1.The country covers six of the world's 24 time areas.
▲關于時區(time areas)請參見TB(A,L.2-1)。
▲cover是及物動詞，本作“覆蓋”“遮蓋”解，本句中的cover是“占有(多少面積)”(occupy the surface of)的意思。又如：
①The city covers 20 square miles.這座城市占地20平方英里。
②He owns a farm which covers nearly 900 areas.他擁有一個將近900英畝的農場。
▲此外，cover還可以作“采訪(新聞)”解，如第14課中第一段的句子，Reporters are then sent to cover the events.(新聞記者被派去采訪這些事件。)請看下列句中cover的不同詞義。
③Jim was sent to cover the Science Conference in Shanghai.吉姆被派去采訪上海的科學大會了。
④Please cover the table with a tablecloth.請把桌布蓋在桌子上。
⑤The Red Army covered over 1,000 kilometres during the Long March.紅軍在長征途中走過了兩萬多里。
⑥China covers about 9.6 million km2.中國的版圖大約占960萬平方公里。
⑦I covered one third of the book.我讀完了這本書的三分之一。
2.Plants grow well all the year round and the parks and gardens are famous for their flowers.一年四季植物生長良好，這里的公園和花園都以花卉而聞名。
▲all the year round是名詞詞組，作“一年到頭”、“一年四季”解，在句中作時間狀語，類似的名詞詞組還有：all day long(整天地，一天到晚地)，all night long(整夜地)， all the time(一直，始終地)。例如：
①The grassland beyond this mountain has little rain all the year round.山那邊的草原終年少雨。
②The nurse sat by the patient all night long.護士整夜守在病人身邊。
③They had to work all day long, and have no time to talk.他們整天都得工作，沒有時間談話。
核心知識
常用單詞積累
generally speaking notice differently settle
all the year round be famous for
a great deal of make use of race
clear up from time to time
基礎知識精講
1.settle
▲ settle 作“殖民；殖民于，定居，決定”解
句 式
(1)〔settle(+名詞/代詞)〕 殖民(于)
(2)〔settle + 名詞/代詞；settle to do sth〕了解，決定
(3)〔settle +疑問詞+to do sth./疑問詞從句〕解決
①The Dutch settled in South Africa.
荷蘭人在南非殖民。
②Let them settle the problems themselves.
讓他們自己來解決這些問題。
③Have you settled where to go?
他們已決定去什么地方了嗎?
聯想 settle down sb settle sb down
settle down (to sth) settle (down) to sth
▲settle (在活動過后)安適地坐下或躺下
▲settle (sb) down (使)鎮定；(使)平靜
▲settle down (to sth) 立身；安頓(于新的生活方式，新行業等)
▲settle (down) to sth. 避免分心，專心工作
▲settled 形容詞，“穩定的，不變的；永久的”
▲settlement “解決，和解”
▲settler 殖民者，僑居新興國家者
2.notice
▲ notice 作動詞，“注意(到)；看到”
句式
(1)〔notice +名詞/代詞〕 (2)〔notice +that+從句〕
(3)〔notice +疑問詞從句〕 (4)〔notice +疑問詞+to do〕
(5)〔notice +名詞/代詞+動詞原形/v-ing形式/過去分詞〕
①He was too proud to notice me.他太傲慢了，連理都不理我。
②I noticed that he left early.我注意到他提早離開了。
③Did you notice what happened?你可看到發生什么了?
④I noticed where to fish.我注意到哪兒能捕到魚了。
⑤I didn't notice you enter.我沒注意你進來。
注意：
notice屬感觀動詞(即表感觀意義的及物動詞)。通常感觀動詞都有notice的以上五種常見用法。這類動詞常見的有see, observe, watch, look at, listen to, hear, feel等
3.struggle against
▲struggle against 后既可接表人的名詞，亦可接表示事物的名詞，表示與之對立(對抗)的人或物進行斗爭，意為“同……作斗爭”，against可與with互換。
①He struggled against/with those who opposed his plan.他同反對他計劃的人作斗爭。
②They struggled against poverty.他們同貧窮作斗爭。
▲struggle for后通常接抽象名詞，意為“為(真理，事業解放等)而奮斗”
③All the black slaves struggled for freedom.所有的黑奴都為自由而斗爭
④The poor have to struggle for a living.窮人不得不為生存而斗爭。
4.refer to
▲refer to 表“查閱；參考”
①You can refer to your note when you are speaking.你發言時可以看稿子。
②You have to refer to a dictionary to find the meaning of this word.你得查閱字典找出這個詞的意思來。
注意：refer表“查閱”意義時，可與consult換用，但不可與look up換用。
③考試時不準查字典。
［誤］Don't look up a dictionary while having an examination.
［正］Don't look up new words in a dictionary while having an examination.
［正］Don't refer to a dictionary while having an examination.
［正］Don't consult a dictionary while having an examination.
▲refer to 表“指……而言；適用于”
④I didn't know whom she was referring to when she said that.她這樣說時，我不知道她指的是誰。
⑤The regulations refer to children.這些規定適用于小孩。
▲refer to 表“提到，提及”
⑥Don't refer to that matter again.不要再提這事了。
⑦The author begins by referring to the early history of Africa.作者在開頭提了一下非洲的早期歷史。
▲refer to 與介詞as連用，即“refer to…as…”結構表示“將……稱作……”的意思。
⑧He heard them refer to her as“Big sister”.他聽見他們叫她“大姐”。
⑨This is why Marxists refer to this type of movement as scientific socialism.因此，馬克思主義者把這個運動稱作科學社會主義。
▲refer…to “把……委托給”“把……提交給”
⑩We should refer this matter to the head office for a decision.我們應當把這事提到總部去決定。
5.average的多種用法小結
▲average作形容詞，意為“平常的，平均的”
①The average age of the students in this class is sixteen.本班學生的平均年齡是十六歲。
②Most boys in my class are those of average intelligence.我們班大部分男孩是智力平常的男生。
▲average 作名詞。“平均數；平均標準”
on (the) average 根據平均標準，平均而言
③The average of 3 and 9 is 6. 3和9的平均數是6。
④On the average, our body temperature is about 37℃.平均而言，我們的體溫在37℃左右。
6.generally speaking “一般地說”在句中作插入語，對整個句子進行解釋。
①Generally speaking, your answer is right.一般來說，你的回答是對的。
②Generally speaking, newspapers follow the American way.一般地說，報紙采用美國英語的拼法。
類似的短語還有：
strictly speaking 嚴格說來，嚴格地說
exactly speaking 確切地說
frankly speaking 坦率地說
personally speaking 就(我)個人來說
roughly speaking 大體說來，大體下可以說
broadly speaking 總而言之，概括地說
7.tell 作動詞，意為“告知，告訴；講述”解，常與can, could, be able to等連用。
①I can't tell the difference between them.我看不出他們之間的區別。
②How can you tell a Japanese from a Chinese?你怎樣識別日本人和中國人呢?
③The two sisters look so much alike that it is difficult to tell them apart.這兩姊妹長得那么相像，簡直分辨不出誰是誰。
▲to tell (you) the truth 說實話(用作插入語)
▲there is no telling 很難說，不可知
④To tell the truth, I don't agree with you.老實說，我不同意你的意見。
⑤There is no telling what may happen.將會發生什么事是無法知道的。
8.sound 連系動詞，“聽起來”，后可跟形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等作表語。
①The plan doesn't sound very reasonable.這計劃似乎不甚合理。
②That sounds a good idea, don't you think?那聽起來是個好主意，你說呢?
③Your voice sound as if you have a cold.你的聲音聽起來像是傷風了。
▲類似表示感覺的動詞：smell, taste, feel, look等，都可用作連系動詞。
④Flowers smell sweet.花發出香氣。
⑤The liquid tastes bitter.這種藥水喝起來很苦。
⑥Silk feels smooth.絲織品摸起來很光滑。
⑦The city looks very nice, doesn't it?這城市看起來很漂亮，是吧?
9.mean 的兩種用法
▲mean“意欲，打算，圖謀”跟名詞或代詞，不定式，跟帶不定式的復合結構。
①He means us no harm.他無意傷害我們。
②I didn't mean you to see and read the letter.我并沒有打算要你閱讀那封信。
③She doesn't mean to go.她不想去。
④He certainly meant what he said.他所說的當然是正經話。
▲mean “表示；意味著，意指”跟名詞或代詞，從句和v-ing。
⑤A dictionary tells you what words mean.詞典告訴你詞語的含義。
⑥To raise wages means increasing power.提高工資意味著增加購買力。
10.make use of 利用；使用 use前可加形容詞
▲make good (full, the best, any, etc) use of (sth) 好好(充分，最好，任何等)利用(某物)
①You can make any use of my dictionary you like.你可以隨意使用我的詞典。
②How can an underdeveloped country make the best use of science?經濟落后的國家怎么能最好地利用科學呢?
典型例題
During the summer holidays there will be a revised(修改過的) schedule(時刻表)of services for the students. Changes for dining-room and library service hours and for bus schedules will be posted on the wall outside of the dining-hall. Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged(安排) will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.
In the summer holidays, buses going to the town center will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day. The diningroom will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 p.m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00 p.m. on weekends. The library will continue its usual hours during the week, but have shorter hours on Saturday and Sundays. The weekend hours are from noon to 5:00 p.m. .
All students who want to use the library borrowing services must have a new summer card. This announcement will also appear in the next week's student newspaper.
1.The main purpose of this announcement is to ______________.
A. tell students of important schedule changes.
B. tell students of new bus and library services.
C. show the excellent services for students.
D. ask students to renew their library cards.
2.At which of the following times will the bus leave the main hall?
A.8:00,9:00,10:00,11:00 B.8:30,9:30,10:30,11:30
C.8:30,9:00,9:30,10:00 D.8:00,9:30,11:00,12:30
3.Times for films and concerts are listed in this announcement because
______________.
A. they are not to be announced B. they are hard to arrange
C. the full list is not ready D. the full list is too long
4.In the summer holidays, the library will have ______________.
A. no special hours.
B. special hours on weekdays
C. special hours on weekends
D. special hours both on weekdays and weekend.
5.We may infer that during the summer holidays ______________.
A. the student newspaper will sell more copies.
B. there will be a concert or a film once a week.
C. many students will stay in the university.
D. no breakfast will be served on weekends.
解析 1.這是一道主旨題。考生需要在充分領會文章中心思想的基礎上判斷本文的寫作目的。文章開頭的第一句話是全文的主題句，也是本通知的目的。故A應為 該題的最佳答案。
2.這是一道細節題。只要考生抓住文章第二自然段中…will leave the main hall every hour on the half hour during the day的這句話便可得出B為最佳答案。
3.這是一道細節題。同時也考查考生的推斷能力。文章第一自然段中Weekly film and concert schedules, which are being arranged, will be posted each Wednesday outside of the student club.一句中的非限定性定語從句可以幫助考生得出這樣的結論，每周的電影和音樂會的時間表正在安排，其言外之意是還沒有準備好，故C應是本題的最佳答案。
4.這是一道細節題。只要考生抓住第二自然段中的最后兩句話，便可得出C為該題的最佳答案。
5.這是一道推斷題。從文章第二自然段的The dinging-room will serve three meals a day from 7:00 am to 7:00 p.m. during the week and two meals from noon to 7:00pm on weekends一句話中可以推斷，周末沒有早餐。故D為最佳答案。
【有關"Canada" 的教學設計】
教學設計1. Canada
前言
同學們將在本單元學習有關加拿大的一些情況。下面是用簡單的英語對加拿大的解釋：Canada is the largest country in North America . The distance from east to west is over 5 , 500 kilometres and the country covers six of the world's 24 time areas . It has an areas of about 9.9 million square kilometres and it has a population of about 29 million . There are two national languages in Canada - French and English . The weather in Canada is
學習目標：
一、交際用語
1）Are there many differences？
2）Do you use American or British spelling？
3）American spellings are used more and more in Canada now．
二、單詞和詞組
1）notice
2）differently
3）generally speaking
4）tell the difference between A and B
5）sound strange
6）follow the American way
三、句型
I’ll tell you something that does sound strange．
教案內容：
內容1：教學重點與難點
內容2：語法擴散思維
教學設計2. Lesson 25
學習目標：
運用所學語言，完成教科書和練習冊中規定的聽、說、讀寫的基本任務。熟練地閱讀課文“ Canada”，確切理解，讓學生了解加拿大的歷史地理和風土人情。完成有關課文內容的練習。組織學生參加本校加拿大外籍教師舉辦的外語課，談論加拿大的風土人情，使學生能夠將所學知識運用于實踐，培養學生與外籍教師交談的口語能力。
1. To help students understand the differences pronunciation
between Canadian English and American's.
2. To master the skills of talking about strangers.
3. To learn the new words and phrases.
教案內容：
內容1：Teaching Procedures
教學設計3. Lesson 26
學習目標：
1. Learn and master the following.
(1)…is the second largest…
(2)English-speaking…
(1) As in China
(2) all the year round
(3) be famous for
2. Improve the students’ ability of reading comprehension.
教案內容：
內容1：Teaching Procedures
教學設計4. Lesson 27
學習目標：
1. Learn and master the following
(1) live on
(2) make A from B
(3) make use of
2. Study a little about word-formation, and subject predicate consistence.
3. Improve the students’ ability of reading comprehension.
教案內容：
內容1：Teaching Procedures
教學設計5. Lesson 28
學習目標：
1. Review the grammatical points and useful expressions in this unit.
2. Do some listening.
3. Do some writing.
教案內容：
內容1：Teaching Procedures
教學設計6. 高二英語 Uint 7 Canada
學習目標：
教學目的和要求
1.單詞和詞組：
四會：
L.25 generally speaking notice differently
L.26 settle all the year round be famous for deal a great deal of make use of
L.27 race skin tool
L.28 clear up from time to time
三會：
L.25 tap eastern
L.26 official official language settle struggle struggle against freeze freezing average natural natural gas exploit ordinary refer refer to
L.27 tent baggage block fur basic settlement
二會：
L.25 Dean accent
L.26 Ottawa minus C=centigrade
L.27 hunt Inuit seal
2.日常交際用語：
A lot of people can’t tell the difference between an American accent and a Canadian accent.
Are there many differences?
What do you mean by…?I’m sorry, I don’t follow you.
Do you use American or British spelling?
American spellings are used more and more in Canada now.
3.語法
學習主語和謂語的一致的用法
教案內容：
內容1：教學重點難點
【關于“Canada”的常見問題】
常見問題1: Canada
問題：
A child ran into the street and _______________ her bicycle.
A. falls off B. knocks down from
C. knocked her off D. fell her off
解答:
解析：答案為C。fall off從……落下，off可作副詞，也可作介詞；knock off把……敲落；擊倒，off同樣可以作介詞，也可以作副詞。本題中and前后兩個并列謂語部分，應保持時態的一致性。
常見問題2: Canada
問題：
Right now you need to _______________ until help comes.
A. still stay B. stay still
C. yet stay D. stay yet
解答:
解析：答案為B。stay可作不及物動詞或連系動詞，表示“逗留，停留，呆”等含義，后可接形容詞作其表語。而此題中still為形容詞，表示“靜止的，平靜的”等含義。
常見問題3: Canada
問題：
--________is _________population of Shanghai now?
--Sorry .I'm not quite sure about it，but I think it has at least ________population of more than fifteen million.
A．What；a；the B．What；the；a
C．How much ;a ;a D．How much；the；the
解答:
導析：population與what連用，表示“有多少人口”，表示“某地的人口”時，population前用冠詞the，“a population of+數字”則表示“人口是……”，答案：B
常見問題4: Canada
問題：
The meat in the bowl ______bad because of the hot weather.
A．went B．remained C．felt D．got
解答:
導析：四個選項均為連系動詞，go表示由好變壞，remain表示“處于某種狀態”，feel意為“摸起來有……感覺，覺得怎么樣”，get往往表示一個變化的過程，答案：A
常見問題5: Canada
問題：
This kind of food _____soft and _____well.
A．is felt ;sells B．feels；is sold
C．is felt ;is sold D．feels；sells
解答:
導析：feel是連系動詞，沒有被動形式，sell well表示“暢銷”的意思，其中的sell不能用于被動結構中，但可用于進行時態。答案：D
類似的還有：wash well (耐洗)，wear well(耐穿)，write well (寫起來流暢)。例如：Books of this kind are selling well.(這種書很暢銷。)
常見問題6: Canada
問題：
This kind of fish can lift its head and throw itself towards ______it wants to go.
A．which B．there C．where D．when
解答:
導析：where引導名詞性從句，表地點，作介詞towards的賓語。A、B、D選項都與題意不符。答案：C
常見問題7: Canada
問題：
This is the main use that scientists make ______of natural resources.
A．it B．which C．use D．／
解答:
導析：make use of短語中的use為定語從句的先行詞，that引導定語從句，在從句中作賓語，代替use。答案：D
常見問題8: Canada
問題：
I love to go the seaside in summer .It _______good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea.
A．does B．feels C．gets D．makes
解答:
導析：句中的it為形式主語，真正的主語是后面的to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea這一不定式短語，good在這里是形容詞，意思是“感覺好，舒服”。根據題意，空格處應填系動詞feel，表示“讓人感到舒服，使人感覺舒服”。答案：B
常見問題9: Canada
問題：
The number of people invited _______fifty ,but a number of them ________absent for different reasons.
A．were；was, B．was；were C．was；was D．were；were
解答:
導析：本題考查主謂一致問題。the number of意為“……的數量”，作主語時，謂語用單數，a number of許多、大量，作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。答案：B
常見問題10: Canada
問題：
--Come on in ,Peter .I want to show you something.
--Oh，how nice of you !I _____you _______to bring me a gift.
A．never think；are going B．don't think；were going
C．never thought；were going D．hadn't thought；are going
解答:
導析：答語中兩處空格都應用過去時態，除了遵循時態一致的原則外，更主要的是說話人表達的意義(我原來沒有想到，你竟會給我帶禮物來)。
答案：C
有關"Canada" 的課后練習】
課后練習1：課后練習
一、 主謂一致相似句型精練精析
1 . 1) Five dollars enough .
2) Collecting stamps my hobby .
3) I think physics difficult to learn .
A . are B . is
2 . 1) My trousers as new as yours .
2) A pair of my trousers on the bed .
A . is B . are
3 . 1) A teacher with five students in the classroom .
2) A teacher and five students in the classroom .
A . are B . is
4 . 1) Sixty percent of the students of our school boys .
2) Sixty percent of the building rented(租) to that company .
A . are B . is
5 . 1) The population of this city six million .
2) About 70 percent of the population of our country peasants .
A . is B . are
6 . 1) He is one of the students who been invited .
2) He is the only one of the students who been invited .
A . has B . have
7 . 1) Each of them seen the film .
2) They each seen the film .
3) Each boy and each girl seen the film .
A . has B . have
8 . 1) The teacher and writer going to give us a talk .
2) The teacher and the writer going to give us a talk .
A . is B . are
9 . 1) A number of students playing on the playground .
2) The number of the students in our school about 1500 .
A . is B . are
10. 1) The rest of the money on the desk .
2) The rest of the books on the desk .
答案與精析：
1 . 1)B。表示金錢、時間、距離、重量、度量等名詞復數作主語時，看作單數概念，謂語動詞用單數。2)B。動名詞短語、不定式短語、主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。3) B
2 . 1) B 2) A。trousers , clothes , shoes , glasses 單獨作主語時，謂語動詞用復數。但若有 a pair of , a piece of 等修飾時，謂語動詞用單數。
3 . 1)B 2)A。單數名詞后跟“with (together with , except , but) + 名詞”結構時，謂語動詞仍用單數。
4 . 1)A 2)B。“percent of + 名詞”作主語時，of 后的名詞是單數時，謂語用單數；of 后的名詞是復數(含集體名詞)時，謂語動詞用復數。
5 . 1)A 2)B。population 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式，但和分數、百分數連用時，表示分散的“人口”，謂語動詞用復數。
6 . 1)B 2)A。“one of + 名詞”引導定語從句時，若 one 前有 the only(very)限定時，定語從句中謂語動詞用單數。反之，謂語動詞用復數。
7 . 1)A 2)B 3) A。each 作主語時，謂語動詞用單數；each 作同位語時，謂語動詞用復數。“each …and ; each… ”結構作主語時，謂語動詞用單數。
8 . 1)A 2)B。and 連接兩個單數名詞，名詞前只有一個定冠詞修飾時，指同一個人，謂語動詞應用單數。
9 . 1)B 2)A
10 . 1)A 2)B。“the rest of + 名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞單復數取決于 of 后名詞的單復數。of 后若為集體名詞時，謂語動詞也用復數。
二、 主謂一致比較選擇15題
1 . a) The writer and the teacher to attend the meeting .
b) The writer and teacher to give us a talk on American history .
A. is B. are C. will D. be
2 . a) The boy and girl interested in English .
b) Each boy and girl interested in English .
A . is B . are C . be D . 不填
3 . a) Each of us hard now .
b) We each hard now .
A . working B . worked C . is working D . are working
4 . a) Our family a large one .
b) Our family all interested in the film .
A . is B . are C . will D . be
5 . a) The trousers your brother's .
b) This pair of trousers your brother's .
A . is B . are C . am D . be
6 . a) Aday or two passed .
b) One or two days passed .
A . is B . are C . has D . have
7 . a) You a good comrade .
b) “You” a pronoun .
A . is B . are C . be D . was
8 . a) Your shoes are black , mine red .