Unit One

1. inspiration

You can’t paint a picture without an inspiration.

The artist’s inspiration was from nature.

inspire inspired inspiring

inspire sb. to do sth.

He is inspired by the sweet words.

He gives us an inspiring speech.

2. undertake

We undertook the task of cleaning the house.

He undertook to finish the job by Friday.

I can’t undertake that you’ll enjoy the party.

3. obvious

Her displeasure was obvious.

obviously

He obviously enjoyed his work.

3. within

The farmhouse is within five miles from here.

The task was within the man’s power.

He promised that the roof should be prepared within two days.

from within --- from under --- from behind ---

4. similar

They have similar political views.

My wife and I have similar tastes in music.

be similar to

His views are similar to mine.

be the same as --- be different form ---

similarity similarly

My brother was taught to read by my mother, and similarly, so was I.

There’s not much similarity between the two brothers.

5. debate

We debated until the bar closed.

I debated whether to accept the job.

debate with sb. on/upon/about sth.

debate sth with sb.

have a debate over/against 辯論反對(duì)

talk about/discuss

6. genius

She has genius.

have a genius for ---

She has a genius for maths.

7. need

The house needs/wants/requires repairing.

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.

There is no use doing sth.

I need to do the work.

*. mind He is the greatest mind of our time.

8. imagination

He is a person of great imagination.

imaginary imaginative

imagine sth./clause

imagine(sb.) doing

imagine sb. to be ---

You can’t imagine how I missed the bird.

8. mind

His mind is not entirely on his work.

An idea has just come into my mind.

out of sight, out of mind

keep sth. in mind

have sth. in mind

change one’s mind

make up one’s mind (keep one’s mind on ---

be engaged in --- be addicted to --- be buried in --- )

9. be known for/as be famous for/as

10. It won’t make any difference to me.

11. on fire on leave/on business/on holiday/on a trip to

catch fire make a fire light a fire start/cause a fire play with fire open fire set fire to sth set sth. on fire

12. in common

have a lot/much/little/nothing in common

in common with --- common mistakes/diseases

13. be prepared for prepare for

14. knowledge

Knowledge is power.

I learned a lot of knowledge from his lesson.

I have a wide/good knowledge of history.

15. There’s no doubt that --- I have no doubt that ---

16. promise promising

make/break/tear up/keep carry out a promise

He is a poet of promise. = He is a promising poet.

promise sb. sth. promise to do/promise sb. to do

I’ve promised her to attend her wedding.

It promises to be fine tomorrow.

a promising graduate

graduate from --- in --- 畢業(yè)于某大學(xué)某專業(yè)。

after graduation/after one’s graduation

17. cure

cure sb. of sth. a cure for cancer.

18. hope for the future 對(duì)本來的希望

19. There is much/little/no point in doing ---

There seems no point in doing ---

There happened to be/used to be/must be/might be/can’t be ---

20. work on a new project work out a plan

work at a problem

21. go by Times go by.

Don’t let the chance go by

22. rather You’ve done rather well.

I had a rather hard time./ I had rather a hard time.

It rather surprised me. rather too ---

23. be engaged to sb. be engaged in ---.

I have an engagement at four.

24. in order to/so as to/in order that/so that

25. instead of/instead

26. go on with/to do/doing sth.

27. stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth.

28. dream a dream dream of going abroad

29. a thought came to him a thought struck him.

It occurred to him that he had left his key at home.

at the thought of --- at the sight of ---

deep in thought have no/some thought of

30. seek

seek one’s fortune seek happiness seek one’s advice

They are seeking work.

seek to do (試圖、設(shè)法、企圖做某事)

We sought to change her mind.

seek for (look for) I’m seeking for information.

31. on the one hand --- on the other hand ---

32. turn out (to be)

33. You can’t match him in knowledge of wild plants.

I want a tie that will match this suit.

34. He gave me some sound and practical advice.

35. be used to do be used for

36. usual than usual as usual

37. use up/run up

Their money has been used up. His money has run up.

38. search for look for

39. take measures to do sth. take steps/ action to do sth.

40. realize/come true

41. be satisfied with ---

satisfying satisfactory satisfaction

42. be curious about/to do sth. curiously curiosity

43. What if we are late for class?

44. a solution to ---

45. It’s outside/beyond my power to help you this time.

He lost his power to speech.

He took power last year and is still in power now.

a powerful swimmer

46. take a closer look at --- have a closer look at ---

be close to a close friend

47. describe --- as

give a description of sth. beyond description

48. at one time at a time at the same time

in no time at no time ahead of time on time

in time behind the times for the first time

for the time being kill time take one’s time

48. I was in heaven when I heard the news.

Good heavens! What has happened to him?

49. position

The house has a good position.

get a position/hold a position in the company.

He is a man of high position. a high position in society

What’s your position on this matter?

50. from season to season from house to house

from door to door from mouth to mouth from hand to hand

from generation to generation from village to village.

51. believe in/believe

52. on the other way around

53. punish punishment

He escape punishment.

54. mean doing sth./mean to do sth. meaning

55. come up (with)

He came up with a new suggestion.

The question came up at the meeting.

56. intelligent intelligence

He is a man of high intelligence.

57. prove I’ll prove to you that I’m right.

Your advice proved to be useful.

58. success

have success in --- be successful in ---

successfully succeed in doing ---

The play proved to be a great success.

Unit Two

1. media medium

Money is a medium for buying and selling.

The news media are covering the election thoroughly.

2. one’s opinion on/upon/of --- 某人對(duì)--- 的意見、看法。

What’s your opinion of this matter?

in one’s opinion

3. comparison

make a comparison compare A with/to B

in comparison with compared with/to

by comparison beyond comparison

4. reliable rely rely on sb. to do sth.

Is this information reliable?

5. interview interviewer interviewee

have an interview with sb.

give an interview to sb.

6. face: face the park face south

The difficulty facing us is transportation.

be faced with ---

We are faced with the same problem.

face to face in one’s face in (the)face of

make a face/make faces

7. nosy

I don’t like him, because he is very nosy.

have one’s nose in a book.

nose about/around

9. generous

be generous to sb.

be generous with sth/in doing sth.

a generous meal a generous harvest.

10. positive ; 肯定的，確切的，明確的 negative

She was positive (sure) she had seen him before.

His answer is negative.

11. elect: election elect sb. to be/as

12. rob:

rob sb. of sth. rob sth./sb. robber robbery

13. burn down/burn sth. to the ground

14. beat: (heart) beat fast beat the wings

(waves) beat the shore (rain) beat the window beat sb.

15. go up rise go down fall

raise bring up bring down

His temperature is going up.

16. would rather

would rather (not) do would rather (not) have done

would rather --- than --- I’d rather you came tomorrow.

17. What do you think of --- How do you like/find --- ?

18. have some/much/a lot of/plenty of/ little/no difficulty in doing sth/with sth.

There’s some/lots of /plenty of/ little/ no difficulty in doing sth/ with sth.

get over the difficulty get/run into difficulty in difficulty

out of a difficulty with difficulty without difficulty

19. more than:

There were more than 100 people at the party.

This museum is more than a museum. I have learned a lot in it.

She is more weak than lazy.

20. record:

set/hold/keep/break/beat/a record

He has a fine record at school.

play a record make a record

keep a record/records of sth.

Please keep a record of what was said.

21. experienced:

He is an experienced worker.

be experienced in ---

a person of great experience

22. informed inform information

make informed decisions 做出了解情況的決定

Keep me informed of the latest developments.

a well-informed person.

inform sb. of sth. inform sb. that ---

inform sb. wh- to do

23. relate related two related questions

relate to 和 --- 有關(guān)； 和 --- 相處得好、合得來。

be related to 1.與…有關(guān) 2.與…有親戚關(guān)系

This paragraph relates to the October Revolution.

She's best at relating to people.

She doesn’t relate very well to her step-mother.

They are related to me by marriage.

24. talented adj.有天才的，有天份的 talent

John is a very talented boy.

have a talent for = have a genius for

Writing poetry is one of his many talents.

25. switch roles:

switch of the machine, please.

switch on/off Switch off the machine, please.

He is always switching from one job to another.

26. rather than: 而不是; 與其 --- 寧愿 ---

The color seems green rather than blue.

He left rather than cause trouble.

This is rather for your father than for you.

would rather --- than = prefer to do --- rather than do ---

27. keep sth. balanced keep nature balanced

keep the balance of nature keep one’s balance

lose one’s balance

28. begin by doing --- begin with ---

To begin with (Above all), he’s too young for that kind of job.

29. contact ~ sb.

get into ~ with sb. keep in ~ with sb.

in/out of ~ with sb. come into ~ with sb./sth.

30. prepare: ~ one’s meal, a report, one’s lesson, a speech

~ for --- be ~ed for --- in preparation for ---

make preparations for ---

31. get sb. to do sth. get --- done get + adj. get --- doing.

I’ll get them to finish the work as soon as possible.

Go and get your hair cut. His clothes got dirty.

The lecturer soon got us thinking.

Can you get the clock going again?

32. present vt.

present sth. to sb./present sb. with sth.

They presented flowers to their teachers.

The latest development presents(shows, proves) a problem.

be present (at the meeting)

All the students present are satisfied with the new rules.

Are you clear about the present situation?

33. in an organized way 組織好地 organize organization

a forced smile stricken areas finished products

frozen food cooked food fallen leaves

boiled eggs a trained nurse fried fish polluted rivers

s stolen car

34. reflect reflection

a mirror reflects light The cost reflects the demand.

Study the reflection of light waves.

His smile was a reflection of his happiness.

35. make an/effort(efforts) to do sth.

She made a great effort to recover her health.

spare no effort with (an) effort without effort

He lifted the big rock without effort.

36. even if/though

I’ll stand by you even if/though you don’t succeed.

37. adapt be adapted to ---

adapt sth. to ---

We adapted ourselves to the hot weather.

38. It’s the first time (that) ---

It’s the first time I have come to Beijing.

This/That is the second/third time + clause

This is the second time Joan has visited China.

She was working in a shop as a saleswoman the first time I met her.

Every time he comes, he always brings me a present.

the second time/every time/ next time last time

39. passion熱愛

have a passion for ---

I’ve always have a passion for painting.

40. abroad

be abroad study abroad live abroad

41. unique 獨(dú)一無二

As a writer he has his own unique style.

Van Gogh was a unique painter.

42. spiritual

Our friendship was strictly spiritual.

spiritual life in high/good spirits

in low/bad spirits (out of spirits)

43. fulfillment

After many years, his plans came to fulfillment.

If you make a promise, you should fulfill it.

44. addict addicted be addicted to/addict oneself to

a drug addict 一個(gè)吸毒上癮的人 a work addict

45. social society

The family is a social unit. social problems.

social life social activities/gathering

in society in modern/old society

46. suffer a lot/a great deal (from ---)

若表示“受 --- 之苦”；“因 --- 而不舒服（受到損害）則多用from.

He suffered no pain. The army suffered great losses.

I have suffered poverty.

He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.

I suffered most from lack of rest.

47. truthfully truthfulness truth

truthful (saying what is true)

Tell me truthfully what happened.

She is a truthful child.

To tell you the truth, we don’t have a good opinion of him.

48. ignore ignorant be ignorant of/about --- ignorance

They ignored traffic regulations.

We are not so ignorant as you might suppose.

She was ignorant of my presence. Please forgive my ignorance.

49. attention:

pay attention to catch/attract one’s attention

draw/call/turn one’s attention to fix one’s attention/upon

50. critical critically critic criticize

His critical analysis were helpful. be critical about ---

She looks on everything with a critical eye.

He criticized me in a very unfair way.

Would you please red and criticize my new book?

51. change one’s mind make up one’s mind

keep one’s mind on sth. keep sth. in mind

52. source the source of the Nile.

He had another source of income.

53. current affairs foreign affairs state of affairs.

This view was current in the city.

54. comment on/upon ---

I’d like to hear your comments on his opinion.

make comments on/upon/about ---

55. view: in view out of view come into view

get a view of sth. be lost to one’s view bird’s-eye view

in one’s view/opinion take a view of sth.

point of view/viewpoint What a beautiful view!

56. the rest:

You may have the rest of the pie.

These are mine and the rest are yours.

57. carefully written articles well-made advertisements

highly developed industry well-dressed woman

a badly-lighted room a horse-drawn cart

a powerfully-built man a newly-built building

58. on all sides/one every side

They were trapped---with enemy on all sides.

take one’s side /take the side of sb/ take sides with sb.站在某人一邊

on one’s side side by side by/at one’s side

59. tolerate stand bear put up with

I cant’ tolerate that loud noise.

The school can’t tolerate cheating in the exams.

tolerable (可忍受的) tolerant tolerance

The pain is tolerable.

He is very tolerant towards his neighbors. (寬容的；大度的)

He is a man of great tolerance.

60. retire retired retirement

He retired from the army. My mother is retired now.

After his retirement he went to live in the country.

61. concern (be concerned about/with/for/over ---

concern oneself with/about --- )擔(dān)心，關(guān)心；和--- 有關(guān)、牽涉

The news concerns your sister.

Please don’t’ let my illness concern you.

She is always concerning herself about other people’s business.

He didn’t show much concern about it.

as/so far as --- is concerned 就 --- 來說/而論

It’s impossible as far as we are concerned.

62. awful He died an awful death.

Your grammar is awful. You look awfully well this morning.

63. look up to --- look down on/upon ---

Young children look up to older ones.

I wish you wouldn’t look down this kind of work.

64. bore bored boring

bore sb. to death be bored with/be tired of --- 對(duì) --- 厭煩的

65. fall in love with --- be in love with ---

66. disappoint disappointment to one’s disappointment

disappoint sb. disappointed disappointing

be disappointed to do sth. disappointed look/expression/smile

be disappointed with sb./about/over/at sth.

I’m very disappointed with you.

I’m disappointed at losing the game.

67. attitude:

take a --- attitude to /towards ---

We must take a correct attitude towards others’ opinions.

68. get bored/exited/trapped/caught in/get sun burnt/get injured/get noticed

69. trouble have some trouble/difficulty with sth./in doing sth.

make trouble troublemaker ask/look for trouble

put sb. to the trouble of sth./doing sth.

get into trouble/get sb. into trouble in trouble

70. demonstrate

The firemen demonstrated (showed) great courage in saving the child.

71. arm arm in arm lay down one’s arms take up arms.

be armed with The thief was armed with a knife.

armed soldiers be armed to the teeth.

72. update out of date up to date

out-of-date method bring --- up to date/keep --- up to date

73. make it difficult for sb. to do --- /make it easier for sb. to do ---

make sb. monitor make it a rule to do sth.

make sb. do sth. make sth. /sb. done

make one’s voice heard=make one’s opinions/views know to others

74. responsible and caring citizens

be responsible for --- responsibility

The driver is responsible for the passengers’ safety.

He has a sense of responsibility.

75. sent out (give out) The sun sends out light and heat.

send up send for

76. feature

The story has some unusual features.

77. focus focus on

focus one’s thought on ---

Today we are going to focus on the question of homeless people in London.

He focuses his thought on his study.

78. support ~ one’s theory /opinion

What supports the house?

support sb./one’s family

His parents supported him in the decision.

79. free: You needn’t pay --- --- It’s free.

be free to do sth. be free with ---

During the holidays we are free to do as we like.

He is free with money.

80. agree with agree on agree to

I don’t agree with what you said just now.

The hot dry weather doesn’t agree with me.

Your story agrees with what I have heard.

Unit Three Art and Architecture

1. architecture architect

He likes traditional architecture.

Who’s your favorite architect?

2. prefer preference have a preference for ---

Which do you prefer, the red one or the blue one?

He offered to drive us to the station, but we preferred to walk there.

He preferred being alone during the holidays.

Mother preferred her to stay at school during the weekdays.

She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.

prefer to do rather than do --- = would rather do --- than do ---

prefer to (doing) sth. to (doing) sth.

3. design by design 有意地

be designed to do /for --- （多用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)）目的是，打算給 --- 用

The experiment is designed to test to new drug.

Did you do it by design?

4. furniture a piece/article of furniture

5. sale sell sell out

The sale of his house made him sad.

We’re hoping for a large sale.

for sale on sale

The sales department of a company sales clerk

sales girl sales manager sales tax

6. block a block of wood/ice

The river was blocked.

7. style

The letter was written in a formal style.

He has a strange style of walking.

I like the style of your new coat.

She certainly has style. in style out of style

8. in a hurry hurried hurriedly

have a hurried meal write a few hurried lines

in a hurried manner have a hurried talk

hurry up hurry off

9. stand bear put up with

I won’t stand your treating the child like that.

10. glance ~ at ~ around/round/about

steal a glance at throw a glance at

take a glance at give sb. a glance

The teacher glanced about the classroom.

10. convenient conveniently convenience

I invited her to my place at a convenient time.

It’s ~ for you to walk to school.

at one’s convenience

11. traditional ~ culture ~ practice

in a ~ way

12. example

Give me an ~ of what you mean.

follow/copy one’s example

set an example to sb./ set sb. an example

take --- for example

13. construct construction constructive

It took about two years to construct the big bridge.

He works in the construction industry.

He made some constructive suggestions at the meeting.

under construction/discussion/debate

14. impress impression impressive

impress sth. on sth. impress sth. with sth.

be impressed by/at/with

make/produce/cause/create an/a --- impression

leave an impression on sb.

an impressive book.

15. act as serve as work as act out

He acted as chairman while I was away.

16. fantastic fantasy

Many dreams are fantastic. The story is a fantasy.

17. despite = in spite of

Despite his parents’ objection, he still joined the club.

18. create creation creative creativity

An artist should create beautiful things.

That would create a wrong impression.

The creation of the new playground will do good to the children.

creative ability creative work creative power

The job needs creativity.

19. sail sail south sail up/along the coast

sail for set sail for sailor

20. branch branch stores branch railways

He climbed up the tree and hid among the branches.

21. be filled up with fill up with be full of

22. structure

The teacher then explained to us the difficult words and structures.

The structure of the building was excellent.

23. recognize --- as

I recognized the handwriting as that of my father’s.

24. man-made living environment

a good-looking girl man-eating animals

heart-breaking news paper-making factories

sweet-tasting milk fast-moving machine

tailor-made suits well-cut shirts

a well-informed man snow-covered fields

well-built men hand-made toys

a candle-lighted table a well-know person

a badly-lighted room a horse-drawn cart

25. have/get --- done see/find/notice/bear/watch --- done

keep --- done leave --- done make --- done

She got her bike repaired just now.

I’d like this matter settled at once.

26. space

There isn’t enough space/room for 30 desks in the classroom.

The report takes up a lot of space.

The spaces between the printed words

27. seem to be covered with ---

seem to do/be, seem to be doing seem to have done

She seems to have a high opinion of you.

It seems that she has a high opinion of you.

It seems as if --- It looks as if ---

28. Seen form a distance, the island looked like a cloud.

Given more time, I’ll do it better.

Taken good care of, he got well again.

29. go against be against

I know he is against us. It’ll go against your family to do so.

30. join join in

He joined the two pieces of wood together with nails.

The rivers are joined by a canal.

The two houses join each other.

May I joined in the discussion.

~ the army/the League/the Young Pioneers/us/the club/the society/the revolutionary organization/ the party

31. shelter

Trees are a shelter for the sun.

We gave the old man shelter for the night.

Our need for food, clothing and shelter

32. decorate decoration decorative decorator

We decorated the Christmas tree/the house.

33. keep out (of) keep off

The coat can keep the cold out.

Please keep off that subject.

34. rent a house hire a camera free of rent

a hired girl employ employer employee

35. stick

Put some sticks on the fire. a walking stick.

stick stamps on all the letters.

He stuck a stick into the ground.

The car stuck in the mud.

36. reasonable

My rent is reasonable.

Those are reasonable demands.

37. A to do B what C is to D.

A river is a to a fish what a house is to a man.

38. aid

aid sb. with sth. (help) with the aid of ---

come/go to one’s aid

39. set --- aside 放在一邊，不予理睬

; 取消，（決定、 判決），使失去效用。

Peter set aside the book and began to watch TV.

The decision was set aside.

lay aside 存款， put aside 把--- 放在一邊。

She managed to lay aside 5 dollars every month.

Put this aside for me.

40. A: --- I’ve knocked the door twice, It seems nobody is in.

B: --- Why not try a third time?

41. fit (match) fit on be fit for/to do sth.

The key doesn’t fit the lock.

He will just fit the job.

The dress fitted her perfectly.

You are not fit for the job. fit on the window

42. pull down/tear down/knock down

43. bent roofs be bent on/upon bend down one’s mind to ---

She bent her head and hurried on.

He is bent on making her happy.

He bent his mind to his studies.

44. twenty-foot high walls a ten-minute walk

a five-year-old boy a five-star hotel

ten-metre-wide streets.

45. development

With the development of --- under development

develop an interest in develop one’s body

develop a film/pictures/photos

develop into --- develop from ---

Plants develop from seeds. Seeds develop into plants

46. of different sizes/colors/ages/classes ---

The two coins are of different shapes but of the same color.

47. besides:

I won’t buy this dress. It’s too expensive, besides, I don’t like the style.

He likes swimming besides ball games.

They will all go there besides you two.

48. disturb

I’m sorry to have disturbed you.

He was disturbed to hear of her illness.

A loud whistle disturbed the quietness of the forest.

49. of this kind/that kind

people of this kind=this kind of people

bikes of that kind=that kind of bikes

50. with + O + complement

With everything he needed bought, he drove home.

With many things to buy, he decided to go shopping.

With the child leading the way, we at last found the school.

With many children following him, the teacher came in.

The boy lay on the grass with his eyes looking at the sky.

51. detailed detail in detail

Finally the detailed plan was agreed on.

He gave me a detailed description of the accident.

He gave us the details of the event.

go into details

52. practice in practice practical

Practice makes perfect. put sth. into practice

practise doing sth.

53. once:

He was once a teacher.

Once you understand the rules, you’ll find the game easy to play.

Once in the examination hall, he forgot all about the outside world.

54. He went out to play after he finished his homework.

=He went out to play after finishing his homework.

The papers must be handed in after they are finished.

=The papers must be handed in after being finished.

Give me a call before you come.

=Give me a call before coming.

55. When crossing the street, I was stopped by a policeman.

When caught stealing by the guard, he tried to run away.

Don’t speak until spoken to.

Although regarded as the best student in the school, he remained modest.

When compared with others, he seems a little strange.

When leaving the house, she heard the baby crying.

Once seen, it will never be forgotten.

Unit Four A garden of poems

1. funny fun make fun of

be fond of fun be full of fun for fun in fun

He is learning French for fun.

I’m sorry I hid your book; I only did it in fun.

2. the following examples the examples as follows

the examples below

He follows the old man into the building.

follow sb.’s advice

3. wish hope expect look forward to

wish sb. to do wish sb. + n./ adj.

wish that +虛擬語氣 wish for sth.

hope to do --- hope that ---

hope for sth.

expect sb. to do --- expect that ---

expect sth. /sb. wait for sb.

look forward to n./doing ---

We look forward to seeing you again.

4. whether --- or ---

I’ll do it whether you like it or not.

5. get through

You would wonder how such a large animal could get through such a small hole.

I’ll telephone you when I get through with this pile of papers.

6. 常見的插入語：do you think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose

7. express expression

express one’s opinions/views express oneself

~ buses ~ trains

7. belong to

Does this book belong to you?

8. human feelings a human being/two human beings

human rights human nature man mankind

9. a few times the last time the first time by the time

next time all the time ahead of time at all times

at no time at a time at one time

He was selling vegetables the last time I saw him.

Next time you come in, please close the door behind you.

10. lonely alone loneliness

all alone leave/et sb. alone let alone

The old couple lives in a lonely village.

The little girl went to America alone by plane.

sound/fast asleep wide awake much alike/alive

11. name after by name by the name of in the name of

under the name of

They named the girl Jane after her mother.

I know him only by name.

A boy by the name of David fell off his bike at the school gate.

Let me thank you in the name of us all.

He wrote the novel under the name of Mark.

12. make make oneself + done make myself understood

His joke made all the people present laugh. make sb. +adj.

13. key + n.

The teacher gave some key points of the chapter.

My elder brother graduated form a key university in the north.

The manager is a key man of a company.

The key to success in life lies in hard work.

This is the key to the exercise in Unit 1.

14. remind ~ sb. of sth. ~ sb. to do sth. ~ sb. that ---

call up

15. times It is the fastest computer of modern times.

She didn’t understand the spirit of the times.

in Shakespeare’s time We lived through terrible time.

16. stand out: His red hair made him stand out in the crowd.

17. 將來完成時(shí)：will/shall have done

I will have been here for seven years next February.

The painters say they will have finished the downstairs room by Tuesday.

18. absent absence be absent from be absent in

He is absent from Shanghai. He is absent in Shanghai.

他不在上海。 他不在這里，現(xiàn)在在上海。

19. lead to result in cause

All roads lead to Rome.

These passages led to the rooms inside.

An ordinary cold can soon lead to/cause a fever.

His carelessness led to/result in the accident.

20. close

get close to sb. a close friend a lose game

The post office is close to the railway station.

She lives near the hospital.

Come close. I want to tell you something.

Watch closely!

21. start/begin

He started working hard to improve his English.

But: The ice started to melt.

He was starting to get angry.

I started to understand/see/realize/wonder who had done it.

22. late/later/lately/latest

These apples ripen in late autumn.

He often get up late.

The boy is often later for school than the others.

Half an hour later, she woke up and began to cry.

One new model has lately been developed for business people.

This is the latest news. He was the latest comer.

His suit was cut in the latest style.

23. light up

He lighted up before speaking.

His face lit up when he heard the good news.

lighted candles a light room/light blue

light industry/a light car light heart/light music

24. come into being

25. refer to refer to --- as ---

When I said some people are stupid I wasn’t referring.

This rule refers to everyone.

Don’t refer to your sister as a silly cow.

26. not only --- but also --- & as well as either --- or ---

neither --- nor --- , not --- but ---

Others: no less than, rather than, but, except, besides, together with, including, like along with

27. be popular with

28. audience

The audience was still increasing.

The audience was (were) very excited by the show.

29. dare:

How dare you speak to me like that?

No one dare talk about it.

If the enemy dare come, they will never be able to get away.

There is something wrong with the radio, I dare say.

30. be supposed to do --- should do

You are not supposed to be there.

People under eighteen aren’t supposed to buy alcoholic.

31. Why do sth. Why not do sth.

What about/How about doing sth.

32. even better

much/far/a lot/a great deal better

even/still stronger a little/a bit more beautiful

33. until

They talked on until one o’clock in the morning.

It was not until he came back that I went to bed.

Not until he came back did I go to bed.

34. look up/refer to/turn to But: look up to

You can look up her telephone number in a book.

35. be to do be about to do

A. 常用在通知或注意事項(xiàng)里， 表示“某事應(yīng)當(dāng)或必須如何做”， 相當(dāng)于should do.

The form is to be filled in and returned within three weeks.

B. 表示命令，常用在父母讓子女或上級(jí)要下級(jí)去干某事。

You are to finish your homework before you watch TV.

C. 表示預(yù)先安排好的計(jì)劃或約定。

I’m to meet Mr. Brown at eleven o’clock this morning.

be about to do --- 指的是一個(gè)眼下就要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。因此，不可用表示將來的時(shí)間狀語。

The plane is about to take off.

36. gone/lost/missing

She lived a hard life for ten years because of the lost necklace.

As she looked down, she found her necklace gone.

When he went back home, he found one page of the book missing.

37. day by day/day after day

38. opinion: give one’s opinion on --- in one’s opinion

in the opinion of sb. have a good/high opinion of somebody

39. be worth --- be worthy

The book is worth reading. The book is worth the money.

The problem is worthy of discussion.

The problem is worthy of being discussed.

The problem is worthy to be discussed.

40. recommend: I recommend to follow your doctor’s advice.

I ~ that everyone read the book. I ~ buying a good dictionary.

They ~ ed him for the job.

41. contribute to contribution make a contribution to

~ food and clothing for the poor

He contributed an article to China Daily.

42. take: “需要”

How long does the flight take? It takes two to make a quarrel.

It takes a brave man to do that.

43. gather & collect

gather at the school gate gather the people together

gather flowers gather information

How long did it take you to collect these ancient coins?

Unit Five The British Isles

1. take a picture/photo of sb.

2. as much as you can = as much as possible

? as --- as you can = as --- as possible

as long as as high as as wide as

He can jump as high as 1.8 meters.

Be as kind to her as possible

Some students are spending as much as 200 yuan a month on their cell phones.

3. on Sunday/on New Year’s Eve/on her birthday/on May/on New year’s Day/on the 2nd of July ; on the morning of March 3/ on the evening of June 6.

4. The lawyer will be back after next Tuesday.

He came back after five days.

The lawyer will be back in a few days.

5. agreement:

reach/arrive at/come to an agreement

sign an agreement/tear up the agreement/break an agreement

in agreement with We are in agreement with their decision.

6. consist of be made up of make up

Our dinner consisted of three courses only.

This made up 12% of their total income.

8. I don’t think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose/expect that’s right

I don’t think/believe/guess/imagine/suppose/expect so.

9. advantage & disadvantage

have/gain/win an advantage over sb.

take advantage of --- to one’s advantage = in one’s favor

It is to your advantage to invest wisely.

10. stand for

USA stands for the United States of America.

11. Positive Clause: fact/news/idea/hope/order/thought

I had no idea that you are here.

The order comes that our troop should start once.

The fact that farmers are also paid by the EU for not growing crops surprises many people.

12. make the most of --- make full/good/use of ---

One should always make the most of one’s opportunity.

13. hold together （使）連在一起、團(tuán)結(jié)在一起

We always hold together in times of crisis.

hold up (raise; lift) (擋住)

Hold your hand up if you wish the chairman to recognize you.

A man held me up and took my money.

hold out 堅(jiān)持

We were short of water but could hold out for another day.

hold on stick to

I made my choice and I will hold on to the end.

hold back 阻止 hold on one’s hand 伸出手

hold one’s head high 昂首，趾高氣揚(yáng)

catch/get hold of 抓住 hold one’s breath 屏息

hold the line 別掛斷電話

14. lie off the coast 15. part of & a part of

16. surround: be surrounded by ---

The police surrounded the house.

Britain is surrounded by sea.

They surrounded the temple with a high wall.

surrounding He lives somewhere in the surrounding area.

surroundings The surroundings are pleasant.

17. throughout/all over/ all through

By the end of February schools are opened throughout the country.

It rained throughout the night. He got wet all over.

18. run over The car ran him over, but he is not seriously hurt.

The speaker ran over his notes before the lecture.

The cup was full and the water in it was running over.

run out (of) run short (of)

We are running out of milk and bread.

19. consider ~ doing sth. ~ what to do

~ sb. to be/as --- regard sb. as --- treat sb. as ---

take sb. as --- think of sb. as --- look on sb. as ---

20. be of great value

Sports and games can be of great value, especially to people who work with their brains most of the day. The two balls are of a size.

This question so of great interest to the students.

I’m very glad to have been of any help to you.

China is of the Third World. These recorders are of good quality.

21. value:

His ideas have little value. I value the house at $ 9500.

I value you proposal very much.

22. on the basis of --- the basis of his argument.

23. have a bad effect/influence on ---

24. generally speaking/judging from\by/talking of /considering --- seeing that/given --- 都不考慮各邏輯主語的關(guān)系。

Given their inexperience (that they inexperienced), they have done a good job.

25. stop/prevent/keep --- from doing ---

26. die of/from ---

27. own: I saw it with my own eyes.

This house is my own. He has owned the house for 40 years.

He got the job on his own. They have no children of our own.

28. production: production line produce

The factory was built for the production of cars.

a fall/an increase in production

America produced more cars this year than last year.

Can you produce any proof of your nationality?

29. raise: raise money raise our children

raise chickens and corn. raise one’s hand

May I raise a question?

30. research do research on sth/carry out researches into sth.

31. as far as as/so long as

He walked as far as the village where lived.

As far as I know he is from America.

You can play as long as you finish you homework first.

32. also/too/either/as well/as well as

33. There were the ruins of an ancient building.

Our plan is in ruins. fall into runs

34. height high highly

It has a height of 3,000 meters. It is 3,000 meters in height.

It is 3,000 meters high. He can jump very high.

The teacher speaks highly of the student.

35. doubt: no doubt/no wonder beyond/without doubt

I doubt whether it is reasonable.

There is a doubt whether it is reasonable.

There is no doubt at all about it.

36. large amounts of/large quantities of --- 后無論跟什么樣的名詞，做主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞都得用復(fù)數(shù)。

Large quantities of water are left.

37. only a few/only a little

38. a great many of the /those/your friends

but: a great many students.

39. business:

do business with you

He is the manager of 3 different businesses.

My personal life is none of your business.

This is not my business. get down to business on business

40. spread:

spread out a map spread (out) one’s arms

spread knowledge Flies spread disease

The forest spread from here to the river.

41. approach:

As winter approached the weather became colder.

approach the problem correctly

He was warned of the approach of the enemy.

When learning a foreign language, the best approach is the study of the spoken English.

All approaches to the town were blocked.

Unit Six Life in the future

1. communication satellite

be in/get in communication with --- get/be in touch with ---

contact with ---

2. happen/occur/take place/break out

I happened to meet a friend of mine in the street.

It happened that I didn’t take any money with me that day.

It occurred to me that I had left my key at home.

An idea suddenly occurred to me.

When did the car accident occur/happen?

3. double: a double room a double meaning

The price of houses has doubled over the past few years.

His income is double hers We need double /twice the amount.

4. original: an original idea an original thinker

This is not the original picture, but just a copy of it.

5. in danger/out of danger

6. confuse: puzzle confusing/puzzling confused/puzzled

confuse A with/and B confusion

7. In general/generally

Woman in general like to shop for new clothes.

8. major/main/leading majority minority

a major/main road a major operation major in history

A majority of 230 are for the plan.

9. trend: the trend of prices is still upwards

a growing trend towards smaller families

furniture of contemporary style

9. indicate:

With a nod of his head he indicated to me where I should sit.

A sign indicates the right road to follow.

A red sky at night indicates fine whether the following day.

They indicated that hey were tired.

10. urban/rural suburb suburban

urban areas the urban population

rural areas the rural population

10. ensure/insure (同義)

The book ensured his success.

These pills should ensure you a good night’s sleep.

11. instead/instead of:

Last summer I went to France. This year I’m going to Italy instead.

Why did they choose him instead of me?

12. remain: remaining remains

If you take away 3 from 8, 5 remains.

Only the woman and the two children remained there.

She begged him to remain at home.

Much remains to be seen.

Tom has been married while John still remains single.

The land reform question remains unsolved.

Leave the remaining points for our next meeting.

the remains of the ancient Rome.

13. regularly: regular a regular soldier/army regularity

He comes here fairly regularly.

He lives a regular life.

14. certain/sure:

He was not too sure about the grammar and some of the idioms.

I’m certain/sure of that.

It is certain that he has left for Shanghai.

15. come true/be realized

You will see what I am saying now will come true/be realized.

16. in the same times at the same time

in ancient times/in prehistoric times/in recent times.

in times of danger/hardship/prosperity etc.

17. ask/accept/follow/give/offer/seek advice

We advise their starting early. We advise them to start early.

We advise that they should start early.

18. require : ~ doing sth. ~ sb. to do sth.

~ that sb. (should) do sth.

19. in store: 儲(chǔ)存?zhèn)溆?/p>

There is a surprise in store for you when you get home.

20. in space

21. be concerned about ~ sb. 使某人擔(dān)心

As (So) far as sb. + be + concerned 就某人來說所關(guān)心的

It is impossible as far as we are concerned.

22. bring back: 歸還， 帶回來、 使回想起、 使恢復(fù)

The sight of you brings back many of my memories.

23. old-fashioned dressed in the latest fashion

fashion magazines come in to /be in fashion

go/be out of fashion

23. imitate: imitation in imitation of

He can imitate everything he sees.

You should imitate those good and great men.

24. transform:

He transformed the old kitchen into a beautiful sitting-room.

25. clean up: Clean up your room.

26. come up with: He came up with a new suggestion.

Unit 7 Living With Disease

1. deadly: A deadly silence filled the class.

I’m deadly/awfully/badly sleepy.

2. attitude: take/adopt/keep a(n) --- attitude towards/to ---

The writer’s attitude towards life is strange.

3. imaginary: The story is not true, but imaginary.

an imaginative writer imagine imagination

4. infect: Anyone with a bad cold may infect the people around him.

The wound was infected with germs.

infection infectious

5. transmit:

The programme will be transmitted at 8 o’clock.

Rats transmit disease. transmission

6. via: The news reached me via my aunt.

7. donate donation donate --- to sb.

She made a donation of $ 1,000 to the Children’s Hospital.

8. prevention Prevention of forest fires is up to you.

9. detective: a personal detective detective stories

detect detection

10. persuade: ~ sb. to do sth. ~ sb. into doing sth.

11. dying die death dead

He has died. His death made us sad. He is dead.

He is dying.

12. break down: 壞了；失敗；中斷了。

His bike broke down on his way to school.

The peace talks have broken down.

I can’t have you breaking down in health.

He broke down in the middle o his speech.

13. immune: ~ to/from/against --- 免疫；免于，免受 ---

This medicine will make you immune to/from/against cold.

14. leave sb./sth. + adj/p.p./n. leave for --- leave --- for ---

leave the food untouched leave the book open on the desk

AIDS leaves the patient defenseless. leave sb. an orphan.

15. manage: manage to do sth. management

I can manage it myself.

16. total: total earning/income total population total score

total cost a total of --- in total total up to

The bill totals up to $100.

17. lack: lack for ~ sth. be lacking in ---

I lack the courage to do it.

She doesn’t lack for money.

She is lacking in wisdom (courage, humor, common sense).

18. It’s proper/suitable for sb. to do sth.

19. mean meaning meaningful

20. What a pity (that) you can’t go with us.

feel/have pity for sb. 同情某人

take/have pity on sb. 憐憫、寬恕某人。

21. diagnose: ~ one’s illness as --- diagnosis.

The doctor diagnosed my illness as a rare skin disease.

21. on the contrary

22. free from: 沒有，不受 --- 的損害 free of：遠(yuǎn)離，擺脫

He wants to live a life entirely free from troubles.

If your wages are very small, they’ll be free of income tax.

Unit 8 First Aid

1. give/do/offer first aid to sb. do/offer/give sb. first aid

2. drown sb. sb. drowns drowning

He pulled drowning man from the water an gave him first aid.

3. upside down: That picture is hanging upside down.

4. stay calm:

The sea is calm. The weather stayed hot this week.

He stays single.

6. in panic

7. conscious : be conscious of (one’s shortcomings)

8. I’m afraid I am slightly drunk.

a sight girl

9. circulation: He has a bad circulation.

the circulation of news, information, rumors

10. pulse: take/feel sb.’s pulse

11. The woman had fainted from the heat, but she soon revived.

Hot coffee can revive a tired man.

12. to make things/matters worse ---

He may be late. To make matters worse, he may not come at all.

13. roll over: Every time he rolled over, he pulled over more of the bedclothes to his side.

14. weave: weave thread into cloth weave a web.

He wove his way to the mountain village.

15. worn out tired out

16. in honor of in celebration of

17. eventually: ~ we all must die.

18. tap sb. on the shoulder

19. call for: I’ll call for you at nine. Success calls for hard work.

20. This belt is rather loose.

Unit Nine Saving the Earth

1. face:

What are the problems facing the workers at the present time?

We are now faced with the threat of war.

We must face our trouble and bear it.

Our house faces the park.

2. attend: ~ class/school/Beijing University/a meeting/one’s wedding/a funeral service.

Martin the doctor attended the sick man.

Two nurses attended day and night on the prince.

She offered to go out and attend to these matters.

3. take notes = make notes take notes of 作筆記

take note of: 注意

Take careful note of what I say and please don’t forget it.

3. expect:

I’ll expect you for dinner at six o’clock sharp.

I hardly expected to find you still here.

His parents expected him to be a lawyer, but he turned doctor later.

I didn’t expect you back so soon.

I had not expected that things would turn out like this.

I expect so.

You’re expecting too much of him.

4. That is the big issue they are facing in Iraq.

The article appeared in the fifth issue of English Weekly.

The post office issued the stamps last week.

5. summarize: He summarized the arguments.

He give me a quick summary of the events leading to quarrel.

6. make sure: make sure of --- 弄肯定；設(shè)法做到

Please make sure that the gas is turned off before you leave.

He looked behind him to make sure he was not being followed.

Arrive early at the lecture hall to make sure of a seat!

7. It would be better if ---

It would be better if you can help us.

8. content: Show me the content of your suitcase.

be content with (the content of the speech) be satisfied with ---

8. access: This is the only access to that building.

have access to --- We had access to his private files.

The captain is always accessible to his men.

9. stress:

lay/put/place stress on sth.

My parents lay stress on honesty.

She has been under a lot of stress recently.

In times of stress, we hope to get help form our friends.

The speaker stressed the need for better education in his report.

10. violence: violent violently

War is an act of violence.

The violence of the hurricane caused damage.

The boy had a violent pain in his stomach after eating too much fruit.

a violent quarrel a violent attack

His heart was beating violently.

11. equality: equal equally

The equality of right before law

Women demand equal pay for equal work.

All men are born equal.

be equal to --- An hour is equal to sixty minutes.

She treated her three children equally.

11. responsibility responsible

He has no sense of responsibility.

a responsible teacher

be responsible for sth. /sb.

12. take action/take measures

13. willingness: They did not show much willingness to help.

show willingness to please others.

willing be willing to do sth. willingly

If you do not come willingly, I shall have to use force.

13. harmony:

The harmony of sea and sky makes a beautiful picture.

in harmony (with) ---

Bob and I have worked together in harmony for years.

His takes are in harmony with mine.

14. put/bring/make an end to ---

15. suffering: He died without much suffering.

I hope that this might end my suffering.

Their sufferings after the war were terrible.

He looked very pale, and seemed to have suffered a great deal.

suffer a great loss/great losses.

He suffered a great deal from cold and hunger.

16. It’s unfair to treat him like that.

17. wipe: ~ the table ~ one’s hand on a towel

~ one’s eyes ~ off a debt ~ out ~ out poverty

17. If you are to develop(如果想要 --- ) the world successfully, you must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.

If we are to be there in time, we’ll have to hurry up.

18. Rich countries have a responsibility towards poorer countries and must do whatever they can to help others.

19. Only by changing how we live can we save the earth.

20. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, I would never have bought one.

21. There is a good chance that we will see less violence and fewer wars.

22. worldwide: a worldwide influence nationwide

Football is played worldwide.

23. die out die down die away

This kind of bird is dying out.

The fighting between the two died down.

The sound of the car died away in the distance.

23. alternative:

alternative ways the alternative of going or staying.

You have no alternative but to surrender.

24. be harmful to ---

25. make a difference --- 區(qū)分；對(duì)--- 不同對(duì)待。

Your support will certainly make a difference in our work.

make some/no/little difference

26. at an alarming speed

at a speed of 30km/h at the speed of light at full/to speed

27. It was these people’s willingness to work hard and well that impressed me most.

28. be determined to do sth. determination decide decision

He was determined to win the game.

I determined to travel no further that night.

a person of determination a determined man

29. defend: We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be.

defend sb./sth. against/from --- defense defense works

The lawyer is defending Mr. White.

We must strengthen our defenses on western border.

30. affect/effect:

This affected his attitude. This has no effect on him.

be affected by heat 中暑 be affected with high fever 發(fā)高燒

31. advise/suggest/recommend that sb. + ( should) do sth.

advise/suggest/recommend (sb./sb.’s) doing sth.

but: advise/recommend sb. to do sth. suggest sb./sb.’s doing sth.

Unit Ten Frightening Nature

1. frighten: frightening frightened frighten away

brighten sb. into doing sth. ~ sb. to death

starve sb. to death sentence sb. to death beat sb. to death

burn sb. to death shoot sb. to death

The explosion frightened me.

When I saw her in the river I was frightened.

a frightening experience.

2. threat: under the ~ of --- threatening threaten

Threats don’t scare me.

The black clouds are a threat of rain.

She threatened to kill herself.

a threatening letter

3. uneasy: The driver was uneasy about the icy roads.

She felt uneasy with her new in-laws.

4. terrify terrifying terrified be terrified of ---

5. danger: be a danger to sb. in danger out of danger

6. failure ? a failure pleasure ? a pleasure

success ? a success surprise ? a surprise

honor ? an honor rain ? a rain sand ? sands

water ? waters fire ? a forest fire iron ? an iron

coffee ? three coffees paper ? papers

7. way: in this way in that way in many ways

in no way on one’s own way in a way in some way

by way of ? via by the way

8. hit : hit sb. on the head The stone hit the window.

A bright idea hit/struck me then.

9. get into a total panic get into trouble get into a temper

get into the habit of --- get sb. into ---

in a panic in terror in surprise in anger

in curiosity in great happiness in silence in peace

in a hurry in high/low spirits

10. could have done

11. order sth. done

12. beg: ~ sth. ~ to do sth. ~ sb. to do sth.

13. call for : ~ courage I’ll call for you at six this evening.

14. flee: The enemy fled in disorder.

He fled kidnappers and phoned the police.

15. the more --- , the more ---

16. urge: ~ sb. to do sth. ~ that sb. (should) do sth.

17. upon/on arrival, --- on seeing/hearing --- ,

18. It seems that/as if ---

19. light: light up/lit up lit/lighted sth. but: a lighted candle

20. more --- than ---

He is more brave than wise.

The book is more like a dictionary than a book.

21. pick up/pick out/pick

22. be related to ? be connected with ? have sth. to do with ---

23. cause / do damage to ---

24. spring to /into life ? come to life suddenly

spring to one’s feet spring forth spring up

25. clear up: clear away/off

The weather is clearing up; we can go out.

Your desk is covered with papers; clear them up before you leave the office.

There are many difficulties to be cleared away/off in our way.

The clouds cleared away and the stars shone very brightly.

26. leave out/cross out:

In copying this paper, be careful not leave out any words.

27. the very eye of the wind

28. hold one’s breath

29. full-powered near-sighted warm-hearted

cold-blooded absent-minded open-hearted

broad-minded middle-aged ill-minded

30. all of a sudden ? all at once ? suddenly ? on a sudden

31. in a whisper ? in a low voice ? in a loud voice

32. appropriate : She wore appropriate clothes for the journey.

Write in a style appropriate to the occasion.

33. fascinate ? fascinating ? fascinated

The magician fascinated the children.

Little Jim was fascinated by the question I asked.

Alice is a fascinating girl. fascination

34. live through: ? get through ? go through

They got through the meal without speaking.

John has got through the examination.

The operator finally got me through to Mr. Lee.

I’ll be with you as soon as I get through this work.

35. hold out/hold on/hold back

36. draw near: The great day drew near. Night drew near.

37. So don’t lost heart, whatever you do.

Wherever you go, whatever you do, I’ll be right here waiting for you.

The End