Planting trees
1.詞匯
dig, drought, crop, directly, soil, leaf, flood, prevent, northern, wide, blow, sand, towards, farmland, correct, hall, audience, auditorium
2.詞組
so that, hear of, run away, wash away, in this way, point to, far away, thanks to, hand in, more or less
3.語(yǔ)法 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法
4.句型
(1)Their mistakes should be corrected.
(2)The letters must be typed this afternoon.
5.計(jì)量詞的用法
英語(yǔ)中計(jì)量表示法的結(jié)構(gòu)為：
主語(yǔ) + be + 數(shù)詞 + 單位量詞 + 形容詞
例： The Great Wall Green is 7，000 kilometres long and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide.
核心知識(shí)
dig，drought. crop，directly，soil，leaf flood，prevent, northern, wide, blow, sand towards, farmland, correct, grand, hall, notice audience, slipper auditorium, so that以便，為了， hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)， run away跑，逃，流失， wash away沖走， in this way用這種方法， point to指向， far away很遠(yuǎn)，遙遠(yuǎn)，thank to由于，幸虧， hand in交上來(lái)， more or less有點(diǎn)，或多或少.
1.Come to school in your old clothes tomorrow.明天上學(xué)穿舊衣服.
介詞in在短語(yǔ)中表示服飾有“穿著…”“戴著…”等意思.in后可直接跟顏色式樣等詞.
2. It’s Tree Planting Day.是植樹(shù)節(jié).
節(jié)日的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)，無(wú)冠詞，每年的三月十二日為植樹(shù)節(jié).
3.Have you ever heard of the Great Wall Green？你曾聽(tīng)說(shuō)綠色長(zhǎng)城嗎？
hear of聽(tīng)說(shuō)，如：I often hear of him，but I’ve never seen him.我常聽(tīng)說(shuō)他，可從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)面.
4.Forests help to keep water from running away， so drought does not even happen.
森林有助于防止水土流失，這樣就不發(fā)生旱災(zāi)了.
keep sth. from doing…避開(kāi)，不接近.
如：We must keep the children from playing fire.我們必須阻止孩子們玩水.
The heavy rain kept us from going out.大雨使我們無(wú)法外出.
run away逃走，流失，如：
The mouse ran away as quickly as possible when he saw the cat.
那老鼠見(jiàn)到那只貓盡快的逃了.
The water there isn’t easy to run away because of grass and trees.
由于有花草、樹(shù)木，那兒的水不易流失.
5.In this way， floods are prevented.用這種方法，阻止了洪水(泛濫)
1)in this way用這種方式(手段)如：
I can work out the problem in this way. I’ll try it in another way.
我能用這種方式解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，我還試著用另一種方法來(lái)做.
2)prevent及物動(dòng)詞 如：
I coundn’t think of any excuse to prevent him.我想不出任何借口來(lái)阻止他.
prevent sb.／sth. from doing sth.制止某人做某事 from可省略
I was prevented by illness from taking the exam.我因病未能參考.
Nothing will prevent us(from) reaching out aims.什么也阻止不了我們達(dá)到我們的目的.
此結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)似：stop sb. /sth.(from)doing sth.(其中 from在動(dòng)詞中可省略)； keep sb.(sth. from doing sth.)(其中from不可省)
6.The Great Wall Green is 7，000 kilometres long and between 400 and 1，700 kilometres wide.綠色長(zhǎng)城 7，000千米，寬約 400至 1.700千米.
英語(yǔ)中計(jì)量表示法結(jié)構(gòu)為：主 + be + 數(shù)詞 + 單位量詞 + 形容詞
如：他有 1.85米高.He is 1.85 metres tall.
這個(gè)教室寬 6米. This classroom is six metres wide.
7.The Great wall Green will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.綠色長(zhǎng)城將阻止風(fēng)刮走土壤.
Stop…from doing sth.阻止(防止)…作某事
如：She stopped the child from playing football in the street.
她阻止那小孩在街上踢足球.(她不讓那小孩在街上踢足球).
8. But more “Great Walls Green”are still needed，….
可是仍還需要一些綠色長(zhǎng)城.“more”更多的，較多的.
(1)如： Next year I’11 learn more English.來(lái)年，我將更多學(xué)英語(yǔ).
more“附加，另外的”.
如：There are twenty more trees to be planted.還有 20棵樹(shù)需要栽.
(2)“are needed”一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).
如：More English teachers are needed in our country.
我們國(guó)家還需一些英語(yǔ)老師.
9.We visited him at his workplace among the young trees and asked about his work.我們?cè)谒墓ぷ鞯攸c(diǎn)，小樹(shù)中間拜訪了他，詢(xún)問(wèn)了他的工作情況.
介詞between與among均可表示“在……之間”
1)between通常僅涉及到兩個(gè)事物.
如：That was between you and him.這是你和他之間的事.
between也可用于三者(以上)用and連接，表示涉及到邊界
Lucy sits between Mary，Jack and Tom. Lucy坐在 Mary， Jack和 Tom之間.
2)among用于表示“一群”，“一伙”中間，其后接名詞或代詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式或接集合名詞.
如：The teacher is sitting among the children.老師正坐在孩子們中間.
I found him among the crowd.我從人群中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他.
1O.The more，the better.越多，越好.
兩個(gè)比較級(jí)前用定冠詞the，分別引導(dǎo)一個(gè)分句，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“The more…，the more”，其結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……越……’，
如：The more you read， the more you will get.
你讀的越多，你得到的就越多.
類(lèi)似這種結(jié)構(gòu)： The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越細(xì)心，你出的錯(cuò)就越少.
11.In a few years’time，those mountains will be covered with trees, too.幾年以后，那些山也將被樹(shù)覆蓋.
Be covered with由……履蓋著
如：The roads were covered with snow.路上覆蓋著雪.
12.But thanks to the Great Wall Green.可是，幸虧有了綠色長(zhǎng)城.
Thanks to Mr. Zhong， I’ve worked out the problem.
我算出了那道題，多虧了張老師.
13.A long stick should be knocked into the earth.
應(yīng)當(dāng)插一根棍子在泥土里.
“knock sth. into…”把……插進(jìn)……這里用了此結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
14.Hold it straight！把樹(shù)扶直.
“straight”在這里形容詞作賓補(bǔ).“straight”形容詞、副詞一樣.
如：Please draw a straight line.請(qǐng)劃一條直線.(形容詞)
Please sit straight, class！同學(xué)們請(qǐng)坐直.(副詞)
典型例題
1.The ground must be just right－neither too wet nor too dry.
地面要正好合適，既不能太濕，也不能太干.
解析 1)neither…nor…既不……也不……連詞，連接兩個(gè)對(duì)等詞，neither…nor…連接主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與nor后面的主語(yǔ)一致.
如：Neither his brother nor he was at home yesterday.
他和他的哥哥昨天都不在家.
2)neither，nor和so作副詞表“也這樣”用于否定句中，進(jìn)行倒裝.
如：He has never been to Hongkong，and neither(nor)have I.
他從沒(méi)去過(guò)香港，我也從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò).
I can’t swim, nor can she, nor can he. 我不會(huì)游泳.她也不會(huì)，他也不會(huì).
(被否定的是三者或以上時(shí)，不能用neither，只能用nor.)
so用于肯定倒裝句中，表示“也”He watched TV yesterday， and so did I.
他昨晚看電視了，我也看了.
2.We must repair the computer now.(變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
The computer must be repaired now (by us).
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)方法：將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中主語(yǔ)再將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)部分改為被動(dòng)形式.其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be + 及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).而情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be + vt. p.p.課本 P53將主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句答案是：
1.Their mistakes should be corrected.
2.The letters must be typed this afternoon.
3.Their classroom must be cleaned every day.
4.English should be spoken in and out of class.
5.Your compositions should be handed in the day after tomorrow.
6.A long stick should be knocked into the earth next to the hole.
7.The tree should be tied to the top of the stick.
8.The trees must be watered as often as possible.
3.閱讀分析點(diǎn)撥
閱讀下文，并選擇填空
We can see walls everywhere in the world. But the Great Wall of China is 1 of all. The Chinese call it“The Ten－Thousand-Li Great Wall”.It is，in fact(事實(shí)上)，more than 6，000 kilometres long. It is 6-7 metres 2 and 4－5 metres wide. In most places， five horses or ten men can walk side 3 side along the top.
When you visit the Great Wall，you can’t help wondering(情不自禁地想知道) how the Chinese people 4 build such a great wall 5 years 6 . 7 any modern machines, it was really difficult to build it. They had to do all the work by hand. It took millions of men hundreds of years to build it.
The Great Wall has a history of over two 8 years. The men began to build the first part of it about 2,700 years ago. Qin Shihuang 9 all the walls 9 . He thought that could keep the enemy(敵人) out of the country.
Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest. 10 the chinese people 10 the people from all over the world come to visit it.
1. A. the big B. biggest C. the biggest D. the biggest
2. A. tall B. the tall C. higher D. high
3. A. to B. and C. by D. or
4. A. were able to B. be able to
C. are able to D. was able to
5. A. thousand B. thousand of
C. thousands of D. thousands
6. A. before B. ago C. later D. after
7. A. No B. Not C. Neither D. Without
8. A. hundred B. thousand
C. thousands of D. hundreds
9. A. joined；up B. join；up
C. joined；in D. joined；on
10. A. Whether；nor B. So；that
C. Only；also D. Both； and
分析 1.D.“of all”表示一定的范圍，與最高級(jí)連用.2.D.指城墻的高度.3. C.“并排”詞組 side by side.4.A.古時(shí)候中國(guó)人“能”. 5.C.意思“幾千年”.6.B.過(guò)去什么時(shí)間“以前”.7.D.意思是“沒(méi)有”，介詞.8.B.“兩千年的歷史”.9.A意思是“連接起來(lái)”.10.D.意思是“中國(guó)和全世界的人們”.
4. This is a German book an English book. It is a French book.
A. either，or B. not only, but also
C. neither，nor D. both，and
解析 了解“either…or；not only…but also； neither… nor…； both…and”的含義，根據(jù)句意，此題答案為“C”.
5.There are some more holes .
A. to dug B. to be dug C. to dig D. to digging
解析 此句意思是“還有一些洞要挖”.故選“B”等同“We still have some more holes to dig.”
【關(guān)于“Unit 11 Planting trees”的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題】
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題1: Planting trees1
問(wèn)題：
對(duì)老人講話一定要有禮貌.
誤：The old people must be spoken politely.
正：The old people must be spoken to politely.
解答:
分析 speak to sb.對(duì)…講話，speak為不及物動(dòng)詞，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，介詞不能省.
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題2: Planting trees2
問(wèn)題：
我們的教室長(zhǎng)8米，寬6米.
誤：Our classroom has eight metres long and wide six metres.
正：Our class room is eight metres long and six metres wide.
解答:
分析 英語(yǔ)中量度表達(dá)法：主語(yǔ) + be + 數(shù) + 單位詞 + 形容詞.
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題3: Planting trees3
問(wèn)題：
我考試及格了，多虧了胡老師.
誤：I’ve passed the exam, thanks for Mrs. Hu.
正：I’ve passed the exam，thanks to Mrs. Hu.
解答:
分析 “thanks to sb.”固定詞組意思是幸虧了，多虧了，“thank”在這兒一定要用復(fù)數(shù)形式.
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題4: Planting trees4
問(wèn)題：
挖一個(gè)大洞，栽下那棵樹(shù).
誤：Dig a hole enough large to plant the tree.
正：Dig a hole large enough to plant the tree.
解答:
分析 “enough”修飾形容詞、副詞要后置，
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題5: Planting trees5
問(wèn)題：
按要求變化句式，不改變句意.
1.We must look after our clothes.
Our clothes .
2.The farmers often plant trees in spring.
Trees often the farmers spring.
3.I showed my friend two new pictures yesterday.
Two new pictures my friend me yesterday.
4.They didn’t know Jack or Kate.(改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Neither Jack hate to .(1998年廣州考試題)
5.We need to plant an other five trees.(同意替換)
There are tree to .
解答:
答案：1.must be looked after 2.are，planted，by，in 3.were showed to，by 4.nor was known， them 5.five more trees， be planted
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題6: Planting trees 6
問(wèn)題：
Rice must________at the right time.
A．be harvested B．harvest
C．be harvesting D．be harvest
解答:
分析此題考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，它的構(gòu)成是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+v．過(guò)去分詞，由此可知must后跟harvest的被動(dòng)式為be harvested。
答案A
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題7: Planting trees 7
問(wèn)題：
In ________ time, those mountains will be covered with trees, too.
A．few years B．a(chǎn) few years’
C．a(chǎn) few year D．a(chǎn) few year’s
解答:
分析“過(guò)幾年之后”的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)應(yīng)是“in a few years”或“in a fewyears’time”。注意“幾年”的所有格應(yīng)是“s”‘。
答案B
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題8: Planting trees 8
問(wèn)題：
Lily is ten years ______ and she is over one netre _____.
解答:
分析此題考查計(jì)量。這句話的意思是“莉莉有10歲了，超過(guò)1米高了。”用old表示年齡，tall表示身高。
答案old和tall