like to have a word with you. 我想和你談句話。
Jack had words with his girlfriend last night. She said she never wanted to see him again.
昨晚杰克和女友爭(zhēng)吵。她說(shuō)不愿再見(jiàn)他。
4，You just don't consider anyone but yourself.
你只考慮自己，不考慮別人。
句中的but是介詞，作"除去"、"除開(kāi)"（= except）解。多與nobody、nothing、no one等詞連用，but后應(yīng)接人稱代詞的賓格。
No one can do it but Tom. 除了湯姆別人都干不了這件事。
His failure was a surprise to no one but himself.
他的失敗只有他自己感到驚奇。
She doesn't believe anyone but herself. 她只相信自己，不信別人。
but做介詞的用法
介詞 but與 except同義，意為"除……之外" (not including)，常放在any, every, no以及含有這些詞的復(fù)合不定代詞如anybody, anyone, anything , anywhere, everybody, everyone, everything, everywhere, nobody, nothing, nowhere和 no one, none, all 等詞后。例如：
Nobody but Li Lei knew something about the result of the discussion.
除了李雷沒(méi)有別人知道討論的結(jié)果。
He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.
他手提包里沒(méi)有別的什么，只有一本字典。
but 幾乎是唯一可接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)的介詞。注意；當(dāng)句中的主要?jiǎng)釉~是屬于 to do一類動(dòng)詞時(shí)，則 but后面用不帶 to的不定式，即："介詞but前有個(gè)do，后面動(dòng)詞不定式不帶to；介詞but前沒(méi)有do，后面的動(dòng)詞不定式帶to"。例如：
I couldn't do anything but sit there and hope.
除了坐等之外，我毫無(wú)辦法。
Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.
那么它就別無(wú)選擇，只有躺下來(lái)睡覺(jué)。
5，I apologize for being so angry with you.
I apologize for sth./doing sth.. 和 I'm sorry to do/ to have done sth. 都是表示道歉或遺憾的交際用語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槲覀兂３?huì)有考慮不周到的時(shí)候，所以也難免要向人道歉。
對(duì)這種抱歉或遺憾應(yīng)答可以說(shuō)：
That's OK/all right；
Never mind；
That's nothing 等等。如：
A: I apologize for being so rude to you.
(or I'm sorry to be/to have been so rude to you.) 我對(duì)你那么粗魯，向你道歉/真對(duì)不起。
B: That's OK/all right.沒(méi)有關(guān)系。
6，I didn't mean to be so rude. 我并不是有意那么粗魯?shù)摹?/p>
1）mean 在這里面是"有……的意思；打算"的意思。常用于"mean to do"結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為"打算干某事"。比如：
I mean to work harder next time. 下次我一定要更加努力。
I don't mean to disappoint you, but I must tell you the truth.
我并不想讓你失望，但我必須跟你說(shuō)實(shí)話。
2）在"mean sth/doing 從句"結(jié)構(gòu)中，mean 表示"意味著；意思是"。如：
I have no idea what this means.我不知道這個(gè)詞是什么意思。
Missing the train means waiting for an hour. 錯(cuò)過(guò)了火車就意味著要等一個(gè)小時(shí)。
7，Many years ago I walked into a bookstore in Cincinnati in search of some books that I wanted.
很多年前，我走進(jìn)辛辛那提一家書(shū)店，尋找?guī)妆疚蚁胭I的書(shū)。
in search of 是"尋找"的意思。在句子中，In search of some books 作狀語(yǔ)，表示"去書(shū)店"的目的。如：
They started off at once in search of the missing girl.
他們馬上出發(fā)去尋找那個(gè)失蹤的小女孩。
The boys went out in search of something to eat. 男孩子們出去找吃的東西。
8，All the other boys have geography books and they will be ahead of me if I don't get one.
be ahead of 在此處的意思是"比……高、優(yōu)于、超過(guò)"，相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)中的 be better than，如：
We are well ahead of all the other teams at present.目前我們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)勝過(guò)其他各隊(duì)。
另外，ahead of 還可以作"比……早"、"在……的前面"解，常用作狀語(yǔ)。如：
She left one day ahead of us. 她比我們?cè)缫惶祀x開(kāi)。
He was sure there was a great future ahead of me. 他確信我前程遠(yuǎn)大。
9，It'll do just as well.= The old book will be just as useful as the new ones.
do在這里的意思是 be fit or able to be used for a purpose. 適合、可用、行、可以，是不及物動(dòng)詞。又如：
That will do. (=That's enough. ) 那行。
It will do if you let me know in an hour or so. 一小時(shí)左右讓我知道即可。
It won't do to let a child always have its own way. 讓小孩自行其是是不行的。
How would it do for me to write to him? 要我給他寫(xiě)信怎么行？
If you don't have a TV set, a radio will do. 如果你沒(méi)有電視機(jī)，收音機(jī)也湊合。
You may go there by bicycle or by bus. Either way will do.
你可以騎自行車或坐汽車去那兒。任何一種方式都行。
10，F(xiàn)or one moment I thought he was going to burst into tears.
那會(huì)兒，我想他的眼睛就要奪眶而出了。
burst (vi. )原意為爆裂，脹破 (=to break because of force inside)。如：
He watched the bombs bursting in the air. 他觀看炸彈在空中爆炸。
The greedy boy ate till he almost burst. 貪婪的小孩吃到幾乎肚皮脹破。
I put too much air into the bicycle tyre and it burst.
我把自行車輪胎打氣打得太足了，所以車胎爆破了。
burst (vi. )引申意為突發(fā)性的動(dòng)作，作"突然發(fā)生"、"突然發(fā)作"的意思。如：
burst into tears 突然大哭
burst into laughter 捧腹大笑
burst into thunderous applause爆發(fā)出雷鳴般掌聲
burst out laughing捧腹大笑
burst with anger/excitement勃然大怒；突然激動(dòng)
burst into the room闖入房間
11，…the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.
要不是由于船長(zhǎng)的努力，我們連船帶人都會(huì)沉沒(méi)。
短語(yǔ)介詞but for相當(dāng)于without，意為"如果不是……"，but for短語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)虛擬條件句，因此句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：
I would not have succeeded but for your help. （＝If I hadn't had your help, I wouldn't have succeeded.）要不是你的幫助我不會(huì)成功。
But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey. （＝If it hadn't been the rain we should have had a pleasant journey. ）如果不下雨，我們就會(huì)有令人愉快的旅行。
But for your coming, I should have been very lonely. （＝If you hadn't come, I should have been very lonely. ）如果你不來(lái)，我就會(huì)很孤獨(dú)。
12，But after pumping for one whole night, they were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the point of giving up.
但經(jīng)過(guò)一夜抽水這后，他們沒(méi)能戰(zhàn)勝不斷上升的水，他們快要放棄努力了。
be on the point of 表示"正要（去做某事）"意思，相當(dāng)于 be about to do sth. 注意 be on the point of 后面要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞。如：
I was just on the point of going when you came in.我正要出去，這時(shí)你進(jìn)來(lái)了。
We were on the point of telephoning you when your telegram arrived.
我們正準(zhǔn)備給你打電話，這時(shí)你的電話來(lái)了。
【詞語(yǔ)辨析】
1，in the end 與 finally, at last
都表示"最后"的意思，但用法有所不同。
finally 有兩個(gè)用法：一是在列舉事物或論點(diǎn)時(shí)，可用來(lái)引出最后一項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，二是用在句中動(dòng)詞前面，表示"等了好久才……"。如：
We waited and waited, and the train finally arrived. 我們等了又等，火車終于來(lái)了。
at last 也可以用來(lái)表示"等候或耽誤了很多時(shí)間之后才……"，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈，例如：
At last the work was done and he could rest. 最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
in the end 表示經(jīng)過(guò)許多變化，困難和捉摸不定的情況以后，某事才發(fā)生。in the end 相當(dāng)于 at last 的用法和 finally 的第二用法。如：
When a piece of ice is taken into a warm room, it becomes smaller and smaller, until in the end it disappears completely. 一塊冰拿進(jìn)暖和的房間后，它會(huì)變得越來(lái)越小，直到最后完全消融。
2，nearly 和 almost 的區(qū)別
1）almost 和 nearly 在用法上既有相同之處，也有不同點(diǎn)。在單純表示"時(shí)間、程度、進(jìn)度"時(shí)，almost =nearly。例如：
The building is almost completed.
The building is nearly completed.
第一句比第二句更接近于完成。
2）在具體數(shù)字前面常用nearly。例如：
The river is nearly 100 metres wide.
這條河有近百米寬。
The old man is nearly 80 years old.
那位老人年近八十歲。
3）almost 可與no, nothing, none, never等連用，此時(shí)不能用 nearly 代替。例如：
Almost no one believed him.
幾乎無(wú)人相信他的話。
There's almost none left. 幾乎一個(gè)沒(méi)剩。
What he said was almost nothing worth listening to. 他所說(shuō)的話幾乎沒(méi)有價(jià)值。
3，turn to用法小結(jié)
1）turn to在本課意為"（使）變?quot;，相當(dāng)于change to，to為介詞。如：
Blue turns to green when you mix it with yellow.
藍(lán)色調(diào)上黃色就變成了綠色。
The snow turned to rain as we got further down the mountain.
我們走下山來(lái)到更低的地方時(shí)，雪變成雨了。
Where can I turn these pounds to dollars?
在哪兒我可以把英鎊兌換成美元。
The funny dry little stick turned to a beautiful bush after only a season's growth. 一根丑陋的小樹(shù)枝經(jīng)過(guò)一季度時(shí)間就長(zhǎng)成了挺好看的一株灌木。
2）turn to還有"求助于"之意。如：
One can always turn to music for comfort.
人們總是可以從音樂(lè)中尋求安慰的。
Don't hesitate to turn to me if you are in difficulty.
你如有困難，盡管來(lái)找我好了。
She had no one to turn to for advice.
她沒(méi)有一個(gè)可以商量的人。
She didn't know whom to turn to for advice.
她不知道該找誰(shuí)出主意。
3）turn to亦可作"轉(zhuǎn)到"、"轉(zhuǎn)向"、"朝向"解釋。如：
After he left the university, he became a teacher, but later he turned to journalism.
他離開(kāi)大學(xué)后當(dāng)了教師，后來(lái)又轉(zhuǎn)到新聞界。
Now let's turn to another aspect of the problem.
現(xiàn)在我們?cè)僬勥@個(gè)問(wèn)題的另一個(gè)方面。
The conversation turned to the changes that had taken place in the village.
話題轉(zhuǎn)到談村子里發(fā)生的變化。
Rudely, he turned his back to me and refused to say the further.
他很不禮貌地把背對(duì)著我，不愿繼續(xù)說(shuō)下去。
4）turn to還有"翻到（頁(yè)、圖等）"之意
We'll turn back to P102 and start again from there.
我們翻回到102頁(yè)，從那兒重新開(kāi)始。
Please turn to the picture on page 50.
請(qǐng)翻到第50頁(yè)的圖。
5）由turn構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)還有：
turn on打開(kāi)
turn up把（收音機(jī)等）開(kāi)大些，出現(xiàn)，來(lái)（開(kāi)會(huì)，赴約等）
turn down把（收音機(jī)等）關(guān)小一點(diǎn)
turn off關(guān)閉
turn in上交、交出
turn into變成
turn over翻轉(zhuǎn)，翻滾
【語(yǔ)法－while 用法小結(jié)】
1，while作連詞用，意為"只要"，相當(dāng)于 as long as，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。如：
While there is life there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
While you keep it clean, I can lend the book to you.
只要你不把書(shū)弄臟，我可以借給你。
It doesn't matter what you do while you are happy.
只要你高興，干什么都行。
2，while 可表示對(duì)比關(guān)系。如：
Jane was dressed in brown while Mary was in blue.
珍妮穿著褐色衣服而瑪麗卻穿藍(lán)色衣服。
You like sports while I would rather read.
你愛(ài)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)，我愛(ài)看書(shū)。
While their country has plenty of oil ours has none.
他們國(guó)家石油豐富，而我國(guó)卻沒(méi)有。
3，while表示讓步，相當(dāng)于 though 或 although。如：
While I understand what you say, I can't agree with you.
雖然你說(shuō)的我都懂，但我不能同意。
While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don't agree that they can't be solved. 雖然 我承認(rèn)這些問(wèn)題很難，我并不同意我們無(wú)法解決。
While they are my neighbours, I do not know them well.
盡管他們是我的鄰居，我并不多了解他們。
4，while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。需要指出的是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：
Never get on or off the bus while it is moving.
汽車在運(yùn)行時(shí)不要上下車。
He fell asleep while (he was) studying his grammar book.
他在閱讀語(yǔ)法書(shū)的時(shí)候睡著了。
She listened closely while he read.
他讀書(shū)時(shí)她仔細(xì)聽(tīng)著。
【考題精講】
例1，----Nancy is not coming again.
----But she ______ ! （98年高考題）
A．promises
B．promised
C．will promise
D．had promised
【答案】B
【解析】本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)通常要與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，但有時(shí)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可以省去或隱含，需從上下文的語(yǔ)景中推測(cè)。如：I did not know they cost so much. （Lesson 30）很顯然，這是在知道價(jià)格后說(shuō)的。"不知道"是已過(guò)去的事，盡管沒(méi)有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，仍然用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。
本題中一人說(shuō)Nancy不來(lái)了，另一人非常吃驚（用感嘆句），說(shuō)她答應(yīng)過(guò)的。可見(jiàn)promise是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，理所當(dāng)然要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。答案選B。
例2，--I'm going to the post office.
--_____________ you're there, can you get me some stamps? (全國(guó)99年高考題)
A. As
B. While
C. Because
D. If
【答案】B
【解析】連接詞while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（見(jiàn)前面的"while用法小結(jié)"）。意思是"當(dāng)……的時(shí)候"。這句話的意思是"當(dāng)你在那兒的時(shí)候，可不可以給我買一些郵票"。雖然as也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，但是它的意思是"一邊……一邊"，because引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句；if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句，所以正確答案是B。