2. 關于“exam”

take/have one's/an exam 進行考試 hold an exam 舉行考試

pass an exam 通過考試 fail (in) the exam 考試失敗,沒通過考試

take part in an exam 參加考試 give (students ) an exam 考學生

3. more or less

a. 大約 It's an hour's journey, more or less

b.或多或少 Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and America.

4. 與 difficulty 相關的結構

① have some ( much, little, no...) difficulty/ trouble ( in ) doing sth.

② There is/was some ( much, little, no...) difficulty /trouble ( in ) doing sth.

③ It is/ was difficult for sb. to do sth. ④ have difficulty with sth.

He said he had some difficulty/difficulties with his English pronunciation.

5. different的相關句型

be different from 與...不同 be different in 在...方面不同

tell the difference between A and B

① The weather of North China is different ______ that of South China.

② Can you tell us the difference ________ Asian elephants and African elephants?

③ They are quite different ____ character.

7. come 短語

come about : happen How did this accident come about?

come across: a. meet by chance 偶然遇見某人或某物

b. occur to 出現于...中 The thought came across my mind that …

come after : 跟隨,追蹤 The farmer came after the dog with a stick.

come at : 攻擊, 襲擊 If any beast comes at you, I'll stay with you.

come back: 回來come out:

a. appear; become visible The sun / stars come(s) out.

b. become known (消息)傳出, (真相) 大白 When the news came out...

c. be published 出版 When will his new book come out?

come up :

a. ( of seeds, plants, etc) show above the ground. Spring has come; everything comes up.

b. be put forward The question hasn't come up yet.

c. come up to sb. 走近某人 come to oneself :蘇醒過來

come true:實現come on:過來；加油come into being:出現；誕生

① --- When did the company_____________? --- In 1993.

②_____________; I’ll tell you about it.

③ When I looked through the paper, I ________________his name in it.

④ He ________________ smiling to me.

⑤ We have sowed seeds in the fields, but nothing has _____________yet.

⑥ When will your book_____________?

8. 數量詞的表達方式

a. a good / great many students; a good / great many of the students

many students ; many a student a great / large number of

millions of / hundreds of / thousands of dozens of / scores of

b. much; a great deal of; a large amount of

c. lots of / a lot of ; plenty of large quantities of / a large quantity of

9. bring in

bring up: a. ( educate ) b. ( raise ) c. ( throw up)

bring about: 帶來 ( cause to happen ) bring on: 使...前進; 帶來

The hot weather is bringing the wheat on nicely. bring out: take out

① We have ___________ experts to advise on the project.

② This business ___________ 300 million dollars a year.

③ The war_________________ great changes in living.

④ They have ______________ their sons to stand on their own feet.

⑤ They decided to ________________ the matter at the next meeting.

11. in a few days’ time ; in a few days

His birthday is in a week's time/ in a week. His birthday is a week away.

in 與 after 的區別:

① He will be back ________ two days. ② He came back ________ two days.

③ He will be back _______ two o'clock. ④ He came back ________ two o'clock.

12. during / in / within

① In 和 during 都可以表示一段時間，在可以用 in 的地方，一般也可以用 during。但 during 更強調時間的延續性，在表示事態要延續一段時間的名詞前，一般要用 during。如：during the meal。

② In 和 within 在表示時間的長度時，都有“不少于” “不超過”的意思，只是 within 顯得更正式一些。

1. My uncle lives _______ ten minutes’ walk. The president will arrive ______ ten minutes.

2. We’ll be on holiday ___________ July. He was killed ___________ the war.

3. We made a lot of friends _________ our stay in Beijing.

14. Take 短語

take off 起跳; 起飛;除去,脫掉take away 拿去,移動take back

a. 撤銷;收回(所說的話,以承認錯誤或道歉) I took back what I had said.

b. 同意拿回;取回 take down : a. write down寫下,記b. 取下 c. 拆除,拆毀

take out: bring outtake on a. 開始從事 He took on a part-time teaching job in a

middle school. b. 雇用、招收 The factory is taking on more men.

c. 具有（呈現）新的面貌 The land around the lake took on a

different looktake over 接替、接管、繼承

take up a. 提起、拿起 This old tree will have to be taken up by its roots.

b. 占去（時間、空間） That big clock will have to go; it takes up

too much room in the small hall. It can take up a whole afternoon to prepare a meal.

c. 開始從事（某項工作） I hope to take up my new duties as your

chairman at the next meeting.

d. 開始熱衷于（某項活動） When did Jane first take up music?

e. 接受、采納 I’d like to take up your offer of a ride into town.

take sb. / sth. by surprise 突然襲擊、強攻take care 注意、當心

take care of 照顧、負責take charge of 負責take sth. for granted 視為當然

take it easy 放開些、別緊張take place 發生、舉行take the place of 代替

take turns 輪流

19. 并列詞 when 的用法

① be about to do … when... 正準備... 這時(突然)

② be doing … when... 正在做...這 時(突然)

③ be on the point of doing… when…④ had just done … when … 剛剛做

完…就…

I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

I was about to go shopping when some friends dropped in on me.

I was going out when it began to rain.

I was walking in the street when I heard my name called.

14. bank / shore / coast / seaside / beach

bank 指河流或小溪邊沿的陸地；shore指海邊或湖邊靠水的一窄條陸地；coast 指陸地與海面的交接地帶；seaside指近海地區；beach指海灘。

1. We’re spending August at the __________.

2. My house is on the southern _________ of the river.

3. There are a lot of islands off the ________.4. The _______ was crowded with sunbathers.

5. The sailors were warned not to get into trouble while they were on _________.

23. say … to sb. say " Hi" /"Hello" to sb. (give one's regards to sb)

(remember sb. to sb.) say " Good-bye" to sb. say sorry to sb.

say yes to sb. say no to sb. 25.be made from / of / in; be made up of;

be made into; make...out of ; make up for

j The table ________________ wood. k Paper is made _____ wood; that is to

say, wood can be made _____ paper.

l A TV set ____________ hundreds of different parts.

m The machine _______________ this factory works well.

n We should do our best to _________ our lost time.

另外注意以下短語:

make ( good/full) use of; make the best / most of; ( = take advantage of )

make up one's mind

26. through / across

1. 從……通過、穿過 The sunlight was coming through the window.

2. 一直到 I go to work morning through night.

3. 經歷、經受 He has been through a long illness.

4. 從一邊到一邊 We plan to travel through Europe this summer.

5. （進行到底） I’m counting on you to help me through.

1. Look around when you walk _______ the street. She drove straight ________ the town.

2. There is no bridge ________ the river. Water flows ____________ this pipe.

3. The river is 10 metres ___________1. 我們的工作條件多少有些改善。

2. 我們學校下學期將從外省引進一些新教師。3. 你找到那所房子有沒有困難?

4. 通常對于一個孩子來說判斷正誤有些困難。5. 有時候很難說清爭吵是怎樣發生的。

6. 對不起,我不明白你的意思,請再說一遍好嗎? 7. 當你在倫敦見到約翰時,請代我向他問好. 8. 因為惡劣天氣的緣故,飛機沒能按時起飛. 9. 我的一個朋友要出發去上海,明天我將去

車站送他。10. 我正準備離開,這時他來敲門了。11. 當他打開盒子時,除了一張紙外他什么也 沒看見. 12. 臺灣與大陸 ( the main land) 被臺灣海峽 ( the Taiwan Straits) 隔開。